Sub 3 nm particle size and composition dependent response of a nano-CPC battery

Abstract. In this study we built a nano-CPC battery, consisting of four ultrafine CPCs optimized for the detection of sub 3 nm particles. Two of the CPCs use diethylene glycol as a working fluid: a laminar type diethlylene glycol CPC and a mixing type Airmodus A09 Particle Size Magnifier. The other two CPCs are a laminar type TSI 3025A and a TSI 3786 with butanol and water as the working fluids, respectively. The nano-CPC battery was calibrated with seven different test aerosols: tetra heptyl ammonium bromide, ammonium sulphate, sodium chloride, tungsten oxide, sucrose, candle flame products and limonene ozonolysis products. The results show that ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride have a higher activation efficiency with the water-based 3786 than with the butanol-based 3025A, whereas the other aerosols were activated better with butanol than with water as the working fluid. It is worthwhile to mention that limonene ozonolysis products were detected very poorly with all of the CPCs, butanol being the best fluid to activate the oxidation products. To explore how the detection efficiency is affected if the aerosol is an internal mixture of two different chemical substances, we made the first attempt to control the mixing state of sub 3 nm laboratory generated aerosol. We show that we generated an internally mixed aerosol of ammonium sulphate nucleated onto tungsten oxide seed particles, and observed that the activation efficiency of the internally mixed clusters was a function of the internal mixture composition.

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Sub-3 nm particle size and composition dependent response of a nano-CPC battery

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-7-689-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 689-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

J. Kangasluoma ◽

C. Kuang ◽

D. Wimmer ◽

M. P. Rissanen ◽

K. Lehtipalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Tungsten Oxide ◽

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Detection Efficiency ◽

The Other ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Working Fluid ◽

Ammonium Bromide ◽

Activation Efficiency

Abstract. In this study we built a nano-CPC (condensation particle counter) battery, consisting of four ultrafine CPCs optimized for the detection of sub-3 nm particles. Two of the CPCs use diethylene glycol as a working fluid: a laminar type diethlylene glycol CPC and a mixing type Airmodus A09 particle size magnifier. The other two CPCs are a laminar type TSI 3025A and a TSI 3786 with butanol and water as the working fluids, respectively. The nano-CPC battery was calibrated with seven different test aerosols: tetraheptyl ammonium bromide, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, tungsten oxide, sucrose, candle flame products and limonene ozonolysis products. The results show that ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride have a higher activation efficiency with the water-based 3786 than with the butanol-based 3025A, whereas the other aerosols were activated better with butanol than with water as the working fluid. It is worthwhile to mention that sub-2 nm limonene ozonolysis products were detected very poorly with all of the CPCs, butanol being the best fluid to activate the oxidation products. To explore how the detection efficiency is affected if the aerosol is an internal mixture of two different chemical substances, we made the first attempt to control the mixing state of sub-3 nm laboratory generated aerosol. We show that we generated an internally mixed aerosol of ammonium sulfate nucleated onto tungsten oxide seed particles, and observed that the activation efficiency of the internally mixed clusters was a function of the internal mixture composition.

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SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOPARTIKEL KITOSAN – EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia Mangostana)

Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia ◽

10.29122/jsti.v14i3.925 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Eriawan Rismana ◽

Susi Kusumaningrum ◽

Olivia Bunga P ◽

Idah Rosidah ◽

Marhamah Marhamah

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽

Chitosan Solution ◽

The Other ◽

Ionic Gelation ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Particle Size Analyzer ◽

Cadmium Lead ◽

Solvent Residue ◽

Mold And Yeast

The chitosan – Garcinia Mangostana extract nanoparticles has been prepared by ionic gelation reaction by mixture 0.2 % chitosan solution in acetic acid with Garcinia Mangostana extract and it’s continued by reaction process with 0.1 % sodium tripolyphosphate. The particle size of material was determined by Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) that it showed in the range of 200 – 500 nm. The color, pH, water, α- mangostin, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead, totally microbe aerobic, totally mold and yeast, and solvent residue contents of nanoparticles were also examined by many methods that these resulted are yellow, 4.50 – 5.50, 89 – 90 %, 1.05 %, < 0.005 ppm, < 0.01 ppm, < 0.01 ppm, < 0.05 ppm, < 10 CFU/g, < 10 CFU/g and not detected, respectively. The other characterization was also observed that it’sincluded stability andTLC chromatogram. A mixture of nanoparticles with cosmetics bases was showed that it’s increased stability, homogeneity and easy to formed.

