scholarly journals Globin Digest Improves Visceral Adiposity Through UCP1 Upregulation in Diet-Induced Obese Zebrafish and Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqing Zang ◽  
Yasuhito Shimada ◽  
Hiroko Nakayama ◽  
Izumi Matsuoka ◽  
Youngil Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Ucp1 Expression ◽  
Mouse Obesity ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Globin digest (GD), a bioactive oligopeptide derived from porcine hemoglobin proteins, has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on improving postprandial hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and liver injury. We previously reported the lipid-lowering effects of GD using a zebrafish obesogenic test. Here, we sought to evaluate the effect of GD on visceral adiposity and the underlying molecular mechanisms using zebrafish and mouse obesity models. GD ameliorated dyslipidemia and suppressed the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in adult obese zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing of GD-treated adult zebrafish revealed that GD upregulated UCP1-related pathways. Further, we performed mouse experiments and found that GD intake (2 mg/g body weight/day) was associated with lowered plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels, decreased VAT accumulation, and improved adipocyte hypertrophy with the upregulation of Ucp1 expression in white adipose tissue at both the mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, these results indicate that GD improves visceral adiposity by upregulating UCP1 expression, providing a novel perspective on combating obesity.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Bariatric Surgery-Induced by Weight Loss on the Proteome of Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Bárbara María Varela-Rodríguez ◽  
Paula Juiz-Valiña ◽  
Luis Varela ◽  
Elena Outeiriño-Blanco ◽  
Susana Belén Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective treatment for obesity and has a positive impact on cardiometabolic risk and in the remission of type 2 diabetes. Following BS, the majority of fat mass is lost from the subcutaneous adipose tissue depot (SAT). However, the changes in this depot and functions and as well as its relative contribution to the beneficial effects of this surgery are still controversial. With the aim of studying altered proteins and molecular pathways in abdominal SAT (aSAT) after body weight normalization induced by BS, we carried out a proteomic approach sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) analysis. These results were complemented by Western blot, electron microscopy and RT-qPCR. With all of the working tools mentioned, we confirmed that after BS, up-regulated proteins were associated with metabolism, the citric acid cycle and respiratory electron transport, triglyceride catabolism and metabolism, formation of ATP, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and thermogenesis among others. In contrast, proteins with decreased values are part of the biological pathways related to the immune system. We also confirmed that obesity caused a significant decrease in mitochondrial density and coverage, which was corrected by BS. Together, these findings reveal specific molecular mechanisms, genes and proteins that improve adipose tissue function after BS characterized by lower inflammation, increased glucose uptake, higher insulin sensitivity, higher de novo lipogenesis, increased mitochondrial function and decreased adipocyte size.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation with fish gelatine modifies nutrient intake and leads to sex-dependent responses in TAG and C-reactive protein levels of insulin-resistant subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éliane Picard-Deland ◽  
Charles Lavigne ◽  
Julie Marois ◽  
Julie Bisson ◽  
S. John Weisnagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Pufa Supplement

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that fish protein, as well as marine n-3 PUFA, may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk profile. The objectives of this study were to investigate the combined effects of fish gelatine (FG) and n-3 PUFA supplementation on (1) energy intake and body weight, (2) lipid profile and (3) inflammatory and CVD markers in free-living insulin-resistant males and females. Subjects were asked to consume, in a crossover study design with two experimental periods of 8 weeks each, an n-3 PUFA supplement and n-3 PUFA supplement plus FG (n-3 PUFA + FG). n-3 PUFA + FG led to an increase in protein intake and a decrease in carbohydrate intake compared with n-3 PUFA (P < 0·02) in males and females. Sex–treatment interactions were observed for TAG (P = 0·03) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (P = 0·001) levels. In females, n-3 PUFA reduced plasma TAG by 8 % and n-3 PUFA + FG by 23 %, whereas in males, n-3 PUFA reduced plasma TAG by 25 % and n-3 PUFA + FG by 11 %. n-3 PUFA increased serum hsCRP by 13 % and n-3 PUFA + FG strongly reduced hsCRP by 40 % in males, whereas in females, n-3 PUFA reduced serum hsCRP by 6 % and n-3 PUFA + FG increased hsCRP by 20 %. In conclusion, supplementation with FG may enhance the lipid-lowering effect of marine n-3 PUFA in females and beneficially counteract the effect of n-3 PUFA on serum hsCRP in males. Further studies are needed to identify the sex-dependent mechanisms responsible for the divergent effects of FG on TAG and hsCRP levels in females and males, respectively.

