scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains circulating in Assam: a north eastern state of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajanta Sharma ◽  
Bornali Sarmah Dutta ◽  
Debajit Rabha ◽  
Elmy Samsun Rasul ◽  
Naba Kumar Hazarika
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
El Tor

Background and Objectives: Information on the genetic epidemiology of cholera in Assam, a northeastern state of India is lacking despite cholera being a major public health problem. The study aimed to determine the virulence genes and genes encoding antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae isolates and to determine the prevalent genotypes based on the presence or absence of the virulence genes and ctxB genotype. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five V. cholerae strains were subjected to conventional biotyping and serotyping followed by multiplex PCR to detect ctxA, ctxB, zot, ace, O1rfb, tcpA, ompU, ompW, rtxC, hly and toxR and antibiotic resistance genes. Cholera toxin B (ctxB) gene was amplified followed by sequencing. Results: All the V. cholerae O1 isolates were El Tor Ogawa and showed the presence of the core toxin region representing the genome of the filamentous bacteriophage CTXø. The complete cassette of virulence genes was seen in 48% of the isolates which was the predominant genotype. All the isolates possessed amino acid sequences identical to the El Tor ctxB subunit of genotype 3. sulII gene was detected in 68% of the isolates, dfrA1 in 88%, strB in 48% and SXT gene was detected in 36% of the isolates. Conclusion: Toxigenic V. cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa strains of ctxB genotype 3 carrying a large pool of virulence genes are prevailing in Assam. Presence of a transmissible genetic element SXT in 36% of the strains is of major concern as it indicates the emergence of multiple drug resistance among the V. cholerae isolates.  

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE O1 EL TOR ISOLATED ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2006-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
L. A Egiazaryan ◽  
N. A Selyanskaya ◽  
I. B Zakharova ◽  
M. V Podshivalova ◽  
E. A Bereznyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
El Tor

Aim of the study. The analysis of antibiotic resistance and molecular mechanisms of the persistence of Vibrio cholerae О1 El Tor strains, isolated from patients and environmental objects on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2006-2015. Material and Methods. The susceptibility of 34 V. cholerae El Tor strains to 13 antibacterial drugs was determined by the method of serial dilutions in a rich culture medium (Instructional Guidelines (МUК) 4.2.2495-09). Results. The strains showed resistance to 1-5 antibiotics (levomicetin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, furazolidone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) and harbored SXT-element with antibiotic resistance genes. The emergence of quinolone resistance in V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains with accompanying multiple drug resistance limits the choice for drugs for etiotropic therapy and aggravates the possibility of unfavourable cholera outcome.

scholarly journals Resistance to Antibiotics in Thermophilic Campylobacters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Aleksić ◽  
Biljana Miljković-Selimović ◽  
Zoran Tambur ◽  
Nikola Aleksić ◽  
Vladimir Biočanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Permeability Alteration

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is one of the most frequent causes of bacterial enterocolitis globally. The disease in human is usually self-limiting, but when complications arise antibiotic therapy is required at a time when resistance to antibiotics is increasing worldwide. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria are diverse depending on antibiotic type and usage and include: enzymatic destruction or drug inactivation; alteration of the target enzyme; alteration of cell membrane permeability; alteration of ribosome structure and alteration of the metabolic pathway(s). Resistance of Campylobacter spp. to antibiotics, especially fluoroquinolones is now a major public health problem in developed and developing countries. In this review the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracycline, aminoglycoside and the role of integrons in resistance of Campylobacter (especially at the molecular level) are discussed, as well as the mechanisms of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, sulphonamides and trimethoprim. Multiple drug resistance is an increasing problem for treatment of campylobacter infections and emergence of resistant strains and resistance are important One Health issues.

Plasmid-Borne Multiple Drug Resistance in Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O1, Biotype El Tor: Evidence for a Point-Source Outbreak in Bangladesh

1983 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Glass ◽  
M. I. Huq ◽  
J. V. Lee ◽  
E. J. Threlfall ◽  
M. R. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
El Tor

Emergence of multiple drug resistance in Vibrio cholerae 01 El Tor from Ecuador

The Lancet ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 342 (8880) ◽  
pp. 1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Threlfall ◽  
B. Said ◽  
B. Rowe ◽  
A. Dávalos-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
El Tor

scholarly journals Emergence of multiple drug resistance Vibrio cholerae O1 in East Delhi

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukla Das ◽  
Shilpee Choudhry ◽  
Rumpa Saha ◽  
Vishnampettai Ganapathysubramanian Ramachandran ◽  
Kamaldeep Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Secretory Diarrhoea ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Introduction: Considering the changing geographical and temporal occurrence of Vibrio cholerae, there is a continuing need to monitor the strain characteristics and antibiotic resistance patterns of this pathogen. The present study was conducted to document the changing biology of V. cholerae isolates in and around Delhi, India, and the development of antibiotic resistance. Methodology: A total of 1,424 stool samples or rectal swabs from patients with acute secretory diarrhoea admitted to Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, between January 2007 and December 2009 were processed using standard bacteriological methods. Strains identified as V. cholerae were further subjected to serogrouping, phage typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin and tetracycline was determined. Results: V. cholerae was isolated in 242/1,424 (17.0%) specimens. Of these, the majority were V. cholerae O1 serotype (98.3%) and serovar Ogawa. The drugs to which V. cholerae O1 isolates showed high levels of resistance were nalidixic acid, furazolidone, and cotrimoxazole throughout the study period, whereas strains were usually susceptible to chloramphenicol and cefotaxime. In 2007, there was a sudden increase of resistance to gentamicin and tetracycline, followed by a slow reversal to previous levels in subsequent years. The phage typing pattern (Basu and Mukherjee scheme) showed a dominance of phage type 2 throughout the study period. Conclusion: The importance of reporting all cases of V. cholerae, should be greatly emphasized, with the ultimate goal of understanding the constantly changing resistance patterns of this pathogen.

