The role of the bla KPC gene in antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atossa Ghasemnejad ◽  
Monir Doudi ◽  
Nour Amirmozafari
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Background and Objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that produce K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) have be- come a grave concern for the treatment of infections. KPC-producing strains are not only able to hydrolyze carbapenems but are also resistant to a variety of β-lactam and non-β-lactam antibiotics. The present study evaluated the prevalence of bla in K. pneumoniae infections and determined the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Materials and Methods: The K. pneumoniae isolates were identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by genotyping. The modified Hodge test (MHT) was performed to detect carbapenemases, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for all isolates by the disc diffusion method. Also, for MHT-positive isolates, supposed to carbapenemases isolates, broth microdilution method was used to measure the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of meropenem and colistin. Results: The bla KPC genotypic evaluation revealed that only 5 of 96 isolates carried bla genes. Antimicrobial pattern showed that isolates carrying bla were resistant to cefepime, ticarcillin/tazobactam, and aztreonam discs. Also, results of broth microdilution method showed that KPC-producing K. pneumoniae was resistant to meropenem and colistin, according to the CLSI and EUCAST. Conclusion: In this study nearly half the isolates showed carbapenemase activity as shown by MHT results, but only few of them were carrying bla . Thus bla gene is not the main cause of resistance spread to carbapenems in Isfahan, Iran.

scholarly journals Detection of Methicillin ResistantStaphylococcus aureusand Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Vancomycin forStaphylococcus aureusIsolated from Pus/Wound Swab Samples of the Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghabendra Adhikari ◽  
Narayan Dutt Pant ◽  
Sanjeev Neupane ◽  
Mukesh Neupane ◽  
Roshan Bhattarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

The present study was conducted to evaluate the performance of cefoxitin disc diffusion method and oxacillin broth microdilution method for detection of methicillin resistantS. aureus(MRSA), taking presence of mecA gene as reference. In addition, inducible clindamycin resistance and beta-lactamase production were studied and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin forS. aureusisolates was determined. A total of 711 nonrepeated pus/wound swab samples from different anatomic locations were included in the study. TheStaphylococcus aureuswas identified on the basis of colony morphology, Gram’s stain, and biochemical tests. A total of 110 (15.47%)S. aureusisolates were recovered, of which 39 (35.50%) isolates were identified as MRSA by cefoxitin disc diffusion method. By oxacillin broth microdilution method, 31.82% of theStaphylococcus aureusisolates were found to be MRSA. However, mecA gene was present in only 29.1% of the isolates. Further, beta-lactamase production was observed in 71.82% of the isolates, while inducible clindamycin resistance was found in 10% ofS. aureusisolates. The MIC value of vancomycin forS. aureusranged from 0.016 μg/mL to 1 μg/mL. On the basis of the absolute sensitivity (100%), both phenotypic methods could be employed for routine diagnosis of MRSA in clinical microbiology laboratory; however cefoxitin disc diffusion could be preferred over MIC method considering time and labour factor.

scholarly journals Categorizing susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida auris to amphotericin B, caspofungin, and fluconazole utilizing the CLSI M44-A2 disk diffusion method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie S. Nunnally ◽  
Tajah Damm ◽  
Shawn R. Lockhart ◽  
Elizabeth L. Berkow
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

We evaluated the CLSI M44ed3E disk diffusion method in comparison with the CLSI M27ed4 broth microdilution method for caspofungin and fluconazole and the Etest method for amphotericin B to categorize susceptibility of 347 clinical isolates of Candida auris. Utilizing the zone diameter cutoffs established here we observed the overall categorial agreement between the two methods. For caspofungin, concordant results were observed for 98% of isolates with <1% very major and 1% major errors. For fluconazole, concordant results were observed for 91% of isolates with 1% very major and 8% major errors. For amphotericin B, concordant results were observed for 74% of isolates with <1% very major errors and 25% major errors. The disk diffusion approach provides an accurate method for determining the susceptibility of C. auris for caspofungin and fluconazole, and for identification of at least 75% of amphotericin B-susceptible isolates.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Klebsiella Species from Various Clinical Samples at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
K. Sathyavathy ◽  
B. Kiran Madhusudhan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Klebsiella species from different clinical samples at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, India. Overall 189 samples out of 980 non repetitive clinical samples obtained from wound/pus, urine, sputum swab and blood by disc diffusion method and identified as Klebsiella and analysed. Out of total 189 Klebsiella isolates, 76 out of 155 K. pneumoniae (49%) were resistant and none out of 34 Klebsiella oxytoca (0%) showed resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime by disc diffusion method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Klebsiella exhibited 100% resistance to Ampicillin. The present study highlights the need for the continued monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of important bacterial pathogens, so that rational antibiotic policies can be formulated.