scholarly journals The Protective Actions of Exercise on Bone Formation, the Relationship between FNDC5/Irisin and Autophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Qunhua Jin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Consequent Increase

Most researchers have recognized the beneficial effects of exercise on bone formation in the organism. Irisin released from muscles is considered to be the link between muscles and other organs, and its main function is to change subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue, with a consequent increase in thermogenesis. Irisin can regulate glucose metabolism, bone metabolic homeostasis, and systemic inflammatory response

scholarly journals Echocardiographic Assessment of Epicardial Adipose Tissue - A Marker of Visceral Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navneet Singh ◽  
Harleen Singh ◽  
Harleen K Khanijoun ◽  
Gianluca Iacobellis
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Echocardiographic Assessment ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Visceral adipose tissue predicts an unfavorable cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in humans. Existing methods to assess visceral adipose tissue have been limited. Thus, echocardiographic assessment of epicardial adipose tissue as a marker of visceral adiposity was suggested. The technique has been shown to be a very reliable method and an excellent measure of visceral adiposity. In this article, epicardial adipose tissue's localization on the heart, function, method of assessment and reliability as a marker of visceral adiposity is briefly reviewed. Areas of the technique requiring further study are identified.

scholarly journals Visceral Adiposity Associates With Malnutrition Risk Determined by Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool in Cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Mingyu Sun ◽  
Gaoyue Guo ◽  
Wanting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Royal Free Hospital ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Adipose Tissue ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Mounting evidence has suggested the clinical significance of body composition abnormalities in the context of cirrhosis. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between visceral adiposity and malnutrition risk in 176 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. The adiposity parameters were obtained by computed tomography (CT) as follows: total adipose tissue index (TATI), visceral adipose tissue index (VATI), subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI), and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio (VSR). Malnutrition risk was screened using Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT). Visceral adiposity was determined given a higher VSR based on our previously established cutoffs. Multivariate analysis implicated that male gender (OR = 2.884, 95% CI: 1.360–6.115, p = 0.006), BMI (OR = 0.879, 95% CI: 0.812–0.951, P = 0.001), albumin (OR = 0.934, 95% CI: 0.882–0.989, P = 0.019), and visceral adiposity (OR = 3.413, 95% CI: 1.344–8.670, P = 0.010) were independent risk factors of malnutrition risk. No significant difference was observed regarding TATI, SATI, and VATI among patients with low or moderate and high risk of malnutrition. In contrast, the proportion of male patients embracing visceral adiposity was higher in high malnutrition risk group compared with that in low or moderate group (47.27 vs. 17.86%, p = 0.009). Moreover, this disparity was of borderline statistical significance in women (19.05 vs. 5.88%, p = 0.061). Assessing adipose tissue distribution might potentiate the estimation of malnutrition risk in cirrhotics. It is pivotal to recognize visceral adiposity and develop targeted therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhiaa A Taha ◽  
Ellen K Wasan ◽  
Kishor M Wasan ◽  
Pavel Gershkovich
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Lowering Activity

