scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Hormozgan Province, South of Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra KHADEMI ◽  
Fatemeh GHAFFARIFAR ◽  
ABDOLHOSSEIN Dalimi ◽  
Parivash DAVOODIAN ◽  
Amir ABDOLI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The People ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Background: Toxoplasmosis can cause miscarriage or complications in the fetus. Diagnosis and treatment of this disease by anti-parasitic drugs especially in early pregnancy can help to prevent fetal infection and its complications. This study aimed to determine T. gondii infection in pregnant women, evaluate risk factors in the transmission of the disease and congenital toxoplasmosis. Methods: Overall, 360 sera of pregnant women from 5 cities in the Hormozgan Province in southern Iran with different climate were evaluated from 2015-2016 for T. gondii infection by using ELISA method and positive cases of IgM and IgG were tested again using Avidity IgG ELISA. All cases were evaluated according to climate, acute and chronic of toxoplasmosis, number of pregnancy and abortion, epidemiological factors and food habits. Results: Among 360 specimens T. gondii IgG + IgM antibodies were found positive in 0. 8% subjects and also 27% of samples had IgG seropositivity. A significant relationship was observed between age, sampling place, consumption of raw and half cooked meat, history of contact with cats, abortion history, number of children, and parity with IgG positive. In Avidity IgG ELISA test, 13 people with low avidity, 3 people with borderline avidity were reported. Conclusion: 72. 2% of the population had no antibody against the disease that this could be a warning to the people and requires education of preventive and prenatal care and routine screening of women at childbearing age.

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women from the North of Portugal in their childbearing years

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 872-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. LOPES ◽  
J. P. DUBEY ◽  
O. MOUTINHO ◽  
M. J. GARGATÉ ◽  
A. VILARES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
The North ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Ig G

SUMMARYSeroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors were investigated in 401 women of childbearing age from the North of Portugal. Of the 98 (24·4%) seropositive women, 92 (93·9%) only had immunoglobulin (Ig)G, two (2·0%) only had IgM, and four (4·1%) others had both IgG and IgM. Risk factors for T. gondii infection in women were: engaging in soil-related activities without gloves [odds ratio (OR) 8·4], consumption of unwashed raw vegetables or fruit (OR 7·6), and consumption of smoked or cured (non-cooked) processed pork products (OR 2·5). Most women of childbearing age from the North Portugal are susceptible to primary infection with T. gondii and, therefore, the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis remains high.

Abstract WP186: Pregnancy Associated Hemorrhagic Strokes Differ in Mechanisms and Risk Factors Compared with Hemorrhagic Strokes in Non-pregnant Young Women and Men

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza C Miller ◽  
Kathryn M Sundheim ◽  
Joshua Z Willey ◽  
Amelia K Boehme ◽  
Randolph S Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Stroke Registry ◽  
Good Outcome ◽  
Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stroke Mechanism

Background: Pregnancy-associated hemorrhagic stroke (HS), while rare, is a significant cause of maternal mortality. Prior studies have suggested that the pathophysiology of HS may differ in pregnant/postpartum women when compared with HS in other young adults. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected stroke registry, for patients aged 18-45, admitted with HS of any type from 01/2008-03/2015. We reviewed charts for study variables, including patient characteristics, risk factors, stroke mechanisms, and outcomes. Good outcome was defined as modified Rankin score of 0-2 at time of discharge. We compared study variables between three groups: pregnant/postpartum women, non-pregnant/postpartum women, and men. Results: Of 219 young adults with HS during the study period, 93 (42%) were men and 126 (58%) were women, of whom 19 (15.1%) were pregnant/postpartum. Among men, 58 (62.4%) had ICH and 41 (33.3%) had SAH, 31 (75.6%) of which were aneurysmal. Among non-pregnant women, 49 (45.8%) had ICH and 61 (57%) had SAH, 53 (87%) of which were aneurysmal. Among pregnant/postpartum women, 10 had ICH (52.6%) and 11 (57.9%) had SAH, 1 of which was aneurysmal. Compared with men and with non-pregnant women, pregnant/postpartum women had fewer vascular risk factors, were more likely to have history of migraine, and were more likely to have the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome as stroke mechanism (11/19, 57.9% versus 0/93 men and 2/107 non-pregnant women, p=0.0001). While there were no deaths in the pregnant/postpartum group, there were no significant differences between groups in good outcome (Table). Conclusions: In our analysis, pregnancy-associated hemorrhages were uniquely non-aneurysmal and associated with fewer cerebrovascular risk factors than age-matched men and non-pregnant women, suggesting there is a pregnancy-specific pathophysiology for HS that requires special consideration.

