Justification of Measures to Reduce the Health Risk from Air Pollution by Suspended Particles Less than Ten Micrometers (PM10) on the Urban Road Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Trofimenko ◽  
V.S. Chizhova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Large City ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Surface Wear ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Tire Wear ◽  
Roadside Area

A method for assessing the risk of air pollution by suspended particles smaller than ten micrometers (PM10) on the street road network (SRN) of the large city is presented. It includes an assessment of the intensity of the release and distribution in air of PM10, the sources of which are exhaust gases from vehicles with diesel engines, tire wear, and road surface wear. An assessment is made of the chronic and carcinogenic risk to public health from exposure to PM10 in the air in a roadside area. Substantiated measures to reduce the risk to public health from PM10 air pollution in the SRN.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of air pollution by heat power plant emissions on the health of the population of Novokuznetsk

2019 ◽  
pp. 348-352
Author(s):  
R. A. Golikov ◽  
V. V. Kislitsyna ◽  
D. V. Surzhikov ◽  
A. M. Oleshchenko ◽  
M. A. Mukasheva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Introduction. Th e study of the infl uence of air pollution on the health of the population of industrial cities is an urgent task of preventive medicine.The purpose of the study— assessment of risk for population health of the city of Novokuznetsk, associated with the receipt in atmospheric air of polluting substances from SC «Kuznetsk TPP».Materials and methods.The paper presents the results of risk assessment for the health of the population of Novokuznetsk from the impact of atmospheric emissions of coal thermal power plant. Risks were calculated in accordance with the «Guidelines for the assessment of public health risks from exposure to chemicals that pollute the environment».Results.It was found that sulfur dioxide, coal ash, nitrogen dioxide had the largest share in the index of non-carcinogenic hazard of emissions. Th e maximum hazard index of carcinogenic substances was detected in hexavalent chromium. Th e greatest risk of immediate action, manifested in the development of refl ex reactions, was detected at two points of exposure to concentrations; it was determined by the infl uence of coal ash. In the formation of the risk of chronic intoxication, coal ash, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide had the greatest impact; the greatest risk was detected at three points. Th e hazard coeffi  cients of the concentrations ranged from 2.04×10–4 to 6.723. The maximum index of danger equal to 29.31, corresponded to the residential district of Lenin square. Th e highest levels of carcinogenic risk identifi ed at three points were determined by exposure to hexavalent chromium.Conclusion.Th e work identifi ed environmentally disadvantaged neighborhoods of the city. It is shown that the main contribution to the formation of non-carcinogenic risk of health disorders of the city’s population is made by nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, coal ash, sulfur dioxide. Th e main carcinogen is hexavalent chromium. Th e total values of risks expressed in the multiplicities of excess of acceptable risk, for most points exceed 1, indicating a signifi cant impact of emissions on the health of the population. A set of atmospheric protection measures aimed at reducing risks to public health is recommended. 

scholarly journals Experience in using statistical and mathematical technologies to assess the impact of atmospheric pollution on public health in a large industrial center

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-667
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Surzhikov ◽  
Vera V. Kislitsyna ◽  
Varvara A. Shtaiger ◽  
Roman A. Golikov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Coal Processing ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Introduction. The issue of air pollution is relevant in cities where the majority of the population lives and a large number of industrial enterprises are concentrated in relatively small areas. Currently, the federal project “Clean Air” is being implemented in 12 industrial centres of Russia within the framework of the national project “Ecology”. The purpose of the work was to justify using statistical and mathematical methods for assessing the impact of atmospheric pollution on the health of the population in the city of Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo region. Materials and methods. The following methods were used: assessment and management of public health risk, statistical analysis methods: factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, discriminant analysis. Results. Statistical indices and public health risk parameters can be used to assess the impact. Examples of the effect of complex pollution indices (the main components of pollution, the integral indicator P) and the concentrations of individual impurities in the air basin (suspended substances, ozone) were given. The carcinogenic risk to the population of Novokuznetsk, calculated from the calculated concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, was found to exceed the acceptable risk threshold. The specific weight of carcinogens in the formation of the risk to other oncological incidence was determined. An assessment of the risk from the emissions of a coal-processing plant located near residential areas of the city was carried out. The values of the hazard indices showed an excess of the acceptable non-carcinogenic risk only from the emissions of the coal processing plant, taking into account the background level of air pollution in the air basin. Conclusion. In Novokuznetsk, it is proposed to use the method of ranking atmospheric protection measures in terms of the unit cost of risk reduction in health risk management. To manage the risk, it is proposed to calculate the population indices of aerogenic hazard or the probabilistic parameters of the individual threat associated with air pollution. It is noted that a 20-22% reduction in pollutant emissions for Novokuznetsk may not be enough. The reasonable measures for the further study of the aerogenic impact on the population of the city are presented.