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CHARACTERISTICS AND ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE OF FORMULATED TRIKOTAC FILTER AIDS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v81.12662 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

Author(s):

N. Masdiana ◽

M. Rashid ◽

S. Hajar ◽

M. R. Ammar

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Particle Density ◽

Adsorption Properties ◽

The Other ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Adsorption Performance ◽

Filtration System ◽

Filter Aids ◽

The Relationship

TrikotAC filter aids is a combination of a pre-coating material PreKot™ with two adsorbents; activated carbon and lime and their characteristics were investigated in this study. TrikotAC was formulated into three different weight ratios of 5:1:94, 10:1:89 and 10:5:85, respectively. The relationship between adsorption properties and characteristics of the formulated materials particle size distribution, particle density, bulk density, and BET surface area were investigated. The results showed that the adsorption capacity for TrikotAC 10:5:85 (11.88 mg/g) was higher than for the other formulated filter aids samples, and the formulated filter aids material TrikotAC showed promising characteristic as a filter aids and adsorbent for organic compound in fabric filtration system.

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ZnWO4 Nanoparticle Scintillators for High Resolution X-ray Imaging

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10091721 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1721

Author(s):

Heon Yong Jeong ◽

Hyung San Lim ◽

Ju Hyuk Lee ◽

Jun Heo ◽

Hyun Nam Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

High Resolution ◽

Tungsten Oxide ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

High Spatial Resolution ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Average Size ◽

And Tungsten

The effect of scintillator particle size on high-resolution X-ray imaging was studied using zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) particles. The ZnWO4 particles were fabricated through a solid-state reaction between zinc oxide and tungsten oxide at various temperatures, producing particles with average sizes of 176.4 nm, 626.7 nm, and 2.127 μm; the zinc oxide and tungsten oxide were created using anodization. The spatial resolutions of high-resolution X-ray images, obtained from utilizing the fabricated particles, were determined: particles with the average size of 176.4 nm produced the highest spatial resolution. The results demonstrate that high spatial resolution can be obtained from ZnWO4 nanoparticle scintillators that minimize optical diffusion by having a particle size that is smaller than the emission wavelength.

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New uses for brick-making clay materials from the Bailén area (southern Spain)

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/000985598545750 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 453-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

I. Gonzalez ◽

E. Galan ◽

A. Miras ◽

P. Aparicio

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Iron Oxides ◽

Raw Materials ◽

The Other ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Other Hand ◽

Floor Tiles ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Clay Materials

AbstractAn attempt has been made to assess new potential applications for the Bailén clays, traditionally used for manufacturing bricks, based on mineralogical, chemical, particle size, plasticity and firing results. Raw materials and mixtures used by the local factory were selected and tested with the addition of some diatomite, feldspar or kaolin. Based on their properties, clay materials from Bailén might be suitable for making porous red wall tiles, clinker, vitrified red floor tiles and porous light-coloured wall tiles by pressing; the first could be manufactured from the raw materials and mixtures currently used by the local manufactures. On the other hand, stoneware shaped by extrusion, such as perforated bricks, facing bricks and roofing tiles, can be also manufactured from the mixtures used at the factory if they contain 20-25% carbonate and small amounts of iron oxides; lightweight bricks require black and yellow clays with diatomite.

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Biases Associated with Four Stream Substrate Samplers

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f91-223 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 1882-1886 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Michael K. Young ◽

Wayne A. Hubert ◽

Thomas A. Wesche

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

The Other ◽

Substrate Composition ◽

Mean Particle Size ◽

Core Samples ◽

Freeze Core ◽

Single Probe ◽

Core Sampler ◽

Stream Substrate

We compared samples collected from 10 substrates of various compositions with a single-probe freeze-core sampler, a triple-probe freeze-core sampler, a McNeil sampler, and a shovel. The accuracy with which these devices sampled particles larger than 50 mm in diameter varied; they were oversampled by the freeze-core devices, sampled in proportion to their availability by a shovel, and sampled inconsistently by the McNeil sampler. The geometric mean particle size and variance of single-probe freeze-core samples consistently exceeded those of samples collected with the other devices. Most sample means also exceeded the test substrate means. By excluding the proportions of particles larger than 50 mm in diameter in our analyses, we found that proportions of several particles sizes in samples collected by different methods differed significantly from the actual proportions in test substrates. There were few differences between the single- and triple-probe freeze-core samples or between McNeil and shovel samples. All four samplers were biased, but the McNeil sampler most frequently produced samples that approximated the true substrate composition.

