scholarly journals The Transmission and Antibiotic Resistance Variation in a Multiple Drug Resistance Clade of Vibrio cholerae Circulating in Multiple Countries in Asia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e0149742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Pang ◽  
Pengcheng Du ◽  
Zhemin Zhou ◽  
Baowei Diao ◽  
Zhigang Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Resistance Variation

scholarly journals Geographical distribution and antibiotics susceptibility patterns of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae isolates from Kisumu County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas O. Awuor ◽  
Eric O. Omwenga ◽  
Ibrahim I. Daud
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Multiple drug resistance has become a major threat to the treatment of cholera. Recent studies in Kenya have described the epidemiology, especially the risk factors, of cholera; however, there is little information on the phenotypic and drug susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) in outbreaks that in the recent past have occurred in western Kenya.Aim: To characterise and determine the antibiotics’ susceptibility profiling of toxigenic V. cholerae isolates from Kisumu County.Setting: The project was conducted in Kisumu County, Kenya.Methods: A total of 119 V. cholerae O1, biotype El Tor, isolates collected during 2017 cholera outbreak in Kisumu County were used for this study. The samples were cultured on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar and biochemical tests were carried out using standard procedures. Susceptibility tests were conducted by using various conventional antibiotics against standard procedures.Results: Of the 119 isolates, 101 were confirmed to be V. cholerae belonging to serotypes Inaba and Ogawa, with Inaba being the predominant serotype (73.95%). The isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (100%), ofloxacin (100%), gentamycin (100%), doxycycline (99%), ceftriaxone (99%) and streptomycin (96.04%) antimicrobials, and resistant to erythromycin (53.47%), amoxicillin (64.4%), nalidixic acid (83.2%) and ampicillin (89.11%), with high resistance to cotrimoxazole (99%) and tetracycline (97%).Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae was resistant to multiple antibiotics, including those commonly used in the management of cholera. Taken together, there is a need to carry out regular surveillance on antimicrobial drug resistance during outbreaks.

scholarly journals Isolation, Molecular Identification and Multidrug Resistance Profiling of Bacteria Causing Clinical Mastitis in Cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Vatalia ◽  
B.B. Bhanderi ◽  
V.R. Nimavat ◽  
M.K. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Mastitis, the inflammation of parenchyma of mammary gland is frequently considered to be costliest and complex disease prevalent in India. Mastitis is caused by pathogens like Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Mycoplasma bovis, E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp. and Entercoccus. The treatment of mastitis in animals is carried out using antibiotics. Treatment failure in mastitis is due to increased antibiotic resistance of mastitis pathogens and also due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics without testing in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test against causal organisms. In comparison to cultural method, PCR assays takes less time for detection of bacteria from the mastitis milk samples. Present research work was carried out regarding isolation, identification and multiple drug resistance profile of clinical bovine mastitis associated pathogens using conventional as well as molecular approach. Methods: In the present study, 73 mastitis milk samples were collected from Anand and Panchmahal district of Gujarat. The milk samples were subjected for cultural isolation and DNA extraction for identification of bacteria by cultural and PCR method. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolates were carried by disc diffusion method and isolates were categorized in multiple drug resistant. Result: In the present study, Out of 73 mastitis milk samples collected from cows 48 (65.75%) cows were positive for bacterial isolation and S. aureus was the most predominant bacterial species. PCR from the mastitis milk additionally detected bacteria in culturally negative milk samples. Most sensitive drug was gentamicin and most of the isolates (90.19%) showed the multiple drug resistance for the two to nine drugs with 0.1 to 0.6 multiple antibiotic resistance index.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains circulating in Assam: a north eastern state of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajanta Sharma ◽  
Bornali Sarmah Dutta ◽  
Debajit Rabha ◽  
Elmy Samsun Rasul ◽  
Naba Kumar Hazarika
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
El Tor

