scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Leishmania spp. in Skin and Blood of Stray Dogs from Endemic Areas of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah D. ALANAZI ◽  
Robert PUSCHENDORF ◽  
Mohamed S. ALYOUSIF ◽  
Mohamed S. Al-KHALIFA ◽  
Samir A. ALHARBI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs

Background: Dogs can act as reservoirs of canine leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania species. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis using a PCR technique among stray dogs living in three provinces of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Al-Ahsa Oasis and Al-Qaseem, where the disease is endemic; and to identify and document different Leishmania to species levels Methods: This cross-sectional investigation was conducted, from Mar 2016 to Apr 2018, in three parts of Saudi Arabia: Central province (Riyadh), Eastern province (Al-Ahsa Oasis) and Al-Qaseem province. Blood samples were collected from 526 dogs; 40 presented cutaneous nodules so were suspected clinically of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Biopsy tissue collections and parasite cultures were performed. A generic kDNA was performed using different primers for Leishmania differentiation. Results: All blood samples were negative for Leishmania infantum infection by molecular analysis, though forty dogs had thick cutaneous lesions in different parts of their body. Four dogs’ skin lesions were associated with dermatitis, splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly. Parasite culture was used to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis, identifying 31/40 (77.5%) positive samples. Overall, of 526 samples, the prevalence of L. major and L. tropica was found to be 4% and 1.9%, respectively. Gender and age had a significant effect on Leishmania prevalence: (P=0.0212 and 0.0357), respectively. Conclusion: This was the first molecular study of dog leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia of dogs confirmed to have cutaneous leishmaniasis. Further epidemiological and molecular investigations of domestic and wild canine infections with L. major, L. tropica and L. infantum in endemic and nonendemic areas of Saudi Arabia are required, for leishmaniasis control.

scholarly journals Anti-Leishmanial Effect of Oral Zinc Sulfate in Acute Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Mini-review

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Tagwa A. M. Salih ◽  
Bashir A. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Significant Addition ◽  
And Function

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic parasitic infection caused by various Leishmania species, with a specific predisposition of each species into a particular geographical area. Cutaneous lesions can either be a single, limited skin lesion or multiple, large, locally destructions skin lesions.  Several therapies are proposed for CL, but severe side effects, high costs, and incomplete efficacy make researchers find replaceable therapies. Since the usage of zinc sulfate as a therapeutic agent has a long history in treating of various dermatological diseases, Zinc plays an essential role in the development and function of innate immunity cells (neutrophils and natural killer cells), which play significant roles in killing parasites. It also has a significant inhibitory effect on key enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism and virulence of L. major and L.tropica. Therefore, its use as an oral therapy for CL might represent a significant addition to the armamentarium of anti-leishmanial medications.  This review summarizes and discusses previous and recent findings regarding the therapeutic roles of oral zinc sulfate in cutaneous leishmaniasis therapy. 