Papillomaviral infection and cervical diseases in pregnant women. Risk factors of social status, reproductive and contraceptive behavior

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Tamara N. Bebneva ◽  
Galina B. Dikke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Contraceptive Behavior ◽  
Regular Screening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cervical Diseases

Aim. To determine the risk factors for human papillomavirus of high carcinogenic risk (HPV HCR) and cervical diseases (CD) in pregnant women associated with the social status, reproductive and contraceptive behavior. Materials and methods. Design: open-label comparative non-interventional cohort study in parallel groups. The total number of patients 330 people, of whom 148 women were negative for HPV and 182 women were positive. They were divided into 4 groups depending on the presence or absence of CD. Methods: analysis of anamnesis data, general clinical, test Kvant-21 to determine HPV, cytological examination, extended colposcopy. Results. The most significant risk factors for HPV HRS infection were identified: history of mycoplasma infection (OR 5.9) and BV (OR 5.3), alcohol consumption (OR 4.0). A history of STIs (trichomoniasis and chlamydial infection), as well as more than 3 sexual partners (OR 2.7) were also significant. The most significant risk factors for CD in HPV-infected women were: age over 35 years (OR 3.8), a history of bacterial vaginosis (OR 3.0), and lack of regular screening (OR 2.4). The coitarche earlier than 16 years old (OR 2.2) also mattered. There were also found factors indicating a low risk of HPV infection the use of condoms (OR 0.3), and a low risk of CD was indicated by age under 25 years (OR 0.2) and regular screening (OR 0.3). Conclusion. HPV infection with HRS and the prevalence of CMC in pregnant women against the background of HPV infection is associated mainly with social risk factors, to a lesser extent with factors of reproductive and contraceptive behavior.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanata Bamba ◽  
Mamoudou Cissé ◽  
Ibrahim Sangaré ◽  
Adama Zida ◽  
Souleymane Ouattara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Bobo Dioulasso ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

scholarly journals Risk factor of severe preeclampsia in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Rahmah Kartika ◽  
Muhammad Ilham Aldika Akbar ◽  
Pirlina Umiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
History Of

Objectives: to determine which of the risk factors above associated with the occurrence of severe preeclampsia at dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya during 2015.Materials and Methods: The type and design of the study were analytic and retrospective. This study was held in the dr. Soetomo Hospital from April until November 2016. The instrument of the study was the medical records then being coded and analysed. The samples were 134 pregnant women, consisting of 67 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia as cases and 67 pregnant women as controls.Results: Maternal obesity (OR= 5,786; 95% CI: 2,300–14,555), history of hypertension (OR= 6,693; 95% CI: 1,848–24,237) and secondary elderly primi (OR= 6,384; 95% CI: 1,357–30,031) are associated with the development of severe preeclampsia.Conclusion: In conclusion, the significant risk factors of severe preeclampsia in dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya during 2015 are obesity, history of hypertension and secondary elderly primi variables.

Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and associated risk factors in women in selected districts of Punjab province, Pakistan

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (10) ◽  
pp. 1133-1139
Author(s):  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
Zona Amjad ◽  
Tahir Mahmood Khan ◽  
Abdul Maalik ◽  
Anam Iftikhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Binomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Punjab Province

AbstractToxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma (T.) gondii. Limited data are available on the occurrence of T. gondii in women especially pregnant women in Pakistan. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence and risk factors associated with T. gondii in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Punjab Province, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 593 samples were collected from pregnant (n = 293) and non-pregnant (n = 300) women of District Headquarter Hospitals of Chiniot, Faisalabad, Jhang and Okara, Pakistan. Data related to demographic parameters and risk factors were collected using a pretested questionnaire on blood sampling day. Serum samples were screened for antibodies (IgG) against T. gondii using ELISA. A univariant and binomial logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between seropositive and explanatory variables considering the 95% confidence interval. P value ⩽0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analysis. Out of 593, 44 (7.42%) women were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibodies. Occupation, age, sampling location, socioeconomic status, contact with cat, pregnancy status and trimester of pregnancy were significantly associated with seropositivity for T. gondii antibodies. Location and trimester of pregnancy were identified as potential risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity based on binomial logistic regression. Toxoplasma gondii is prevalent in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Therefore, now a necessitated awareness is required to instruct the individuals about these infectious diseases (toxoplasmosis) and their control strategies to maintain the health of human population. Moreover, health awareness among public can help the minimization of T. gondii infection during pregnancy and subsequent risk of congenital toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Maternal complications and risk factors for mortality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulis Diana ◽  
Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni ◽  
Budi Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Referral