Background and Objectives: Information on the genetic epidemiology of cholera in Assam, a northeastern state of India is lacking despite cholera being a major public health problem. The study aimed to determine the virulence genes and genes encoding antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae isolates and to determine the prevalent genotypes based on the presence or absence of the virulence genes and ctxB genotype. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five V. cholerae strains were subjected to conventional biotyping and serotyping followed by multiplex PCR to detect ctxA, ctxB, zot, ace, O1rfb, tcpA, ompU, ompW, rtxC, hly and toxR and antibiotic resistance genes. Cholera toxin B (ctxB) gene was amplified followed by sequencing. Results: All the V. cholerae O1 isolates were El Tor Ogawa and showed the presence of the core toxin region representing the genome of the filamentous bacteriophage CTXø. The complete cassette of virulence genes was seen in 48% of the isolates which was the predominant genotype. All the isolates possessed amino acid sequences identical to the El Tor ctxB subunit of genotype 3. sulII gene was detected in 68% of the isolates, dfrA1 in 88%, strB in 48% and SXT gene was detected in 36% of the isolates. Conclusion: Toxigenic V. cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa strains of ctxB genotype 3 carrying a large pool of virulence genes are prevailing in Assam. Presence of a transmissible genetic element SXT in 36% of the strains is of major concern as it indicates the emergence of multiple drug resistance among the V. cholerae isolates.  

scholarly journals Advanced molecular characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic camel neonates in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Momtaz A. Shahein ◽  
Amany N. Dapgh ◽  
Essam Kamel ◽  
Samah F. Ali ◽  
Eman A. Khairy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli

Background and Aim: Camels are important livestock in Egypt on cultural and economic bases, but studies of etiological agents of camelid diseases are limited. The enteropathogen Escherichia coli is a cause of broad spectrum gastrointestinal infections among humans and animals, especially in developing countries. Severe infections can lead to death. The current study aimed to identify pathogenic E. coli strains that cause diarrhea in camel calves and characterize their virulence and drug resistance at a molecular level. Materials and Methods: Seventy fecal samples were collected from diarrheic neonatal camel calves in Giza Governorate during 2018-2019. Samples were cultured on a selective medium for E. coli, and positive colonies were confirmed biochemically, serotyped, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. E. coli isolates were further confirmed through detection of the housekeeping gene, yaiO, and examined for the presence of virulence genes; traT and fimH and for genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, ampC, aadB, and mphA. The isolates in the important isolated serotype, E. coli O26, were examined for toxigenic genes and sequenced. Results: The bacteriological and biochemical examination identified 12 E. coli isolates from 70 fecal samples (17.1%). Serotyping of these isolates showed four types: O26, four isolates, 33.3%; O103, O111, three isolates each, 25%; and O45, two isolates, 16.7%. The isolates showed resistance to vancomycin (75%) and ampicillin (66.6%), but were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline (100%). The structural gene, yaiO (115 bp), was amplified from all 12 E. coli isolates and traT and fimH genes were amplified from 10 and 8 isolates, respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes, ampC, mphA, and aadB, were harbored in 9 (75%), 8 (66.6%), and 5 (41.7%), respectively. Seven isolates (58.3%) were MDR. Real-time-polymerase chain reaction of the O26 isolates identified one isolate harboring vt1, two with vt2, and one isolate with neither gene. Sequencing of the isolates revealed similarities to E. coli O157 strains. Conclusion: Camels and other livestock suffer various diseases, including diarrhea often caused by microbial pathogens. Enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes were isolated from diarrheic neonatal camel calves. These isolates exhibited virulence and multiple drug resistance genes.

scholarly journals Transferable plasmid-mediated drug resistance among non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and rough strains of Vibrio cholerae from Tamilnadu, India

1984 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP. Sundaram ◽  
K. V. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
R Plasmids ◽  
Resistance Markers ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Common

SUMMARYA total of 289 non-O1 Vibrio cholerae (NVC) strains and 20 rough V. cholerae (RVC) strains isolated in an endemic area were tested for antibiotic resistance and for transferable R-plasmids. Twenty three per cent of NVC and 40% of the RVC isolates were found to be resistant to one or more drugs. Eight NVC and four RVC strains possessed multiple drug resistance, varying from four to eight drugs. The common spectrum found in NVC isolates were chloramphenicol and streptomycin (CS) or chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline and ampicillin (CSTA). Resistance to sulphamethoxazole (Su) and to trimethoprim (Tm) was encountered infrequently. In RVC isolates in addition CSTASuTm determinants, resistance markers to aminoglycosides kanamycin, gentamicin and neomycin were also found. Eighteen of the 27 V. cholerae strains with two or more resistance determinants transferred them en bloc to Escherichia coli K12. The level of resistance in the recipient strain was equal to or greater than that of the donor vibrio strains. Most of the strains possessing solitary resistance markers were unable to transfer them. βlactamase production could be demonstrated in 92·8% of the ampicillin resistant strains. None of the strains was resistant to nalidixic acid or furazolidone. The results emphasize the importance of antimicrobic susceptibility determination of V. cholerae isolates, regardless of the serotypes, before commencing chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Vibrio cholerae vceCAB Multiple-Drug Resistance Efflux Operon in Escherichia coli

