Macrogeographic Genetic Variation in Populations of the Webbing Cone worm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Genetic variation among 14 populations of Dioryctria disclusa Heinrich adults was examined using starch gel electophoresis. The average number of alleles per locus exceeded 2.0 in all populations. The number of polymorphic loci exceeded 70% in 11 populations. Genetic structure data suggest moderate differentiation (average Fst, 0.111) among the populations. Most of the differentiation is attributable to three of the eight loci (MDH, ME, and IDH). Nei's genetic identity ranged from 0.77–1.00 between populations. A phenogram based on genetic identity and unweighted pair-group method of analysis (UPGMA) clustered five of six populations in North Carolina closely together. With a cophenetic correlation of 0.96 the phenogram constructed is acceptable.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of Corynespora cassiicola isolates from Amazonas, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jânia Lília da Silva Bentes ◽  
Francy Mary Galúcio Sousa ◽  
Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes ◽  
Mágno Sávio Ferreira Valente ◽  
Fabíola Viana Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

ABSTRACT: Corynespora cassiicola is a cosmopolitan ascomycete widely known as phytopathogen in several crops, and more recently as an emerging pathogen in humans. In this study the genetic variability of 60 isolates of Corynespora cassiicola from different hosts and cities of Amazonas was evaluated, using AFLP molecular markers. Seven genetic groups were identified according to a dendrogram obtained by the Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetical Averages, indicating significant variability among the isolates. Three isolates of different hosts (28, obtained from papaya; 55, obtained from cucumber; and 58, from tomato) remained as single individuals in distinct groups, suggesting marked genetic variation in comparison to the other isolates and possible specificity by the host.

Genetic variation among Stipa grandis P. Smirn populations with different durations of fencing in the Inner Mongolian Steppe

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-bo Wu ◽  
Yu-bao Gao ◽  
Xiao-ying Bao ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Mei-qing Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Inner Mongolian Steppe

The genetic structure of a population should be carefully considered in ecological restoration because it may play a critical role in maintaining the persistence of a restored ecosystem. In the present study, we examined genetic diversity and genetic structure of Stipa grandis P. Smirn populations from fenced and grazed plots using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Molecular genetic variation showed that the genetic diversity of the fenced populations was greater compared with the overgrazed population. There was a significant variation among the populations (Fst = 0.3689, P < 0.001) by AMOVA analysis, and the gene flow was 0.4039 among the populations. The results from a comparison of limited morphological characteristics and from an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis suggested that genetic differentiation had occurred between the fenced populations and the grazed populations. The largest genetic diversity was in the moderately grazed population, which might be related to higher population density and greater sexual reproduction due to less disturbances in the plots. The genetic diversity of the long-term (24 years) fenced population was similar to that of a short-term fenced population (fenced for 11 years). These results suggested that the genetic diversity in the overgrazed population might be increased to some extent through fencing, but this effect did not occur beyond 11 years.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of some Daffodil (Narcissus L. spp.) Genotypes in Turkey by Using SRAP Markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1293-1298
Author(s):  
Emrah ZEYBEKOĞLU ◽  
Tansal KAYGISIZ ASCIOGUL ◽  
Hulya ILBI ◽  
Mustafa E. OZZAMBAK
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Narcissus Tazetta ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Srap Markers ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Ancient Times

Daffodil (Narcissus L. spp.) is one of the oldest ornamental flowers that have been cultivated from ancient times to nowadays. The species Narcissus tazetta L. and N. serotinus L. have spread out in different regions of Turkey and some other species have been naturalized. The purpose of this study was to characterize some daffodil populations that were collected from different regions of Turkey by using SRAP markers. Twenty-two daffodil populations of different species such as N. tazetta, N. serotinus, N. pseudonarcissus L., N. poeticus L. and N. jonquilla L. were used. Thirty-seven of 48 SRAP primer combinations showed scorable and polymorphic bands between samples. The similarity coefficients were used to construct a dendrogram by Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) using NTSYS-PC. Cophenetic correlation between ultrametric similarities of tree and similarity matrix were high (r = 0.97). The genotypes of Narcissus species were divided into 2 main groups. Although there was less genetic variation among N. tazetta species, even collected from different regions of Turkey, N. poeticus, N. pseudonarsis, N. jonquilla and N. serotinus had more genetic divergence among them. It can be concluded that genetic variation of Narcissus species can be used for daffodil breeding programs.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

scholarly journals Molecular Diversity and Genetic Relatedness of Candida albicans Isolates from Birds in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
M. Domán ◽  
L. Makrai ◽  
Gy. Lengyel ◽  
R. Kovács ◽  
L. Majoros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Degree Of Separation ◽  
Avian Origin ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

