scholarly journals Estimating the Entrance Surface Dose in the Eyes, Thyroid, and Parotid Gland Regions in Adult and Pediatric Groups: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Omidi ◽  
Fariba Farhadi Birgani ◽  
Ali Asghar Parach ◽  
Hamed Zamani ◽  
Saman Dalvand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Entrance Surface Dose ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) of sensitive organs in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging of the maxillofacial region in the two age groups of adult and pediatric. Materials and Methods: In this work, the measurements were performed using Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters (TLD-GR200). The imaging was performed using a PROMAX 3D CBCT scanner for 30 adults and 20 pediatric patients. The ESD value for each patient in the region of eyes, thyroid, and parotid glands was measured by 15 TLDs during CBCT of maxillofacial. Results: The highest and lowest mean values of ESDs were related to the parotid and thyroid gland regions in adults, 4.77 ± 0.61 mGy and 0.37 ± 0.16 mGy, respectively. In addition, these values were obtained 2.97 ± 0.36 mGy and 0.35 ± 0.12 mGy in pediatric groups as the highest and lowest values in that order. The results showed that the ESD values of the parotid gland regions in maxilla and mandible examinations had a significant difference (P <0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between the ESD values of the parotid gland regions among the adults and pediatric groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the ESD values in both age groups were higher in the parotid gland region during maxillofacial CBCT examinations. Therefore, it is recommended to set radiation parameters like mAs as low as possible for reducing the patient dose, especially pediatric patients due to the more sensitive organs.

scholarly journals Dosimetry of Critical Organs in Maxillofacial Imaging with Cone-beam Computed Tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1Feb) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ghanbarnezhad Farshi ◽  
A Mesbahi ◽  
M Johari ◽  
Ü Kara ◽  
N Gharehaghaji
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Of

Background: While the benefits of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) are well known in maxillofacial imaging, the use of this modality is not risk-free.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure doses received by patients during maxillofacial imaging with CBCT.Methods: Entrance surface dose (ESD) was measured by using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) attached to the eyes lids, parotid glands and thyroid of 64 patients in two imaging centers (A and B). Phantom dosimetry was performed by a cylindrical poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) head-size phantom and an ionization chamber for different exposure parameters. NewTom VGi and Planmeca Promax 3D CBCT scanners were used at centers A and B, respectively.Results: The mean ESD of the eyes, parotid glands and thyroid were 2.57, 2.33 and 0.28 mGy in center A, 0.35, 2.11 and 0.37 mGy in center B, respectively. ESD of the eyes revealed a significant difference in two centers; in center B, it was 86.4% lower than center A. In the phantom dosimetry, the measured doses of NewTom VGi were 2.63 and 2.08 mGy, respectively by changing field of view (FOV) size from 8×8 cm2 (height × diameter) to 6×6 cm2. For Planmeca Promax 3D, it ranged from 0.98 to 3.24 mGy depending on exposure parameters.Conclusion: There is a wide range of radiation doses dependent on the units, patients and selected scan parameters. Inappropriate selection of exposure settings, especially FOV size, can seriously increase patient dose.

scholarly journals Mandibular Canal Location and Cortical Bone Thickness in Males and Females of Different Age Groups: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 1117-1122
Author(s):  
Sherif Shafik El-Bahnasy ◽  
Magdy Youakim ◽  
Mohamed Shamel ◽  
Hisham El Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mandibular Canal ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
The Mean

AIM: The purpose of the study was to measure and compare the prevalence of mandibular canal (MC) location variations in regard to mandibular first molars in both genders at different age groups. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 80 cone-beam computed tomography scans. Distance between MC and apical apices of first molars, buccal and lingual cortical plates was measured in both sides. RESULTS: 80 scans with 160 sides were analyzed. Distances was measured bilaterally for all scans with mean (5.22 ± 0.77) in men versus (4.1 ± 0.7) in women at group age 31–40 apical to apices of first molars. The mean was (3.77 ± 0.62) in men versus (2.81 ± 0.47) in women at same age group at buccal side, lingually the mean was (4.02 ± 0.67) in men versus (3.67 ± 0.26) in women in the same age group. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that there were decrease in measurements in older age group in both genders and in female groups more than male groups but with no statistical significant difference.