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (15) ◽  
pp. 5500-5503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin C. Woolley ◽  
Govindsamy Vediyappan ◽  
Matthew Anderson ◽  
Melinda Lackey ◽  
Bhagavathi Ramasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug

ABSTRACT Herein, we identify vceC as a component of a vceCAB operon, which codes for the Vibrio cholerae VceAB multiple-drug resistance (MDR) efflux pump, and vceR, which codes for a transcriptional autoregulatory protein that negatively regulates the expression of the vceCAB operon and is modulated by some of the substrates of this MDR efflux pump.

scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae O139 Multiple-Drug Resistance Mediated by Yersinia pestis pIP1202-Like Conjugative Plasmids

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 3829-3836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Cao Pan ◽  
Rong Ye ◽  
Hao-Qiu Wang ◽  
Hai-Qing Xiang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Multiple Drug

ABSTRACT A conjugative plasmid, pMRV150, which mediated multiple-drug resistance (MDR) to at least six antibiotics, including ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, was identified in a Vibrio cholerae O139 isolate from Hangzhou, eastern China, in 2004. According to partial pMRV150 DNA sequences covering 15 backbone regions, the plasmid is most similar to pIP1202, an IncA/C plasmid in an MDR Yersinia pestis isolate from a Madagascar bubonic plague patient, at an identity of 99.99% (22,180/22,183 nucleotides). pMRV150-like plasmids were found in only 7.69% (1/13) of the O139 isolates tested during the early period of the O139 epidemic in Hangzhou (1994, 1996, and 1997); then the frequency increased gradually from 60.00% (3/5) during 1998 and 1999 to 92.16% (47/51) during 2000 to 2006. Most (42/51) of the O139 isolates bearing pMRV150-like plasmids were resistant to five to six antibiotics, whereas the plasmid-negative isolates were resistant only to one to three antibiotics. In 12 plasmid-bearing O139 isolates tested, the pMRV150-like plasmids ranged from approximately 140 kb to 170 kb and remained at approximately 1 or 2 copies per cell. High (4.50 × 10−2 and 3.08 × 10−2) and low (0.88 × 10−8 to 3.29 × 10−5) plasmid transfer frequencies, as well as no plasmid transfer (under the detection limit), from these O139 isolates to the Escherichia coli recipient were observed. The emergence of pMRV150-like or pIP1202-like plasmids in many bacterial pathogens and nonpathogens occupying diverse niches with global geographical distribution indicates an increasing risk to public health worldwide. Careful tracking of these plasmids in the microbial ecosystem is warranted.

Intrinsic antibiotic resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) rhizobia

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Garg ◽  
N. Beri ◽  
P. Tauro
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Wild Type

SUMMARYMore than 200 wild type isolates of chickpea (C. arietinum) rhizobia were screened for their drug resistance. Only 15 were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics at a concentration of 5 μg/ml (units/ml). When tested for multiple drug resistance, some were found to be resistant to more than one antibiotic. In competition studies, rhizobia resistant to streptomycin were found to be more competitive than antibioticsensitive strains, while those resistant to penicillin could not compete even with antibiotic-sensitive strains.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE O1 EL TOR ISOLATED ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2006-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
L. A Egiazaryan ◽  
N. A Selyanskaya ◽  
I. B Zakharova ◽  
M. V Podshivalova ◽  
E. A Bereznyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
El Tor

Aim of the study. The analysis of antibiotic resistance and molecular mechanisms of the persistence of Vibrio cholerae О1 El Tor strains, isolated from patients and environmental objects on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2006-2015. Material and Methods. The susceptibility of 34 V. cholerae El Tor strains to 13 antibacterial drugs was determined by the method of serial dilutions in a rich culture medium (Instructional Guidelines (МUК) 4.2.2495-09). Results. The strains showed resistance to 1-5 antibiotics (levomicetin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, furazolidone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) and harbored SXT-element with antibiotic resistance genes. The emergence of quinolone resistance in V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains with accompanying multiple drug resistance limits the choice for drugs for etiotropic therapy and aggravates the possibility of unfavourable cholera outcome.

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