scholarly journals Public Health Risk Assessment Due to Air Pollution in the Temir District of the Aktobe Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 481-487
Author(s):  
Laura Sakebayeva ◽  
Valentina Sabyrakhmetova ◽  
Gulsim Karashova ◽  
Perizat Aitmaganbet ◽  
Kulyan Shayakhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Public Health Risk

BACKGROUND: This article focuses on the health risk assessment associated with air pollution for the population of the Temir district in the Aktobe region. The risk assessment of the effects of air pollution on public health revealed a tendency to deterioration in the health indicators of the children’s population. AIM: The research object was the population of the Temir district living near the oil and gas field Zhanazhol. METHODS: The work was carried out according to the risk assessment methodology described in the manual R 2.1.10-1920-04. The maximum non-carcinogenic risk due to exposure to chemicals in the air basin of residential areas was established for children from 0 to 6 years of age in the Temir district. RESULTS: A high risk of respiratory, blood, and cardiovascular diseases was observed. Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and carbon oxides contained in atmospheric air contribute to the risk of developing these diseases. The levels of carcinogenic risk to public health in the Temir district show that the maximum individual risk of oncological diseases is observed in the group of children. The risk of malignant neoplasms in adolescents is 1.2 times lower, in the male population – 1.4 times lower, on average, and in the female population – 1.3 times lower than in children. Public health risk analysis aims to select the best ways in a particular situation to eliminate or reduce risk associated with air pollution for the population. CONCLUSION: The methodology of a comprehensive health risk analysis is a promising and developing approach in the system of monitoring the quality of the human environment and assessing environmental hazards.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN THE AREA OF INTENSIVE USE OF THE ROAD-CAR COMPLEX

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga I. Kopytenkova ◽  
A. V. Levanchuk ◽  
G. B. Yeremin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
The Road ◽  
Combustion Processes

Introduction. The level of air pollution in the areas of traffic flows is influenced by fuel combustion processes. Among air pollutants, special attention should be paid to methane. Methane is formed during the combustion of liquid fuels and is a precursor of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is synthesized in the presence of catalysts. Its concentration exceeded the maximum permissible limits. The aim of the study is the hygienic assessment of additional aerogenic risk to public health due to formaldehyde, formed during the operation of the road-car complex (RCC). Material and methods. The calculation of the amount of methane entering the air during the operation of vehicles from fuel combustion is determined in accordance with the EMEP/EEA emission inventory Manual (2016).) The concentration of the studied pollutants is determined in accordance with the Order No. 273 of 06.062017 «Methods of calculation of dispersion of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances in the air». RCC is classified according to the intensity of traffic from 500 to 7,000 vehicles per hour. Risk calculation was carried out on the basis of guidance 2.1.10.1920-04 «Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health when exposed to chemicals that pollute the environment». The concentration of formaldehyde in ambient determined in accordance with the methodical instruction 4.1.1272-03. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Excel 2016 application package. Results. Methane (CH4) emission factors (mg/km), presented in the EMEP/EEA Manual, allowed determining the amount of methane emission (mg/s) per 1 km at different traffic intensities (auth./hour.) The obtained data were used to calculate the model concentrations of formaldehyde synthesized from methane. The calculated model concentrations were used to calculate additional carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk due to formaldehyde. Сonclusions. The gain in motorization of the population is accompanied by an increase in air pollution in the zone of influence of road transport. However, the emission inventory does not take into account the possible transformation of the pollutants making up the exhaust gases. Incomplete information does not allow using them to predict health risk levels based on model concentrations. The results obtained allowed obtaining information about the amount of additional carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks created in the process of transformation of methane into formaldehyde. The most unfavorable temperature regime (0-15oC) contributing to the synthesis and slowing down the decay of formaldehyde in the atmosphere along the roads was revealed.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT AIR AND NON-CARCINOGENIC RISK FOR PUBLIC HEALTH LIVING ON BORDER TERRITORIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
V.M. Boev ◽  
E.A. Kryazheva ◽  
L.Kh. Kudusova ◽  
D.A. Kryazhev ◽  
S.V. Perepelkin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Orenburg Region

