scholarly journals Assessment of methods of purification of corynebacterium  allergen with definition of concentration and its   experimental application

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
M. O. Baratov ◽  
Z. M. Dzhambulatov ◽  
O. P. Sakidibirov ◽  
B. M.-S. Gadzhiyev ◽  
G. A. Dzhabarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Protein Precipitation ◽  
Threshold Sensitivity ◽  
Sodium Hexametaphosphate ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Unit Of Action

Aim: Search for an effective method for obtaining bacterial protein and determining  the optimal concentration for identification of specific types.   Material and Methods. Using the example of a C. xerosis N 1911 reference strain  grown on a nutrient medium improved by us, methods were investigated of protein  precipitation with sodium chloride, ammonium sulphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, trichloroacetic acid and polyethylene glycol. The threshold sensitivity of the  allergen in six different cultures was determined in tests on 24 guinea pigs infected  with corynebaсteria. Biological activity was studied in cultures from 36 guinea pigs  infected with M. BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine), M. avium, C. xerosis N  1911, C. ulcerans N 675 and C. bovis, as well as 3 rabbits infected with Corynebacterium xerosis. Results. Comparative testing of five protein precipitation methods was carried out.  When using ammonium sulphate as a precipitant relatively high results were obtained at a salt concentration of 30% and a pH of at least 5.8. More significant protein precipitation occurred at the isoelectric point of sodium chloride at pH 3.9. It  was noted that trichloroacetic acid and sodium hexametaphosphate had insignificant  precipitating properties while there was none with polyethylene glycol. The threshold sensitivity (0.00005 mg in 0.1 ml) and allergen unit of action (0.0003 mg) were  established. Intensity of skin reaction to sensitin homologous to infection was detected. Conclusions. The data obtained revealed the optimal method of protein precipitation, the unit of action of the corynebacterium allergens, and expanded the understanding of the mechanisms of the sensitization of the macro‐organism to tuberculin.  

Development, Evaluation and Optimization of Osmotic Controlled Tablets of Aceclofenac for Rheumatoid Arthritis Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Bijaya Ghosh ◽  
Niraj Mishra ◽  
Preeta Bose ◽  
Moumita D. Kirtania
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 400 ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Cumulative Release ◽  
The Core

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is a dreaded disease, characterized by pain, inflammation and stiffness of joints, leading to severe immobility problems. The disease shows circadian variation and usually gets aggravated in early morning hours. Aceclofenac, a BCS Class II compound is routinely used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The objective of this study was to develop an osmotic delivery system of Aceclofenac that after administration at bedtime would deliver the drug in the morning hours. </P><P> Methods: A series of osmotically controlled systems of aceclofenac was developed by using lactose, sodium chloride and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K100M as osmogens. Cellulose acetate (2% w/v in acetone) with varying concentrations of polyethylene glycol-400 was used as the coating polymer to create semi permeable membrane and dissolution was carried out in 290 mOsm phosphate buffer. Formulation optimization was done from four considerations: cumulative release at the end of 6 hours (lag time), cumulative release at the end of 7 hours (burst time), steady state release rate and completeness of drug release. </P><P> Results: A formulation having swelling polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in the core and lactose and sodium chloride as osmogens, polyethylene glycol-400 (16.39 %) as pore former, with a coating weight of 5% was a close fit to the target release profile and was chosen as the optimum formulation. Conclusion: Aceclofenac tablets containing lactose, HPMC and sodium chloride in the core, given a coating of cellulose acetate and PEG-400 (5% wt gain), generated a release profile for optimum management of rheumatoid arthritic pain.

scholarly journals MOMORDICA CHARANTIA NANO DRY POWDER ORAL FORMULATION IN CONTROLLING HISTAMINE-INDUCED BRONCHOSPASM

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
KARTHIKA P ◽  
BHUVANESWARI K ◽  
BALACHANDER R
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Oral Formulation ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Variance Test ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Per Oral

Objective: Momordica charantia (MC) (bitter gourd) is known traditionally to possess medicinal values. This edible vegetable is known for its anti-inflammatory properties and has been studied for its bronchospasm preventive action. With the recent development in nanoformulations, this study was done to identify the effectiveness of MC nanoformulation in comparison to crude MC formulation in protecting animal from histamine-induced bronchospasm. Methods: The optimized MC nanoformulation was prepared with polyethylene glycol and soy phosphatidylcholine. The MC crude powder was prepared by drying in hot air oven and grinding in a blender. Eight guinea pigs of both sexes were given once daily MC nanoformulation per oral by mixing with water for 7 days. Evaluation of the formulation was done on the 2nd, 4th, and 6th h on day 1 and day 7 after administration of MC for protection in developing pre-convulsive dyspnea due to histamine-induced bronchospasm. Results: An analysis of variance test revealed statistically significant results in the protection of animals from developing bronchospasm after treatment with the MC nanoformulation in comparison to the control values. About 75% of animals were protected from developing bronchospasm on day 7 attributing to the cumulative effect of nanoformulation. Conclusion: The study proved that the MC nanoformulation could effectively prevent histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs.