AbstractThe molecular epidemiology of Candida albicans infections in animals has been rarely studied. In this study, multilocus sequence typing was used to characterise the genetic diversity and population structure of 24 avian origin C. albicans isolates collected from different birds with candidiasis and compared to human isolates. Fourteen diploid sequence types (DSTs) including six new DSTs were determined. Cluster analysis revealed that isolates grouped into 8 clades. Bird isolates mainly belonged to minor clades and Clade 15 with DST 172 was the most common (11 isolates; 45.8%). The remaining isolates were clustered into Clade 7 (5 isolates; 20.8%), Clade 10 (4 isolates; 16.6%), Clade 8 (2 isolates; 8.3%), Clade 4 (1 isolate; 4.2%) and Clade 16 (1 isolate; 4.2%). Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and eBURST analyses showed that the genetic construction of avian origin C. albicans population is fairly diverse. Although species-specific lineages were not found, some degree of separation in the evolution of bird and human strains could be observed.

scholarly journals Padrões de infestação de comunidades de plantas daninhas no agroecossistema de cana-crua

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Kuva ◽  
A.S. Ferraudo ◽  
R.A. Pitelli ◽  
P.L.C.A. Alves ◽  
T.P. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Objetivou-se neste trabalho a obtenção de padrões de infestação de plantas daninhas na cultura de cana-de-açúcar com histórico de colheita mecanizada sem queima prévia da palha. Foram realizadas amostragens em 28 talhões na região de Ribeirão Preto, SP; em cada talhão foram demarcadas unidades de avaliação e coleta, na proporção de duas por hectare, que consistiram de áreas (quatro linhas de 4 metros de comprimento) mantidas sem controle de plantas daninhas e onde foram realizadas as amostragens de plantas emergidas. As amostragens foram realizadas aos 120 dias após o corte, com quadrados vazados (0,5 x 0,5 m) lançados aleatoriamente duas vezes em cada uma das unidades de avaliação e coleta. Com os dados obtidos, calculou-se a importância relativa e o índice de agregação das espécies ou grupo de espécies. Esses índices foram usados no processamento da análise de agrupamento hierárquica, utilizando como medida de semelhança a distância euclidiana e como estratégia de agrupamento o método UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using arithmetic Averages). Foi possível distinguir quatro grupos em função da importância relativa e cinco grupos de talhões em função do índice de agregação; dentro de alguns grupos houve formação de subgrupos.

scholarly journals Caracterização Biométrica dos Caprinos da República de Cabo Verde

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (263) ◽  
pp. 384-394
Author(s):  
L.C. Pires ◽  
T.M. Machado ◽  
J. de D. Fonseca ◽  
J.F. Fonseca ◽  
E. Pile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

Objetivou-se discernir populações caprinas de cinco ilhas da República de Cabo Verde (n=533) por meio de dados biométricos e análises estatísticas. Foram avaliadas 16 características de fêmeas adultas, através da estatística descritiva simples, análise de variância, teste de multicolinearidade, distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D²) e algoritmo UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic Mean). Após o teste de multicolinearidade foi identificada e descartada a variável profundidade torácica. As D² foram calculadas com base nas 15 medidas biométricas. O maior valor da D² foi entre as populações das ilhas do Fogo e São Nicolau (22,73), e a menor D² foi entre Santo Antão e São Vicente (3,71). O dendrograma a partir de 15 variáveis em cinco populações colocou as cabras da ilha de Fogo em ramo a parte das demais. Agruparam-se num ramo as cabras das ilhas de Santo Antão e São Vicente. Este resultado está de acordo com a distância geográfica entre as ilhas de Cabo Verde e o histórico recente de intercâmbio de animais entre elas.

scholarly journals Diversity and genetic structure of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), a fruit species from Cerrado

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2479
Author(s):  
Fabiano Silva Soares ◽  
Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi ◽  
Bruna Mezzalira da Silva ◽  
Jakeline Santos Cochev ◽  
Severino De Paiva Sobrinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa ◽  
Issr Primers

Hancornia speciosa Gomes, popularly known as mangabeira, is a fruit tree belonging to the Apocynaceae family, native to the Brazilian Cerrado. The fruit is widely used by the local population as an alternative source of income. Limited information is available about this species, which increases the difficulty of conserving its genetic resources and exploiting mangabeira as an economic resource. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of H. speciosa from Chapada dos Guimarães. Twenty-four trees and ten inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers were evaluated. Of the 57 bands obtained, 33 (57.89%) presented polymorphism. The analysis using Structure defined two different clusters (K = 2), which were consistent with the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering analysis. The number of observed alleles (Na = 1.58), number of effective alleles (Ne = 1.29), Nei’s genetic distance (He = 0.18) and Shannon index (I = 0.27) were considered low among the population. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the variability within the cluster (83.39%) was higher than among clusters (16.61%). ISSR primers proved effective for detection of genetic polymorphism in H. speciosa, and could be utilized for strategies that aim at conservation, plant breeding programs, and commercial use.