scholarly journals Evaluation of skin doses for cone-beam computed tomography in dentomaxillofacial imaging: A preclinical study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254510
Author(s):  
Carolin Sophie Reidelbach ◽  
Jakob Neubauer ◽  
Maximilian Frederik Russe ◽  
Jan Kusterer ◽  
Wiebke Semper-Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skin Doses

Purpose Evaluation of skin organ doses in six different cone-beam computed tomography scanners (CBCT) dedicated to dentomaxillofacial imaging. Our hypothesis is that the dose varies between different devices, protocols and skin areas. Materials and methods An anthropomorphic adult head and neck phantom was used to which a dosimeter (Waterproof Farmer® Chamber, PTW, Freiburg, Germany) was attached to anatomic landmarks of both parotid glands, both ocular lenses, the thyroid gland and the neurocranium. CBCT examinations were performed on six different CBCT devices dedicated to dentomaxillofacial imaging with standard settings and, if available, also in high dose settings. Measurements were repeated five times each. Results The measured mean skin doses ranged from 0.48 to 2.21 mGy. The comparison of the region based dose evaluation showed a high correlation between the single measurements. Furthermore, the distribution of doses between regions was similar in all devices, except that four devices showed side differences for the dose of the parotid region and one device showed side differences for the lens region. The directly exposed regions, such as the parotid glands, showed significant higher values than the more distant regions like the neurocranium. When comparing examination protocols, a significant difference between the standard dose and the high dose acquisitions could be detected. But also a significant dose difference between the different CBCTs could be shown. 3D Accuitomo 170 (Morita, Osaka, Japan) showed the highest absorbed mean dose value for standard settings with 2.21 mGy, especially at the directly exposed regions and their adjacent organs. The lowest mean value for standard settings was achieved with VGi evo (NewTom, Verona, Italy) with 0.48 mGy. Conclusion Repeated measurements of skin organ doses in six different CBCT scanners using a surface dosimeter showed side differences in distribution of dose in five devices for the parotid and lens region. Additionally, significant dose differences between the devices could be detected. Further studies should be performed to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Midpalatal Suture Ossification Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Digital Radiographic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
Girish Katti ◽  
Syed Shahbaz ◽  
Chandrika Katti ◽  
Mohd Sabyasachi Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Midpalatal Suture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mid Palatal Suture

Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging techniques are the recent rage in the field of oral diagnostic imaging modality. It is noninvasive, faster and lacks anatomic superimposition. Earlier maxillary occlusal radiographs were used to assess and evaluate the mid palatal suture, but being a two dimensional imaging modality it could not assess the ossification process which takes place in multiple planes mostly due to curved nature of the palate. In this study we assessed the mid palatal suture morphology and classify them according to the variants using CBCT images. Materials and methods: A total of 200 CBCT scans (95 males and 105 females) were evaluated in the present study from the archives of an imaging center. As per Angelieri classification the midpalatal suture was classified into five categories (A–E) depending on the degree of ossification that had taken place. Statistical analysis was done by Chi Square test using SPSS version 23.0. Results: There is statistically significant difference present in the stages of maturity of mid palatal suture in various age groups with Stage B is most common in Group 1 (50%), Stage C most common in Group 2 (60%) and Group 3 (40%) and Stage E more common in Group 4 (50%). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed a wide variation in the initiation time and the degree of ossification and morphology of the midpalatal suture in different age groups. Although there was an increase in the closure of the suture with aging, age is not a reliable criterion for determining the open or closed nature of the suture. This finding is important in providing an idea as to how diverse is the ossification of maxillary sutures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Distance between the Mental Foramen and the Mandibular Edge: Cone Beam Computed Tomography Analysis in Turkish Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Ozkan Adiguzel ◽  
Suzan Cangul ◽  
Artemisa Adiguzel ◽  
Begum Erpacal ◽  
Zeki Akkus
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Imaging Science