scholarly journals The prescription pattern and awareness about antibiotic prophylaxis and resistance among a group of Egyptian pediatric and general dentists: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Mohsen Aly ◽  
Marwa Aly Elchaghaby
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
General Dentists

Abstract Background The use of antibiotics in dentistry as prophylaxis and treatment is frequent. Their misuse has led to a major public health problem globally known as antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to assess the pattern of antibiotic prescription and its prophylactic use for systemic conditions. Besides, this study evaluated the awareness and adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines and antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines along with awareness of antibiotic resistance across pediatric and general dentists. Methods An overall of 378 pediatric and general dentists meeting the required eligibility criteria, fulfilled a pre-designed validated questionnaire. Data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. Results A significant statistical difference was found among the pediatric and general dentists regarding antibiotics prescription for most of the oral conditions where Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic among the two groups (53% pediatric dentist and 52% general dentist). The majority of pediatric and general dentists, on the other hand, were aware of antibiotic resistance and prescribing recommendations. Conclusions The present study showed a tendency to overprescribe and overuse antibiotics in certain dental conditions among the participants. The vast majority of dentists, especially general dentists do not have adherence to professional guidelines for antibiotics prescription in children despite their awareness of antibiotic resistance and prescription guidelines.

scholarly journals Geographical distribution and antibiotics susceptibility patterns of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae isolates from Kisumu County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas O. Awuor ◽  
Eric O. Omwenga ◽  
Ibrahim I. Daud
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Multiple drug resistance has become a major threat to the treatment of cholera. Recent studies in Kenya have described the epidemiology, especially the risk factors, of cholera; however, there is little information on the phenotypic and drug susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) in outbreaks that in the recent past have occurred in western Kenya.Aim: To characterise and determine the antibiotics’ susceptibility profiling of toxigenic V. cholerae isolates from Kisumu County.Setting: The project was conducted in Kisumu County, Kenya.Methods: A total of 119 V. cholerae O1, biotype El Tor, isolates collected during 2017 cholera outbreak in Kisumu County were used for this study. The samples were cultured on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar and biochemical tests were carried out using standard procedures. Susceptibility tests were conducted by using various conventional antibiotics against standard procedures.Results: Of the 119 isolates, 101 were confirmed to be V. cholerae belonging to serotypes Inaba and Ogawa, with Inaba being the predominant serotype (73.95%). The isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (100%), ofloxacin (100%), gentamycin (100%), doxycycline (99%), ceftriaxone (99%) and streptomycin (96.04%) antimicrobials, and resistant to erythromycin (53.47%), amoxicillin (64.4%), nalidixic acid (83.2%) and ampicillin (89.11%), with high resistance to cotrimoxazole (99%) and tetracycline (97%).Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae was resistant to multiple antibiotics, including those commonly used in the management of cholera. Taken together, there is a need to carry out regular surveillance on antimicrobial drug resistance during outbreaks.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Chemical Quality Assessment of Groundwater Sources from Periurban Area of Bucharest, Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3549-3554
Author(s):  
Florica Marinescu ◽  
Mihaela Ilie ◽  
Gina Ghita ◽  
Ioana Savin ◽  
Carmen Tociu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Maximum Admissible Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Resistance Rates

Twenty-two groundwater sources mainly used for drinking purpose in Bucharest peri-urban area were investigated for assessment of physico-chemical and microbiological quality with a view to determining its potential risk to public health. Results of chemical analysis revealed that nitrites, sulphates and chlorides were below the permissible levels, while 63.64% of the analysed groundwater sources exceeded the maximum admissible concentration for nitrates, with concentration variations ranging from 67.27 to 523.19 mg/L. The bacteriological analysis showed that in about 63% of groundwater sources total coliform, faecal coliform and enterococci have exceeded the threshold limits recommended by the Drinking Water Directive 98/83/EC and the Romanian Law. Another aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative strains isolated from groundwater sources. There observed the resistance to many antibiotics, particularly: ticarcillin (80%), aztreonam (29%), gentamicin (11%), imipenem (9%), ceftriaxone (9%), ceftazidime (3%) and ciprofloxacin (3%). Significant higher resistance rates were observed in strains isolated from shallow groundwater sources as compared with strains isolated from deep groundwater sources. Pseudomonas sp. (26%) isolates with multiple-drug resistance (MDR) were encountered. The results of the study revealed a bacteriological contamination and high levels of nitrate concentrations in most of the groundwater samples, which could pose an important risk to human health.

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