scholarly journals EMERGING RESISTANCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 822-827
Author(s):  
Maria Ali Shoaib ◽  
Usama Khalid Choudry ◽  
Iram Saddiqa Aamir ◽  
Qurrat-ul-Ain Aqeel ◽  
Syed Ahsan Uddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
First Line ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Blood Specimens

Objectives: To study the bacteriological profile of enteric fever and their antibioticsensitivity pattern to commonly used antibiotics in view of emerging resistance at Civil HospitalKarachi (C.H.K.) and provide a guideline for making a protocol for empirical antibiotic therapywhere culture facilities are not available. Methodology: Design: Descriptive laboratory Basedstudy. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted from 1st January, 2010 till 30thJune, 2012 at the Central Lab, Civil Hospital Karachi. Patients and Methods: A cross sectionalanalysis was done on a total of 37,805 blood specimens sent for C/S from the entire inpatient andoutpatient departments to the central lab, CHK. All blood cultures were inoculated in thioglycolatebroth and incubated at 37° for 7 days. Positive blood cultures were processed, colonies wereidentified using standard biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility was checked by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI criteria. Results: Out of these specimens, 430 sampleswere found positive for the salmonella strains, among them 395 (91.86%) were Salmonella typhiand 35 (8.14%) were Salmonella paratyphi A. Salmonella infection was more common in male(55.85%) and more prevalent in children under 10 years of age (34.88%). The resistance patternfor Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol, Co-trimoxazole, was (29%), (41%) and (5%) respectively;while the resistance was found to be higher in the commonly prescribed drugs belonging to firstand second generation of cephalosporins and flouroquinolones. Conclusion: Amoxicillin andChloramphenicol, the first line of drugs for the treatment of enteric fever are losing their efficacyand most of the organisms have developed resistance. Also, resistance against the second lineof therapy, involving the use of cephalosporins and quinolones is rapidly emerging.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Essential Oils against Bacteria Isolated from Freshwater Fish

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Miroslava Kačániová ◽  
Alīna Klūga ◽  
Margarita Terentjeva ◽  
Simona Kunová ◽  
Katarína Rovná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Delftia Acidovorans ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Microdilution Method

Abstract The aim of study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of ten essential oils against ten microorganisms isolated from fish. The following essential oils were tested: Cymbopogon nardus Rendle, Citrus limon, Leptospermum petersonii Bailey, Gaultheria procumbens, Pelargonium graveolens, Citrus paradisi, Citrus aurantifolia, Litsea cubeba Pers., Citrus reticulata Blanko, Vetiveria zizanoides. The disc diffusion method and microdilution method were used for determination of antimicrobial activity. Rhodotorula spp., Aerococcus spp., Aerococcus viridans, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus moraviensis, Aeromonas spp., Delftia acidovorans, Pseudomonas gessardii, Yersinia spp., Yersinia ruckeri, Yersinia enterocolitica were tested in the present study. The best antimicrobial activity of Leptospermum petersonii Bailey were found against Aerococcus spp., Enterococcus faecium, E. moraviensis, Delftia acidovorans, Pseudomonas gessardii, Yersinia ruckeri and Y. enterocolitica. Litsea cubeba Pers. was effective against Delftia acidovorans, Yersinia enterocolitica, Enterococcus faecium using the disc diffusion method. The best minimal inhibition concentration (MIC 50 - 1.5 µL/mL resp. MIC 90 - 1.6 µL/mL) was found for Litsea cubeba Pers. against Aerococcus spp. and Yersinia spp. using microdilution method.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tigecycline in 67 Infected Patients and a Population Pharmacokinetics/Microbiological Evaluation of A. baumannii Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianli Yang ◽  
Hekun Mei ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Yun Cai
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

BackgroundThe widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria such as multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (AB). Tigecycline (TGC), as the first glycylcycline antibiotic approved by FDA, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which remains highly effective to treat AB infections.ObjectiveTo confirm the TGC treatment dosage and effectiveness to treat AB infections in the Chinese population by performing therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).MethodsThis study was performed from October 2018 through March 2019 at the PLA General Hospital. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was validated and employed to determine the plasma concentrations of TGC in patients with infectious diseases. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TGC to clinically isolated AB was determined by broth microdilution method, agar dilution method, and disk diffusion method. Moreover, a model of population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PPK/PD) was constructed.ResultsA total of 186 plasma samples from 67 patients were detected by the validated HPLC-MS/MS method. The MIC values determined by the broth microdilution method were more sensitive and accurate than the other two methods. The microbial and clinical PK/PD breakpoints were reached when the maintenance dose of TGC was 100 mg.ConclusionOur study established a validated HPLC-MS/MS method to monitor the plasma concentrations of TGC. In view of the MIC range to AB isolates in our hospital and the PPK/PD modeling results, we recommend a relatively high dose of 100 mg q12h regimen to achieve the optimal clinical efficacy and antimicrobial response.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document