Summary Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the distance between the mental foramen and the upper and lower edges of the mandible in the Turkish population according to different gender and age groups. Material and Methods: A total of 1756 samples of 878 patients who presented at the Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department of the Dentistry Faculty of Dicle University were included in the study for evaluation of the distance between the mental foramen and the upper and lower edges of the mandible. The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken using an I-CAT Vision device (Imaging Science International, Hatfield, USA). Multiple variance analysis was used in the statistical analyses of the data. Results: A statistically significant difference was identified between the genders in respect of the distance of the external edge of the mental foramen from the upper edge of the mandible (p=0,000). In the evaluations of the different age groups, no statistically significant difference was determined. A statistically significant difference was determined between the gender and age groups in respect of the distance of the mental foramen from the lower edge of the mandible (p=0,000). Conclusions: The distance of the mental foramen from the upper and lower edges of the mandible can show variations according to age and gender. Therefore, the use of CBCT as a 3-dimensional imaging method with a low radiation dose is recommended.

scholarly journals Radiological and Morphometric Features of Canalis Sinuosus in Russian Population: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avanesov Anatoly ◽  
Yuri Sedov ◽  
Evgeniya Gvozdikova ◽  
Oleg Mordanov ◽  
Liudmila Kruchinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Canalis Sinuosus

Introduction. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is considered to be the most informative radiographic method for pre- and postoperative analysis of the maxillary anatomy and for avoiding further complication. Canalis sinuosus is one of such structures that damage can go along with bleeding and neurological symptomatology. The aim of the study was to investigate radiological and morphometric features of the canalis sinuosus in Russian population using CBCT technique. Materials and Methods. 150 CBCT scans of 61 males and 89 females aged from 24 to 80 years were retrospectively studied with different slice thickness and evaluated with regards to prevalence and diameter among age and gender groups in Russia. Results. CS prevalence in this study was 67%, and CS was most frequently presented in the lateral incisor region (33.5%). Women showed statistically higher CS prevalence (p<0.01) than the male group, and there was no statistically significant difference observed between occurrence and localization of CS and age groups. Conclusion. CBCT examination demonstrated good diagnostic efficiency in CS visualization, and the CS may have variations on its location and prevalence with statistically significant differences between the gender group and without significant differences among age groups and can depend on the population.

scholarly journals Mandibular Buccal Bone Thickness In Southeastern Anatolian People: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Aktuna Belgin ◽  
Ozkan Adiguzel ◽  
Marius Bud ◽  
Mehmet Colak ◽  
Zeki Akkus
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
The Difference

Aim: Buccal bone thickness is an important factor in implant treatment, bone health after tooth extraction, apical surgery, and esthetic outcomes. We evaluated the distance from the mandibular premolar and molar teeth apices to the buccal cortical bone in southeastern Anatolian people using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology: This retrospective study was performed in 461 posterior teeth (220 premolars, 241 molars) of 133 patients (62 females, 64 males) at Dicle University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-tests and Tukey HSD tests. Results: The mandibular buccal bone was thicker in men than in women, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The thinnest point of the mandibular buccal bone was measured in women as 2.431 mm and in men as 2.491 mm in the first premolar teeth. The thickest point of the mandibular bone was measured in women as 7.940 mm and in men as 7.859 mm in the distal roots of mandibular second molar teeth. For the mandibular first and second premolars, there was no significant difference in buccal bone thickness among the 10–29-, 30–49-, and 50–69-year age groups. The difference between the first and second molar mesial and distal roots of the age groups was significant at the level of buccal root thickness (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is important to examine buccal bone thickness (with CBCT) before surgical dental procedures for appropriate implant planning and surgical endodontic treatment.  How to cite this article: Aktuna Belgin C, Adiguzel O, Bud M, Colak M, Akkus Z. Mandibular Buccal Bone Thickness In Southeastern Anatolian People: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study. Int Dent Res 2017;7:6-12. Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

scholarly journals Application of Dose Area Product (DAP) to Estimate Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) in Pediatric Chest X-Rays