Inhibition of Bacterial Histamine Production by Sorbate and other Antimicrobial Agents

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 508-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVE L. TAYLOR ◽  
MARCI W. SPECKHARD
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Sodium Hexametaphosphate ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Sodium Polyphosphate ◽  
Histamine Production

Potassium sorbate at a concentration of 0.5% inhibited growth and histamine production by selected strains of Proteus morganii and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a trypticase-soy broth fortified with histidine (TSBH medium). At 32°C, the inhibition was effective for up to 120 h of incubation; at 10°C, the inhibition was observed through 216 h of incubation. Sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium polyphosphate did not inhibit growth of these histamine-producing bacteria at 32°C, but did slow the rate of histamine production at the 2% level. The extent of reduction of bacterial histamine production by sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium polyphosphate was most pronounced for P. morganii. Sodium chloride at levels up to 2.0% was ineffective in preventing bacterial growth and histamine production.

scholarly journals Sub 3 nm particle size and composition dependent response of a nano-CPC battery

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 8855-8887
Author(s):  
J. Kangasluoma ◽  
C. Kuang ◽  
D. Wimmer ◽  
M. P. Rissanen ◽  
K. Lehtipalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Activation Efficiency

Abstract. In this study we built a nano-CPC battery, consisting of four ultrafine CPCs optimized for the detection of sub 3 nm particles. Two of the CPCs use diethylene glycol as a working fluid: a laminar type diethlylene glycol CPC and a mixing type Airmodus A09 Particle Size Magnifier. The other two CPCs are a laminar type TSI 3025A and a TSI 3786 with butanol and water as the working fluids, respectively. The nano-CPC battery was calibrated with seven different test aerosols: tetra heptyl ammonium bromide, ammonium sulphate, sodium chloride, tungsten oxide, sucrose, candle flame products and limonene ozonolysis products. The results show that ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride have a higher activation efficiency with the water-based 3786 than with the butanol-based 3025A, whereas the other aerosols were activated better with butanol than with water as the working fluid. It is worthwhile to mention that limonene ozonolysis products were detected very poorly with all of the CPCs, butanol being the best fluid to activate the oxidation products. To explore how the detection efficiency is affected if the aerosol is an internal mixture of two different chemical substances, we made the first attempt to control the mixing state of sub 3 nm laboratory generated aerosol. We show that we generated an internally mixed aerosol of ammonium sulphate nucleated onto tungsten oxide seed particles, and observed that the activation efficiency of the internally mixed clusters was a function of the internal mixture composition.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Physiological Characteristics of Wheat Seedlings Influenced by Iso-Osmotic Stresses from Polyethylene Glycol and Sodium Chloride

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Chiu-Yueh Lan ◽  
Kuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Chun-Liang Chen ◽  
Wen-Dar Huang ◽  
Chang-Chang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Level 2

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar Taichung SEL.2 (TCS2) is a salt-tolerance variety, but the mechanism involved remains unclear. This study aims to distinguish between the non-ionic osmotic and salt-mediated physiological effects on TCS2. Osmotic agents polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were applied at three iso-osmotic levels, level 1 containing 24% (w/v) PEG and 200 mM NaCl, level 2 containing 26.5% (w/v) PEG and 250 mM NaCl), and level 3 containing 29% (w/v) PEG and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. According to the investigation of chlorophyll fluorescence in the better NaCl-treated seedlings, maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) and significant higher effective quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) at level 3 were observed. Meanwhile, the non-photochemical quenching of PSII (NPQ) and the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation of PSII [Y(NPQ)] were significantly higher in the NaCl-treated seedlings, and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation of PSII [Y(NO)] in the NaCl-treated seedlings was lower than the PEG-treated ones at level 2 and level 3. Furthermore, the less extensive degradation of photosynthetic pigments, the better ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and the less accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also observed in NaCl-treated seedlings. In the morphological traits, shoot elongation in NaCl-treated seedlings was also preserved. These results suggest that TCS2 is more resistant to NaCl-induced osmotic stress than to the PEG-induced stress. This study contributes to plant breeder interest in drought- and/or salt-tolerant wheat varieties.

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