scholarly journals Nationalism of Nani Wartabone: Nation Character Building Foundation of Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Mursalat Kulap ◽  
Mr. Warto ◽  
Hermanu Joebagio
Keyword(s):  
Military Occupation ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Building Foundation ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
Character Building ◽  
Present Life ◽  
Dutch Colonial

Nani Wartabone is one of the Indonesian nationalist leaders who came from Gorontalo. Nationalism of Nani Wartabone implemented in the form of various movements of resistance against Dutch colonial rule, the Japanese military occupation, revolution in defending independence, until the threat of national disintegration Indonesia after independence. Nani Wartabones’ nationalism is not nationalism that leads to chauvinism, but a nationalism that has come from an egalitarian view and leaning on humanitarian aspects. Thus, nationalism of Nani Wartabone is very important if it is implemented in the present life as a cornerstone of the nation character building of Indonesia. This writing will analyze how the concept of Nani Wartabones’ nationalism, and its implementation in the present.

scholarly journals Rule of Law and Law Reform in Korea

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 49-79
Author(s):  
Joon-Hyung Hong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
American Military ◽  
Japanese Colonial

As a theater of historical experimentation, Korean society merits special attention. Economic and social transformations that unfolded over two centuries or more in Western societies and over more than a century in Japan have exploded in a far shorter time in Korea. Various features of Korean society are radically heterogeneous in origin: some echo feudal structures of the pre-modem Chosun Dynasty, which lasted through the 1890s. Others stem from institutions of Japanese colonial rule(1905-1945), from the American military occupation of 1945-1948, from the corrupt autocracy of Syngman Rhee(1948-1960) or from the "developmental dictatorships" that ruled Korea by military decree from 1961 until only a few years ago. In the quasi-pluralistic Korean society of today, a commerce-centered network of relations interacts with oligarchical structures deeply rooted in recent as well as remote history. Confronted with unprecedented challenges, internal and external, Korea presently is in a period of transition, groping its way toward democratization while trying to maintain momentum for sustained economic development.

Legal Incompetence

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-121
Author(s):  
Nurfadzilah Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Equal Status ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Netherlands Indies ◽  
The One ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This chapter explores the jurisdictional problems that Arab populations experienced under Dutch colonial rule. The one thing that the Dutch feared above all else was not the slippage of Arab identity into the category of “Natives” but rather the possible equation of Arabs with themselves, Europeans. The possibility of fluid jurisdictions horrified Dutch authorities. The chapter examines the attempt by the Arab elite in the Netherlands Indies to appeal to Ottoman protection as subjects potentially led to a paradigm of diplomacy in the colony that inadvertently allowed some colonial subjects more latitude than the Dutch colonialists intended for them since they certainly did not possess equal status. The chapter also discusses how the Arab affairs — and one might even argue Muslim affairs in general — remained to some extent in Arab hands in the Netherlands Indies through the symbiotic relationships between colonial officials and the Arab elite.

scholarly journals Between trust and violence: medical encounters under Japanese military occupation during the War in China (1937–1945)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-515
Author(s):  
Reut Harari
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Local Population ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
The Military

AbstractDuring the War in China (1937–1945), the Japanese military combined warfare with the maintenance of a military occupation. To sustain its tentative grasp over the occupied territories, the Japanese military vied to cultivate trust among the local population. This was a challenging task in the midst of a violent war which as many historical works described was accompanied by brutal war crimes. A less explored aspect of the occupation was medical care. This article unfolds this history by analysing medical encounters between Japanese military medics and military affiliated agents, and members of the local population in the rural Chinese countryside. Testimonies reveal that these encounters – some spontaneous and others deliberate – were small moments of humanity and benevolence within a violent environment. Concomitantly, they demonstrate the overarching tension in this unequal encounter and the use of medicine as a pacifying tool that also served as means to build and maintain the occupation through the transference of medical trust towards the military at large. Thus, this article presents a different aspect of the role of trust and distrust in medical care, as well as expanding the analysis of medicine as a ‘tool of empire’ to the context of military occupation.

scholarly journals Dutch Colonial Containment of Islam in Manggarai, West-Flores, in Favour of Catholicism, 1907-1942

2013 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Steenbrink
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Dutch Colonial

Abstract West Flores or Manggarai was until 1900 known as territory of the Muslim Sultan of Bima. In 1907 the Dutch effectively took possession of the region and after 1910 they entrusted the introduction of schools to the Catholic missionaries. The coastal Muslim settlements were neglected in favour of the mountain region, where finally one local chief, mission-educated Alexander Baroek became the most important native counterpart of the colonial rule. The ties with Bima were formally broken in the 1920s. Herewith Catholicism gained political and social influence to the detriment of the expansion of Islam and Manggarai joined the rest of Flores to become a majority Catholic society. There was no overall strategy to destroy Muslim influence, but it was simply the result of a longer chain of not always related decisions. This choice was in line with the colonial strategy of creating a prosperous Flores.