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Roya Davoodi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Eydian ◽  
Hessein Karampour ◽  
Mahdi Nassarpour ◽  
Reza Rezazadeh-Farokh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Entrance Surface Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Area Product

Introduction: Given the high radiation tissue sensitivity of pediatric patients, it is necessary to monitor their received dose to optimize radiation protection. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the entrance surface dose (ESD) in pediatric patients undergoing a chest X-ray at the main hospital of Dezful, Iran. The second aim was to compare our results with the established dose reference levels (DRLs). Materials and Methods: The studied population included 204 pediatric patients less than 15 years who were referred to as chest X-ray. A calibrated dose area product meter (DAP-meter) with permanent installation on the X-ray unit was used to radiation dose measurements. For each patient, the demographic data, exposure parameters and the dose read by DAP-meter were recorded and ESD was calculated using a standard mathematical formula. Results: The average value of ESD was 119 μGy in patients less than 15 years. This value was 51.3, 122.3, 131.5 and 171.2 μGy for the age groups for less than 1 year, 1 to 5 years, 5 to 10 years and 10 to 15 years, respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen between ESD values ​​in different age groups (P<0.001), whereas no statistical difference was seen between ESD values in ​ girls and boys (P =0.993). Conclusion: Pediatric patients in hospital investigated (except age group less than 1 year) are subjected to unnecessary radiation exposure, especially due to the use of non-optimize X-ray protocols.

scholarly journals Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) Measurement During Pediatric Chest X-Rays

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Roya Davoodi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Eydian ◽  
Reza Rezazadeh- Farokh ◽  
Asma Maraei
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Entrance Surface Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chest X Ray

Introduction Given the high radiation tissue sensitivity of pediatric patients, it is necessary to monitor their received dose in order to optimize radiation protection. The first aim of this study was to evaluate of the entrance surface dose (ESD) in pediatric patients undergoing chest x-ray at the main hospital of Dezful, Iran. The second aim was to compare our results with the established dose reference levels (DRL). Materials and Methods The studied population included 204 pediatric patients less than 15 year who were referred to chest x-ray. A calibrated dose area product meter (DAP-meter) with permanent installation on x-ray unit was used to radiation dose measurements. For each patient, the demographic data, exposure parameters and the dose read by DAP-meter were recorded and ESD was calculated using standard mathematical formula. Results The average value of ESD was 119 μGy in patients less than 15 years. This value was 51.3, 122.3, 131.5 and 171.2 μGy for the age groups less than 1 year, 1 to 5 year, 5 to 10 year and 10 to 15 year, respectively. A statistical significant difference was seen between ESD values ​​in different age groups (P<0.001), whereas no statistical difference was seen between ESD values in ​ girls and boys (P =0.993). Conclusion Pediatric patients in hospital investigated (except age group less than 1 year) are subjected to unnecessary radiation exposure, especially due to use of non-optimize x-ray protocols.

scholarly journals Cone Beam Computed Tomography Based Sex Estimation by Volume of Odontoid Process of The Second Cervical Vertebra

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz Ferreira Costa ◽  
Ana Amelia Barbieri ◽  
Bianca Costa Gonçalves ◽  
Camila Felisbino Silva ◽  
Celso Massahiro Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Sex

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the volume of odontoid process of the second cervical vertebra on CBCT images can be used for sex estimation. Material and Methods: The volume of odontoid process on CBCT images of 138 subjects was measured. In addition, the patients were classified into five age groups. The comparisons between the groups in relation to sex and age were performed by using Mann-Whitney’s test and Kruskal-Wallis’ test, respectively. The ROC curve was used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the volume to determine the sex.  Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between age and volume. Males had significantly larger volumes than females. Values of volume equal to or greater than 1.254 mm3 have sensitivity of 68.2% and specificity of 68.1% to determine male sex.  Conclusion: The volume of the odontoid process tends to be larger in males than in females and can be used as sex estimation. KEYWORDS Cone beam computed tomography; Diagnostic imaging; Sex determination processes; Image processing; Computer-assisted.

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