scholarly journals On the manifestations of climate change in the wind regime in the territory of Syunik marz (Armenia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Vardui G. Margaryan ◽  
◽  
Gorik D. Avetisyan ◽  
Gor A. Khachatryan ◽  
Pargev N. Margaryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Wind Regime ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Building Standards

The manifestations of climate change in the regularities of the wind regime in the territory of Syunik marz of Armenia are considered. Monthly wind data for the period 1966–2018 of six weather stations were used as a source material. It was found that at all meteostations, except for Kapan, currently operating in the territory of Syunik marz there is a tendency towards a decrease in wind speed for 1966–2018. The number of cases of wind directions and calmness also fluctuates, due to climate changes, which are presented in the work on the example of the Goris weather station. The results obtained can be used to monitor the climate in the territory of Syunik marz in the climatic service of the national economy branches, in the development of wind energy cadastres of territories, in the adjustment of building standards.

scholarly journals Climate Change Induced Uncertainty of Wind Energy Potential for the Azov and Black Seas Coastal Zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Evstigneev ◽  
◽  
N. A. Lemeshko ◽  
V. A. Naumova ◽  
M. P. Evstigneev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Climate

The paper deals with assessing an impact of wind climate change on the wind energy potential of the Azov and Black Sea coast region. A lower estimate of operating time for wind power installation and a potential annual energy output for the region are given for the case of Vestas V117-4.2MW. Calculation has been performed of a long-term mean wind speed for two adjacent climatic periods (1954–1983 and 1984–2013) based on data from meteorological stations of the Black and Azov Sea region. The results show a decrease in wind speed at all meteorological stations except for Novorossiysk. The wind climate change is confirmed by comparing two adjoined 30-year periods and by estimating linear trends of the mean annual wind speed for the period 1954–2013, which are negative and significant for almost all meteorological stations in the region (α = 1 %). The trend values were estimated by the nonparametric method of robust linear smoothing using the Theil – Sen function. In the present study, the uncertainty of wind energy resource induced by a gradual wind climate change is estimated for perspective planning of this branch of energy sector. Despite the observed trends in the wind regime, average wind speeds in the Azov and Black Sea region are sufficient for planning the location of wind power plants.

scholarly journals The Wind Energy Potential of Kurdistan, Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Arefi ◽  
Jamal Moshtagh ◽  
Mohammad Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Calm Wind

In the current work by using statistical methods and available software, the wind energy assessment of prone regions for installation of wind turbines in, Qorveh, has been investigated. Information was obtained from weather stations of Baneh, Bijar, Zarina, Saqez, Sanandaj, Qorveh, and Marivan. The monthly average and maximum of wind speed were investigated between the years 2000–2010 and the related curves were drawn. The Golobad curve (direction and percentage of dominant wind and calm wind as monthly rate) between the years 1997–2000 was analyzed and drawn with plot software. The ten-minute speed (at 10, 30, and 60 m height) and direction (at 37.5 and 10 m height) wind data were collected from weather stations of Iranian new energy organization. The wind speed distribution during one year was evaluated by using Weibull probability density function (two-parametrical), and the Weibull curve histograms were drawn by MATLAB software. According to the average wind speed of stations and technical specifications of the types of turbines, the suitable wind turbine for the station was selected. Finally, the Divandareh and Qorveh sites with favorable potential were considered for installation of wind turbines and construction of wind farms.

A case study of climate variability effects on wind resources in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Herbst ◽  
Jörg Lalk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Wind Resources ◽  
Wind Speed Increase

The wind energy sector is one of the most prominent sectors of the renewable energy industry. However, its dependence on meteorological factors subjects it to climate change. Studies analysing the impact of climate change on wind resources usually only model changes in wind speed. Two elements that have to be calculated in addition to wind speed changes are Annual Energy Production (AEP) and Power Density (PD). This is not only because of the inherent variability between wind speed and wind power generated, but also because of the relative magnitudes of change in energy potentially generated at different areas under varied wind climates. In this study, it was assumed that two separate locations would experience a 10% wind speed increase after McInnes et al. (2010). Given the two locations’ different wind speed distributions, a wind speed increase equal in magnitude is not equivalent to similar magnitudes of change in potential energy production in these areas. This paper demonstrates this fact for each of the case studies. It is of general interest to the energy field and is of value since very little literature exists in the Southern African context on climate change- or variability-effects on the (wind) energy sector. Energy output is therefore dependent not only on wind speed, but also wind turbine characteristics. The importance of including wind power curves and wind turbine generator capacity in wind resource analysis is emphasised.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Wind Energy Potential in Order to Estimate Power Plants in Baladeh Mazandaran, Iran

2012 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
S. Asghar Gholamian ◽  
S. Bagher Soltani ◽  
R. Ilka
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Power Density ◽  
Synoptic Weather ◽  
Wind Potential

First step for achieving wind energy is to locate points with appropriate wind power density in a country. Wind data which are recorded in a synoptic weather station, are the best way to study the wind potential of an area. In this paper wind speed period of Baladeh synoptic weather station is studied, since it has the maximum average of wind speed among 15 stations of the MAZANDARAN Province. Weibull factors k and c are calculated for 40 months from September 2006 to December 2009 and wind power density is determined based on these data. The total average of factors k and c for a height for 50 m are 1.442 m/s and 5.1256 respectively. By using the average of factors, wind power density in 50 m height will be 147.40 watt/m2 which is categorized as weak potential in wind class. However by monthly investigation it is shown that with a 50 m wind, this station can be put in medium class in hot months of the year.