scholarly journals Molecular Characterisation of Leishmania Species from Stray Dogs and Patients in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah D Alanazi ◽  
Abdulazi S Alouffi ◽  
Mohamed S Alyousif ◽  
Abdulsadah A Rahi ◽  
Magda A Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in several parts of the world, with a large number of cases recorded in the Middle East. However, when they occur in sympatry, the role of each species of Leishmania in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is not clear. Methods: To determine the frequency of occurrence and to identify the species of Leishmania that infect humans and stray dogs in Riyadh and Al-Qaseem (Saudi Arabia), 311 stray dogs and 27 human patients who were suspected for Leishmania were examined for CL by a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR).Results: The use of nPCR detected seven patients (25.9%) who were positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Five patients from Riyadh were infected by L. major and two from Al-Qaseem by L. tropica. In addition, five dogs (1.6%) were infected by L. tropica. Conclusions: This is one of the first molecular studies of leishmaniasis to be conducted in Saudi Arabia. The relationship between the sand-fly vectors and the reservoirs of both Leishmania spp. is still scarcely known in this region, and epidemiological investigations are required in order to progress towards control and prevention of the infection in canine and human populations.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Leishmania species from stray dogs and patients in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah D Alanazi ◽  
Abdulazi S Alouffi ◽  
Mohamed S Alyousif ◽  
Abdulsadah A Rahi ◽  
Magda A Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in several parts of the world, with a large number of cases recorded in the Middle East. However, when occurring in sympatry, the role of each species of Leishmania in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is not clear. Methods: To determine the prevalence and to identify the species of Leishmania that infects humans and stray dogs in Riyadh and Al-Qassim (Saudi Arabia), 311 stray dogs and 27 human patients, suspected for Leishmania, were examined for CL by a nested PCR (nPCR).Results: Nested PCR (nPCR) detected seven patients (25.9%) positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Five patients from Riyadh were infected by L. major and two from Al-Qassim by L. tropica. In addition, five dogs (1.6%) were infected by L. tropica. Conclusions: This is one of the first molecular studies of leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia. The relationship between the sand fly vectors and the reservoirs of both Leishmania spp. is still scarcely known in this region, and further epidemiological investigations of domestic and wild canids infected with L. major and L. tropica are needed towards a control and prevention of the infection in canine and human populations.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Leishmania species from stray dogs and patients in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah D Alanazi ◽  
Abdulazi S Alouffi ◽  
Mohamed S Alyousif ◽  
Abdulsadah A Rahi ◽  
Magda A Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in several parts of the world, with a large number of cases recorded in the Middle East. However, when occurring in sympatry, the role of each species of Leishmania in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is not clear. Methods: To determine the prevalence and to identify the species of Leishmania that infects humans and stray dogs in Riyadh and Al-Qassim (Saudi Arabia), 311 stray dogs and 27 human patients, suspected for Leishmania, were examined for CL by a nested PCR (nPCR).Results: Nested PCR (nPCR) detected seven patients (25.9%) positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Five patients from Riyadh were infected by L. major and two from Al-Qassim by L. tropica. In addition, five dogs (1.6%) were infected by L. tropica. Conclusions: This is one of the first molecular studies of leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia. The relationship between the sand fly vectors and the reservoirs of both Leishmania spp. is still scarcely known in this region, and further epidemiological investigations of domestic and wild canids infected with L. major and L. tropica are needed towards a control and prevention of the infection in canine and human populations.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Leishmania species from stray dogs and patients in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah D Alanazi ◽  
Abdulazi S Alouffi ◽  
Mohamed S Alyousif ◽  
Abdulsadah A Rahi ◽  
Magda A Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in several parts of the world, with a large number of cases recorded in the Middle East. However, when occurring in sympatry, the role of each species of Leishmania in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is not clear. Methods: To determine the prevalence and to identify the species of Leishmania that infects humans and stray dogs in Riyadh and Al-Qaseem (Saudi Arabia), 311 stray dogs and 27 human patients, suspected for Leishmania, were examined for CL by a nested PCR (nPCR).Results: Nested PCR (nPCR) detected seven patients (25.9%) positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Five patients from Riyadh were infected by L. major and two from Al-Qaseem by L. tropica. In addition, five dogs (1.6%) were infected by L. tropica. Conclusions: This is one of the first molecular studies of leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia. The relationship between the sand fly vectors and the reservoirs of both Leishmania spp. is still scarcely known in this region, and further epidemiological investigations of domestic and wild canids infected with L. major and L. tropica are needed towards a control and prevention of the infection in canine and human populations.

scholarly journals Dermoscopy and Trichoscopy in Dermatomyositis—A Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Magdalena Żychowska ◽  
Adam Reich
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatoses ◽  
Curved Vessels ◽  
Established Role

Background: (Video)dermoscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that has a well-established role in dermatooncology. In recent years, this method has also been increasingly used in the assessment of inflammatory dermatoses. So far, little is known about the (video)dermoscopic features of dermatomyositis (DM). Methods: Consecutive patients with DM were included in the study and videodermoscopic assessments of the nailfolds, scalp, and active skin lesions were performed. Results: Fifteen patients with DM (10 women and 5 men) were included. Capillaroscopy showed elongated capillaries (90.9%), avascular areas (81.8%), disorganized vessel architecture (81.8%), tortuous capillaries (72.7%), dilated capillaries (72.7%), and hemorrhages (72.7%). The trichoscopic findings included linear branched vessels (80.0%), linear vessels (60.0%), linear curved vessels (53.3%), perifollicular pigmentation (40.0%), perifollicular erythema (33.3%), scaling (20.0%), white (20.0%) or yellow (20%) interfollicular scales, and white (20.0%) or pinkish (13.3%) structureless areas. Polymorphic vessels of an unspecific distribution and white or pink structureless areas were frequently observed under dermoscopy in cutaneous manifestations of DM, including Gottron’s papules and Gottron’s sign. Conclusions: Dermoscopy of the nailfolds (capillaroscopy), scalp (tricoscopy), and active cutaneous lesions may be of value in the preliminary diagnosis of DM.