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Impact of Tetrapeptide-FSEY on Oxidative and Physical Stability of Hazelnut Oil-In-Water Emulsion

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1400

Author(s):

Chenshan Shi ◽

Miaomiao Liu ◽

Qinghua Ma ◽

Tiantian Zhao ◽

Lisong Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Test System ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Hazelnut Oil ◽

Secondary Oxidation ◽

Antioxidant Additive ◽

Water Emulsion ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Oil In Water Emulsion

This study investigates the antioxidant behaviors of a hazelnut tetrapeptide, FSEY (Phe-Ser-Glu-Tyr), in an oil-in-water emulsion. The emulsion was prepared with stripped hazelnut oil at a ratio of 10%. O/W emulsions, both with and without antioxidants (FSEY and TBHQ), were incubated at 37 °C. The chemical stabilities, including those of free radicals and primary and secondary oxidation productions, along with the physical stabilities, which include particle size, zeta-potential, color, pH, and ΔBS, were analyzed. Consequently, FSEY displayed excellent antioxidant behaviors in the test system by scavenging free lipid radicals. Both primary and secondary oxidation products were significantly lower in the FSEY groups. Furthermore, FSEY assisted in stabilizing the physical structure of the emulsion. This antioxidant could inhibit the increase in particle size, prevent the formation of creaming, and stabilize the original color and pH of the emulsion. Consequently, FSEY may be an effective antioxidant additive to use in emulsion systems.

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION OF THE FEEDING TO THE WEIGHT GAIN OF PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.30.6.909 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 909-916

Author(s):

Herbert I. Goldman ◽

Samuel Karelitz ◽

Hedda Acs ◽

Eli Seifter

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Human Milk ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Chloride Concentration ◽

The Other ◽

Milk Formula ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

One hundred four healthy premature infants, of birth weight 1,000 to 1,800 gm, were fed one of five feedings: (1) human milk; (2) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride; (3) human milk plus 13 meq/l of sodium chloride and 18 meq/l of potassium chloride; (4) a half-skimmed cows milk formula; and (5) a partially-skimmed vegetable oil, cows milk formula. The infants fed any of the three human milk formulas gained weight at a slower rate than the infants fed either of the two cows milk formulas. Infants whose diets were changed from unmodified human milk to the half-skimmed cows milk gained large amounts of weight, and at times were visibly edematous. Infants whose diets were changed from the human milks with added sodium chloride, to the half-skimmed cows milk, gained lesser amounts of weight and did not become edematous. The infants fed the two cows milk diets gained similar amounts of weight, although one diet provided 6.5 gm/kg/day, the other 3.1 gm/kg/day of protein.

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Role of Magnesium Salts in Coal De-Ashing by Flotation

Tenside Surfactants Detergents ◽

10.1515/tsd-2020-2299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

Rawya Gamal ◽

Nader A.A. Edress ◽

Khaled A. Abuhasel ◽

Ayman A. El-Midany ◽

Salah E. El-Mofty

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Strong Interaction ◽

Statistical Design ◽

Ash Content ◽

The Other ◽

Pulp Density ◽

Statistical Design Of Experiments ◽

Coal Flotation ◽

Magnesium Salts

Abstract The most frequently investigated salts in coal flotation are chlorides. However, seawater contains additional salts such as sulfates. In coal flotation, magnesium chlorides showed the best results in terms of higher yield and lower ash content compared to the other magnesium salts studied. Therefore, two magnesium salts were tested in this investigation, namely magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate. The effect of the magnesium salts as well as the optimization of coal flotation were investigated by statistical design of experiments in terms of pulp density, particle size, conditioning time and different dosages of MgCl2 and MgSO4. The flotation results obtained by statistical design show that the ash content was lowest at 8.2% when a mixture of 2 kg/t MgSO4 and 2 kg/t MgCl2 has been used, with pulp density 20%, particle size 400 lm and conditioning time 15 min. The particle size plays an important role in reducing the ash content when the conditioning time has been extended and pulp density has been reduced. The strong interaction between the salts hinders the reduction of the ash content to less than 8.2%.

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Studies on the к-casein complex: II. The isolation of a sialic acid-containing fraction by disrupting the complex at low pH in the presence of sodium chloride

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900018379 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 57-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. Beeby

Keyword(s):

Sialic Acid ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Low Ph ◽

The Other ◽

Trichloracetic Acid ◽

Complex Ii ◽

Total Sialic Acid

SummaryWhen crude к-casein was precipitated at pH 3 in the presence of 0·4m-NaCl the supernatant contained up to 80% of the total sialic acid but no detectable cystine or cysteine. Two fractions were obtained from this supernatant by chromatography on DEAE cellulose; one containing 4–6% sialic acid and the other only onetenth of this amount.Most of the sialic acid of the sialic acid-rich fraction was soluble in 12% trichloracetic acid following treatment with rennin. It is suggested that the glycopeptide released by the action of the enzyme on casein originates from this fraction.

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