Evaluation of Statistical Downscaling Methods for Simulating Daily Precipitation Distribution, Frequency, and Temporal Sequence

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-784
Author(s):  
Xunchang Zhang ◽  
Mingxi Shen ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Joel W. Homan ◽  
Phillip R. Busteed
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Statistical Downscaling ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Weather Generator ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Precipitation Distribution ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Distribution Frequency

HighlightsNine statistical downscaling methods from three downscaling categories were evaluated.Weather generator-based methods had advantages in simulating non-stationary precipitation.Differences in downscaling performance were smaller within each category than between categories.The performance of each downscaling method varied with climate conditions.Abstract. Spatial discrepancy between global climate model (GCM) projections and the climate data input required by hydrological models is a major limitation for assessing the impact of climate change on soil erosion and crop production at local scales. Statistical downscaling techniques are widely used to correct biases of GCM projections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of nine statistical downscaling methods from three available statistical downscaling categories to simulate daily precipitation distribution, frequency, and temporal sequence at four Oklahoma weather stations representing arid to humid climate regions. The three downscaling categories included perfect prognosis (PP), model output statistics (MOS), and stochastic weather generator (SWG). To minimize the effect of GCM projection error on downscaling quality, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Reanalysis 1 data at a 2.5° grid spacing (treated as observed grid data) were downscaled to the four weather stations (representing arid, semi-arid, sub humid, and humid regions) using the nine downscaling methods. The station observations were divided into calibration and validation periods in a way that maximized the differences in annual precipitation means between the two periods for assessing the ability of each method in downscaling non-stationary climate changes. All methods were ranked with three metrics (Euclidean distance, sum of absolute relative error, and absolute error) for their ability in simulating precipitation amounts at daily, monthly, yearly, and annual maximum scales. After eliminating the poorest two performers in simulating precipitation mean, distribution, frequency, and temporal sequence, the top four remaining methods in ascending order were Distribution-based Bias Correction (DBC), Generator for Point Climate Change (GPCC), SYNthetic weather generaTOR (SYNTOR), and LOCal Intensity scaling (LOCI). DBC and LOCI are bias-correction methods, and GPCC and SYNTOR are generator-based methods. The differences in performances among the downscaling methods were smaller within each downscaling category than between the categories. The performance of each method varied with the climate conditions of each station. Overall results indicated that the SWG methods had certain advantages in simulating daily precipitation distribution, frequency, and temporal sequence for non-stationary climate changes. Keywords: Climate change, Climate downscaling, Downscaling method evaluation, Statistical downscaling.

scholarly journals Gulf Cooperation Council Countries’ Climate Change Mitigation Challenges and Exploration of Solar and Wind Energy Resource Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2648
Author(s):  
Fahad Radhi Alharbi ◽  
Denes Csala
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Wind Energy Resources ◽  
Change Mitigation

Climate change mitigation is one of the most critical challenges of this century. The unprecedented global effects of climate change are wide-ranging, including changing weather patterns that threaten food production, increased risk of catastrophic floods, and rising sea levels. Adapting to these impacts will be more difficult and costly in the future if radical changes are not made now. This review paper evaluates the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries’ potential for solar and wind energy resources to meet climate change mitigation requirements and assesses the ability of the GCC region to shift towards low-carbon technologies. The review demonstrates that the GCC region is characterized by abundant solar energy resources. The northwestern, southeastern, and western mountains of the region are highlighted as locations for solar energy application. Oman displays the highest onshore wind speed range, 3–6.3 m s⁻1, and has the highest annual solar radiation of up to 2500 kWh/m2. Kuwait has the second highest onshore wind speed range of 4.5–5.5 m s⁻1. The western mountains and northwestern Saudi Arabia have a wind speed range of 3–6 m s⁻1. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has the second highest annual solar radiation, 2285 kWh/m2, while Saudi Arabia and the state of Kuwait have equal annual solar radiation at 2200 kWh/m2. This review demonstrates that abundant offshore wind energy resources were observed along the coastal areas of the Arabian Gulf, as well as a potential opportunity for wind energy resource development in the Red Sea, which was characterized by high performance. In addition, the GCC countries will not be able to control and address the interrelated issues of climate change in the future if they do not eliminate fossil fuel consumption, adhere to the Paris Agreement, and implement plans to utilize their natural resources to meet these challenges.