Background: Maternal mortality could be prevented through early detection, including the period preceding pregnancy. Women of childbearing age are faced with extreme uncertainties, hence the purpose of this study was to analyse maternal complications and the possible high-risk factors connected to maternal mortality.Design and methods: A case-control study was used to study the causes of maternal mortalities amongst pregnant, delivering, and postpartum mothers between 2017 and 2018. A total sample size of 48 samples was selected through simple random sampling. Results: The result of logistic regression analysis showed nutritional status, prominence of anemia, history of illness, age, antenatal care ANC examination, method of delivery, late referral, occupational status, as well as postpartum complications, as the most influencing risk factors. This very high significance for maternal mortality was based on the chi-square value of 109.431 (p equal to 0.000), and R square (0.897). Conclusions: In conclusion, the potential risk factors of maternal mortality include nutritional status, state of anemia, history of illness, age, ANC examination, delivery method, late referral, occupational status, and pregnancy complications, which is specifically the most dominant factor.

scholarly journals Congenital toxoplasmosis: perception of knowledge and primary prevention measures among healthcare professionals and pregnant women treated in public healthcare facilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Loureiro De Moura ◽  
Patricia Riddell Millar ◽  
Ana Beatriz Monteiro Fonseca ◽  
Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Community Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Before And After

Aims: To evaluate knowledge about toxoplasmosis among pregnant women and healthcare professionals and to evaluate the knowledge acquired by pregnant women after health education actions.  Methods: Five hundred pregnant women and 141 healthcare professionals from health units in Niterói, state of Rio de Janeiro, answered a questionnaire, received information about toxoplasmosis and had access to an interactive educational model and to folders between 2013 and 2016. After 3 months, 145 pregnant women answered the questionnaire once again.  Results: Of 500 pregnant women, 226 (45.2%) reported having heard about toxoplasmosis. Among these, 23.5% had obtained information from friends and 19.0% from their doctors. About their exposure to risk factors, 6.8% had had contact with cat feces; 14.0% had had contact with soil without gloves; 23.4% had ingested undercooked meat; and 24.0% had drunk unfiltered water from the public supply system. The questionnaires of 145 pregnant women before and after the educational activities were compared and showed that contact with soil without gloves dropped significantly from 11.0% to 4.8% (p = 0.022) while consumption of unfiltered water fell from 26.9% to 20.0% (p < 0.001). Washing foods (62.1%), washing hands (62.1%) and consumption of well-cooked meat (61.4%) were the most widely cited preventive measures. Many mistakes were reported among healthcare professionals, and one nursing technician and 13 community healthcare agents (9.9%) had not heard about toxoplasmosis.  Conclusions: Lack of knowledge about toxoplasmosis by most of the interviewed pregnant women, in addition to the misconceptions observed among healthcare professionals, leads to the conclusion that little importance has been given so far to primary prevention of toxoplasmosis during the prenatal period. Also, health professionals’ inadequate knowledge could be detrimental to secondary prevention, which consists of early detection and treatment of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. In this study, educational intervention contributed to improving knowledge about the transmission and prevention of toxoplasmosis by pregnant women and, to a lesser extent, to reducing exposure to some risk factors.  

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Viral Diarrhea in Improved Cattle of Chitwan, Nawalpur and Rupandehi Districts of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
A. Thapa ◽  
M. P. Acharya ◽  
R. Raut ◽  
S. Rimal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
History Of

  This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in improved dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nawalpur and Rupandehi Districts of Nepal. Altogether 92 blood samples were aseptically collected from jugular vein of cattle and transferred to clot activator tube and transported to National Cattle Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan. This cross sectional study was carried out from Mangsir to Magh of 2075 B.S using purposive sampling Serum separation was done by centrifugation @3500 for 5 minutes. The serum was stored at -20°C till ELISA test was done. Serological analysis was done according to the protocol of ID.vet BVD Ab ELISA kit. Data were analyzed using Ms excel and SPSS version 20.0.The seroprevalence of BVD Virus was found to be 7.76%. Provided that no history of vaccination against BVD in cattle was done in the study area, seropositive was due to natural infection. Geographic location as well as sampling method might have contributed to this result. The result indicated lower prevalence along with no statistical significance to breed and age risk factors undertaken during the research. However significant association was observed between abortion history and seropositivity. Hence, there is a need of further research to identify the disease burden and its impact in the agricultural gross domestic products (AGDP).  

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