IMAGINING JAPANESE AS A MUSLIM: THE NARRATIVE OF NON-OPPOSITIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN JAPANESE CULTURE AND ISLAMIC VALUES WITHIN MULIYATUN N.’S “AKATSUKI”

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himawan Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Military Occupation ◽  
Japanese Culture ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
Romantic Novel ◽  
Positive Images ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Islamic Values

Within the so many positive images of Japan produced and reproduced in Indonesia, there seems to be a convention to portray the relationship between Japanese culture and Islamic values as an oppositional one. This is evident in the depiction of the clash between the two in various stories of the Japanese Military Occupation Period in Indonesia, as well as in Indonesian Islamic literary works until the 2000s. However, through her Islamic-romantic novel “Akatsuki” (2009, 2012, 2017) Muliyatun N., by creating a story that entirely takes place in Japan and with all Japanese characters, depicts Japanese culture and Islamic values relations as non-oppositional and non-confrontational. This paper first describes the depiction of Japanese culture-Islamic values relations within “Akatsuki”. Furthermore, by considering contexts lingering the production of the novel, it analyzes how the “Akatsuki” marks the shift in Indonesian Muslim’s perception towards Japan in the decade of 2010s. My argument is that this shift is in line with the trends of creating a global and successful image of Muslims through literary works, and the recent development of the relationship between Japan and Islamic world.

Analyzing Collective Violence in Indonesia: An Overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Varshney
Keyword(s):  
East Timor ◽  
New Order ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Japanese Military ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Primary School Age ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Military

In 2001, using violent junctures in the life of a seventy-year-old Indonesian as a metaphor for the whole nation, Benedict Anderson summarized the history of violence in Indonesia in a poignant manner:A seventy year old Indonesian woman or man today will have observed and/or directly experienced the following: as a primary school age child, the police-state authoritarianism of … Dutch colonial rule …; as a young teenager, the wartime Japanese military regime, which regularly practiced torture in private and executions in public …; on the eve of adulthood, four years (1945–49) of popular struggle for national liberation … at the cost of hundreds of thousands of lives; as a young mother or father … the cataclysm of 1965–66, when at least 600,000 and perhaps as many as two million people … were slaughtered by the military; in the middle age, the New Order police-state, and its bloody attempt to annex East Timor, which cost over 200,000 East Timorese lives …; in old age, the spread of armed resistance in … Aceh and West Papua, the savage riots of May 1998 … and … the outbreak of ruthless internecine confessional warfare in the long peaceful Moluccas. (Anderson 2001, 9–10)

scholarly journals No Independence without Sovereignty! The Resistance of Emperor Ḫaylä Śǝllase I to the British Occupation of Ethiopia (1941–1944)

Aethiopica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 46-74
Author(s):  
Sterling Joseph Coleman, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
British Occupation ◽  
Flexible Response ◽  
British Military

This article examines how Emperor Ḫaylä Śǝllase I succeeded in removing the British military occupation of Ethiopia during World War II with only a minimum of bloodshed. It outlines the various strategies and tactics the Emperor of Ethiopia employed to regain control over his empire. The text also asserts that he engaged in a pre-Cold War variant of the policy of flexible response which permitted him to resist British military rule without provoking a violent response from his occupier. The text highlights a handful of the numerous tactics and strategies which were employed by indigenous leaders and their allies not only in Africa but also throughout the developing world to successfully resist European colonial rule during and after World War II.

The Ottoman Press and the Dutch East Indies at the beginning of the twentieth century

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Erol Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Dutch Colonial

AbstractAround the start of the twentieth century articles which were critical of Dutch colonial rule and its treatment of Muslim subjects in the East Indies appeared in certain Ottoman newspapers. For the Dutch, who had not yet been able to fully establish control within the borders of their colony, such inflammatory material was not desirable, especially given the fact that these newspapers had a readership among the colonized Muslims. The Dutch tried to prevent these publications, regarding them as the product of the pan-Islamist attitude of the Porte, a suspicion encouraged by Abdülhamid II's apparent behind-the-scenes support for such Ottoman newspapers.

‘A Conglomeration of […] often Conflicting Ideas’: Resolving the ‘Native Question’ in Java and the Outer Islands in the Dutch East Indies, 1900-1925

Itinerario ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 160-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost Coté
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This paper examines Dutch colonial discourse as it was developing at the beginning of the twentieth century. I argue that colonial circumstances were changing at the beginning of the twentieth century in many aspects - economic, political, social - and that these changes required new policy and administrative responses. I take as examples of these changing colonial conditions and responses, two episodes in the history of ‘the late colonial state’, which I argue are both representative of and formative in shaping, colonial policy in the last decades of Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia.

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