Long-term climate change effects in the European offshore wind energy 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Susini ◽  
Melisa Menendez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Change Impact

<p>Climate change and offshore renewable energy sector are connected by a double nature link. Even though energy generation from clean marine sources is one of the strategies to reduce climate change impact within next decades, it is expected that large scale modification of circulation patterns will have in turn an impact on the spatial and temporal distribution of the wind fields. Under the WINDSURFER project of the ERA4CS initiative, we analyse the climate change impact on marine wind energy resource for the European offshore wind energy sector. Long-term changes in specific climate indicators are evaluated over the European marine domain (e.g. wind power density, extreme winds, operation hours) as well as local indicators (e.g. gross energy yield, capacity factor) at several relevant operating offshore wind farms.</p><p>Adopting an ensemble approach, we focus on the climate change greenhouse gases scenario RCP8.5 during the end of the century (2081-2100 period) and analyze the changes and uncertainty of the resulting multi-model from seven high resolution Regional Climate Models (RCM) realized within Euro-Cordex initiative (EUR-11, ~12.5km). ERA5 reanalysis and in-situ offshore measurements are the historical data used in present climate.</p><p>Results indicate a small decrease of wind energy production, testified by reduction of the climatological indicators of wind speed and wind power density, particularly in the NW part of the domain of study. The totality of the currently operating offshore windfarms is located in this area, where a decrease up to 20% in the annual energy production is expected by the end of the century, accompanied by a reduction of the operation hours between 5 and 8%. Exceptions are represented by Aegean and Baltic Sea, where these indicators are expected to slightly increase. Extreme storm winds however show a different spatial pattern of change. The wind speed associated to 50 years return period decreases within western Mediterranean Sea and Biscay Bay, while increases in the remaining part of the domain (up to 15% within Aegean and Black Sea). Finally, the estimated variations in wind direction are relevant on the Biscay Bay region.</p>

scholarly journals Meteorological effects of the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015: analysis of UK Met Office automatic weather station data and comparison with automatic weather station data from the Faroes and Iceland

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2077) ◽  
pp. 20150212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Hanna ◽  
John Penman ◽  
Trausti Jónsson ◽  
Grant R. Bigg ◽  
Halldór Björnsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Automatic Weather Station ◽  
Station Data ◽  
Weather Station Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Weather Stations

Here, we analyse high-frequency (1 min) surface air temperature, mean sea-level pressure (MSLP), wind speed and direction and cloud-cover data acquired during the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 from 76 UK Met Office weather stations, and compare the results with those from 30 weather stations in the Faroe Islands and 148 stations in Iceland. There was a statistically significant mean UK temperature drop of 0.83±0.63°C, which occurred over 39 min on average, and the minimum temperature lagged the peak of the eclipse by about 10 min. For a subset of 14 (16) relatively clear (cloudy) stations, the mean temperature drop was 0.91±0.78 (0.31±0.40)°C but the mean temperature drops for relatively calm and windy stations were almost identical. Mean wind speed dropped significantly by 9% on average during the first half of the eclipse. There was no discernible effect of the eclipse on the wind-direction or MSLP time series, and therefore we can discount any localized eclipse cyclone effect over Britain during this event. Similar changes in air temperature and wind speed are observed for Iceland, where conditions were generally clearer, but here too there was no evidence of an eclipse cyclone; in the Faroes, there was a much more muted meteorological signature. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Atmospheric effects of solar eclipses stimulated by the 2015 UK eclipse’.

Climate change impacts on wind power density over southeastern Mediterranean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris G. Tzanis ◽  
Kostas Philippopoulos ◽  
Constantinos Cartalis ◽  
Konstantinos Granakis ◽  
Anastasios Alimissis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Power Density ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

<p>Energy production from the utilization of wind energy potential depends on the variability of the wind field as determined by the interaction of natural processes on different scales. Global climate change can cause alterations in the surface wind and thus it may affect the geographical distribution and the wind energy potential variability. Wind energy production is sensitive to wind speed changes, especially in the upper percentile of the wind speed distributions, where energy production is more effective. The importance of wind energy production changes is enhanced by the fact that wind energy investments are long-term and are characterized by high initial costs and low operating costs. In the present study, these changes are examined for the southeastern Mediterranean region, based on simulations of the Regional Climate Model ALADIN 5.2 extracted from the Med-CORDEX database for the climatic scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The results indicate a wind power density increase over the Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea, the Dardanelles and the Black Sea, with similar levels of increase for both climatic scenarios. In contrast, during the winter period there is a decline across the southeastern Mediterranean, which is more significant in the case of the RCP8.5 scenario. Finally, for most areas of eastern Greece, there is a reduction in the number of wind speed cases for both below and above cut-in and cut-out wind speeds, while there is an increase in the number of wind speed cases that wind turbines operate at their maximum power. The results are expected to reduce the uncertainty associated with the impact of climate change on wind energy production. </p>

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