Consumption of plant sterols/ stanols has long been demonstrated to reduce plasma cholesterol levels. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the lipid-lowering activity and anti-atherogenic effects of natural and semi-synthetic plant sterols/ stanols based on evidence from cell-culture studies, animal studies and clinical trials. Additionally, this review highlights certain molecular mechanisms by which plant sterols/ stanols lower plasma cholesterol levels with a special emphasis on factors that affect the cholesterol-lowering activity of plant sterols/stanols. The crystalline nature and the poor oil solubility of these natural products could be important factors that limit their cholesterol-lowering efficiency. Several attempts have been made to improve the cholesterol-lowering activity by enhancing the bioavailability of crystalline sterols and stanols. Approaches involved reduction of the crystal size and/or esterification with fatty acids from vegetable or fish oils. However, the most promising approach in this context is the chemical modification of plant sterols /stanols into water soluble disodium ascorbyl phytostanyl phosphates analogue by esterification with ascorbic acid. This novel semi-synthetic stanol derivative has improved efficacy over natural plant sterols/ stanols and can provide additional benefits by combining the cholesterol-lowering properties of plant stanols with the antioxidant potential of ascorbic acid. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Lipid Profiling Reveals Browning Heterogeneity of White Adipose Tissue by Β3-Adrenergic Stimulation

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping He ◽  
Biyu Hou ◽  
Yanliang Li ◽  
Chunyang Xu ◽  
Peng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Lipid Profiling ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: White adipose tissue (WAT) browning confers beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. However, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is not as susceptible to browning as subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Aim: Interpreting the heterogeneity of VAT and SAT in brown remodeling and provide promising lipid targets to promote WAT browning. Methods: We first investigated the effects of β3-adrenergic stimulation by CL316,243 on systemic metabolism. Then, high-coverage targeted lipidomics approach with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was utilized to provide extensive detection of lipid metabolites in VAT and SAT. Results: CL316,243 notably ameliorated the systemic metabolism and induced brown remodeling of SAT but browning resistance of VAT. Comprehensive lipidomics analysis revealed browning heterogeneity of VAT and SAT with more dramatic alteration of lipid classes and species in VAT rather than SAT, though VAT is resistant to browning. Adrenergic stimulation differentially affected glycerides content in VAT and SAT and boosted the abundance of more glycerophospholipids species in VAT than in SAT. Besides, CL316,243 increased sphingolipids in VAT without changes in SAT, meanwhile, elevated cardiolipin species more prominently in VAT than in SAT. Conclusions: We demonstrated the browning heterogeneity of WAT and identified potential lipid biomarkers which may provide lipid targets for overcoming VAT browning resistance.

Abstract P206: Estimation of Directly Quantified Visceral Adipose Tissue Using Cardiometabolic Biomarkers

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M Powell-Wiley ◽  
Josh Hasan ◽  
Parasuram Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Elizabeth Weiner ◽  
Jenny Dave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Linear Regression Modeling ◽  
Inferior Border ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been linked to increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Furthermore, there is limited data on how anthropometric measures and known markers of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) relate to the presence of VAT. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define how CMD biomarkers relate to directly-quantified volume-based measures of VAT using computed tomography (CT) scan measurements in a well-phenotyped sample of patients from an ongoing cohort study of inflammation and CMD. Methods and Results: We evaluated the relationship between directly measured VAT, anthropometric measures [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)] and CMD biomarkers [lipoproteins, lipoprotein particle size, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), insulin resistance markers] in a longitudinal study of CV risk predictors in chronic inflammation (NCT: NCT01778569). Patients underwent blood testing and CT to measure the sum of visceral adipose tissue between the diaphragm and the inferior border of the urinary bladder (slice 50-150 SumVAT) during a single baseline visit in 2012-2013 (N=42), resulting in a validated, volume-based measurement of VAT. Linear regression modeling was used to understand the relationship between VAT, anthropometric measures and CMD biomarkers. Those with higher levels of visceral adiposity were more likely to be male (p=0.05) and have higher BMI. Adjusting for age, sex, race, physical activity, smoking, and CV risk factors, HDL, hsCRP, insulin, and HOMA-IR were independent predictors of 50-150 SumVAT (Table). Conclusions: Markers of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance serve as independent predictors of visceral adiposity and may be useful surrogates to estimate VAT when volume-based CT measures are not possible. Therefore, these biomarkers may be used to evaluate cardio-metabolic risk in areas with limited access to imaging for defining visceral adiposity, particularly community-based settings.

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