Genetic diversity and differentiation in populations of Japanese stone pine (Pinuspumila) in Japan

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1454-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Tani ◽  
Nobuhiro Tomaru ◽  
Masayuki Araki ◽  
Kihachiro Ohba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Stone Pine ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Pair Group

Japanese stone pine (Pinuspumila Regel) is a dominant species characteristic of alpine zones of high mountains. Eighteen natural populations of P. pumila were studied in an effort to determine the extent and distribution of genetic diversity. The extent of genetic diversity within this species was high (HT = 0.271), and the genetic differentiation among populations was also high (GST = 0.170) compared with those of other conifers. In previous studies of P. pumila in Russia, the genetic variation within the species was also high, but the genetic differentiation among populations was low. We infer that this difference originates from differences in geographic distribution and ecological differences between the two countries. The genetic variation within each population tended, as a whole, to be smaller within marginal southern populations than within northern populations. Genetic relationships among populations reflect the geographic locations, as shown by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means and neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Rotylenchulus reniformis

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Leach ◽  
Paula Agudelo ◽  
Amy Lawton-Rauh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Reniform Nematode ◽  
Rotylenchulus Reniformis ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Rotylenchulus reniformis, reniform nematode, is a polyphagous pest commonly found parasitizing cotton in the southeastern United States. We developed and optimized 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci found in reniform nematode and tested them on 160 individual reniform nematodes to determine informative genetic variation of isolates from the southeastern United States, Colombia, Japan, and from the species Rotylenchulus parvus. No significant gametic disequilibrium was detected between any pair of loci, and most loci were not in expected Hardy-Weinberg proportions. A positive FIS coefficient was observed at all 10 loci, suggesting a high level of inbreeding at these loci. Most isolate locations exhibited significant genotypic differentiation and moderate to very high genetic differentiation based on FST analysis. The most consistently differentiated isolates were found reproducing parthenogenetically in Japan. These isolates were also found to represent the most basal locality in this study based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering analysis and were distinct from other localities based on STRUCTURE V 2.3 analysis. These results support previous reports suggesting that the parthenogenetically reproducing isolates from Japan are another species. Taken together, our results can serve as the foundation for more extensive characterization of population structure and genetic variation among isolates of R. reniformis variants to help discern the impact of alternative processes on genetic connectivity and differentiation in the genetically undercharacterized reniform nematode.

scholarly journals Identification of Fluorescent AFLP and SSR Markers for Differentiation and Analysis of New Guinea Impatiens

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 622-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Parks ◽  
J.W. Moyer ◽  
J.H. Lyerly
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Library ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Impatiens Hawkeri ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (F-AFLP) and microsatellites (SSRs) were used to evaluate new guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri W. Bull) cultivars. Ninety-five quality-selected polymorphic fragments from 10 F-AFLP+3 primer combinations were used to evaluate 100 cultivars representing a variety of colors, forms, and breeding programs. Jaccard similarities and unweighted pair-group method of the arithmetic average (UPGMA) clustering formed a dendrogram with three cultivar groups, to a large extent clustering the cultivars by breeder with a high cophenetic correlation coefficient. A small insert genomic library was created and 442 kb of new guinea impatiens sequence was screened for repetitive motifs, resulting in 14 microsatellite markers. A subset of 46 cultivars representing five commercial breeding companies and 11 cultivar series was selected for microsatellite analysis. Seven loci were polymorphic, with two to six alleles per locus. Although both methods were equally effective in distinguishing the cultivars from one another, the topologies of the dendrograms for the two methods were different. The topology of the AFLP dendrogram reflected possible relationships based on cultivar series and breeding company, while the SSR dendrogram did not. The objectives of this research were to develop and validate both F-AFLP and SSR methodologies for new guinea impatiens, identify markers that can be reliably used for fingerprinting, and create a database for future cultivar comparisons.

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