The purpose of the research study was the identification and quantitative assessment of ambient air pollution with risk assessment to public health on the territories of the Orenburg region, bordering the Republic of Kazakhstan. A hygienic assessment of thirteen border municipalities of the Orenburg region was carried out in the paper. We conducted an ambient air analysis for 23 substances, which are under long-term dynamic observation and a non-carcinogenic risk to public health was calculated. It was established that the Western and Central parts of the border territories differing in the qualitative composition of pollutants have the highest level of anthropogenic air pollution. At the same time, the qualitative composition of pollutants in the Western part of the border territory is mainly represented by substances that originate from gas and oil refining facilities. Priority pollutants in the Central part of the border territory are substances that originate from non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy facilities. Climatic data analysis in the study territory has shown that conditions for the transboundary transfer of atmospheric pollution, both from Kazakhstan and from the Russian Federation can be created with certain meteorological parameters. Non-carcinogenic health risk analysis showed the probability of adverse effects development on organs and systems, as well as the probability of malignant neoplasms occurrence in the population living on the border territories. The study justifies and confirms the need to develop a system for monitoring and to assess the probability for transboundary transport of atmospheric pollution, as well as practical recommendations and preventive measures to reduce anthropogenic load.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT IN THE CITIES OF THE LENINGRAD REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Fedorov ◽  
N. A. Tikhonova ◽  
Yu. A. Novikova ◽  
A. A. Kovshov ◽  
O. A. Istorik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Outdoor Air Quality

Introduction. The evaluation of the contribution of enterprises to the formation of levels of air pollution and the directly associated public health risk is of particular relevance during the hygienic assessment of outdoor air quality in populated areas. In this case, the results of computer simulation of concentrations in atmospheric air in many cases differ significantly from the results of field studies (monitoring), which can lead to a significant distortion of the expected risk levels. In this regard, the stage of exposure (impact) assessment as one of the problematic stages of the risk assessment for public health can be considered. Material and methods. The object of the study was the level of air pollution in industrialized cities of the Leningrad Region - Vyborg, Kirishi, Tikhvin, Gatchina. There was delivered a list of priority enterprises-sources of air pollution in the studied cities, from the emissions of which the average annual air concentrations in populated areas were modeled. To assess the actual air pollution, the results of field studies (monitoring) for the period 2015-2017 were analyzed. Based on the results of the calculation of air pollution and field data, the calculation of chronic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to public health was performed. Results. In all the cities studied, no exceeding the permissible values of risk was found on the basis of calculated average annual values of pollutants generated from the emissions of enterprises. At the same time, similar calculations of risk, made on the basis of actual concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric air, according to long-term monitoring data, showed significantly higher values. The highest risk values, taking into account field data on the background level of atmospheric pollution, are typical for the cities of Kirishi and Vyborg, where the list of controlled pollutants is wider, due to including iron, cadmium, manganese and copper. These air pollutants can be considered a priority for the cities studied because of the unacceptably high level of non-carcinogenic risk caused by them. Conclusion. Unacceptably high levels of non-carcinogenic risk from background air pollution in the cities of Kirishi and Vyborg are due to iron, cadmium, and copper, which are practically absent in the emission structure of enterprises in these cities. It may be due, on the one hand, to insufficient consideration of the contribution of all potential sources (including motor transport), and on the other hand, to be a consequence of the inaccuracy of laboratory research techniques. It is advisable to pay attention to the problem of organizing the monitoring of air quality in populated areas, including with the above pollutants.

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