scholarly journals An Observational Cross-Sectional Study of the Proportion of Cutaneous Lesions Affecting External Ear, Presenting to Outpatient Clinic of a Tertiary Care Medical College in the Eastern Part of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
pp. 1414-1419
Author(s):  
Kanishka Chowdhury ◽  
Sabyasachi Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

BACKGROUND Cutaneous lesions of external ear are quite common in clinical practice. Patients often present with various cutaneous lesions of the external ear to various disciplines. They are often underdiagnosed as many lesions, though commonly diagnosed by our dermatologist colleague are missed by other clinicians. These lesions can be classified in various ways, according to the aetiology, and according to the anatomic sites. In the present study, we tried to assess the prevalence of different skin lesions affecting external ear presenting to an ENT and skin outpatient department of a tertiary care medical college in Eastern part of India. METHODS This is a descriptive observational study, cross sectional in design. 240 patients attended the outpatient department with cutaneous lesions affecting external ear from January 2019 to February 2020. The patients presenting in both ENT and skin outpatient department were chosen randomly. Cases were diagnosed based on history and clinical examination and appropriate investigation as required. All cases were categorised into 5 types (infective, inflammatory, autoimmune, neoplasm & naevi, and reactive & reparative) according to the aetiology. In each category, prevalence of various skin lesions was recorded. RESULTS A total number of 240 cases were detected during the study period. Among them, infective 43.33 %, inflammatory 30.83 %, autoimmune 9.17 %, neoplasm & naevi 4.17 % and reactive & reparative were 12.82 %. Taenia was the most common lesions encountered (20.51 %) followed by keloid (12.5 %). Impetigo and seborrheic dermatitis shared same number of cases (9.4 %). Neoplastic lesions were the least common. CONCLUSIONS With some awareness and basic knowledge, many of the cutaneous lesions of external ear can be diagnosed and treated whenever patients report to a clinician, thus saving valuable time, effort and money of the patient. KEYWORDS Cutaneous Lesions, Skin Lesions, External Ear

scholarly journals Macrophage Polarization in the Skin Lesion Caused by Neotropical Species of Leishmania sp

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Carmen M. Sandoval Pacheco ◽  
Gabriela V. Araujo Flores ◽  
Kadir Gonzalez ◽  
Claudia M. de Castro Gomes ◽  
Luiz F. D. Passero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Acquired Immune Responses

Macrophages play important roles in the innate and acquired immune responses against Leishmania parasites. Depending on the subset and activation status, macrophages may eliminate intracellular parasites; however, these host cells also can offer a safe environment for Leishmania replication. In this sense, the fate of the parasite may be influenced by the phenotype of the infected macrophage, linked to the subtype of classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. In the present study, M1 and M2 macrophage subsets were analyzed by double-staining immunohistochemistry in skin biopsies from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis ,and L. (L.) infantum chagasi. High number of M1 macrophages was detected in nonulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi ( M 1 = 112 ± 12 , M 2 = 43 ± 12 cells/mm2). On the other side, high density of M2 macrophages was observed in the skin lesions of patients with anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL) ( M 1 = 195 ± 25 , M 2 = 616 ± 114 ), followed by cases of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) caused by L. (L.) amazonensis ( M 1 = 97 ± 24 , M 2 = 219 ± 29 ), L. (V.) panamensis ( M 1 = 71 ± 14 , M 2 = 164 ± 14 ), and L. (V.) braziliensis ( M 1 = 50 ± 13 , M 2 = 53 ± 10 ); however, low density of M2 macrophages was observed in NUCL. The data presented herein show the polarization of macrophages in skin lesions caused by different Leishmania species that may be related with the outcome of the disease.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Species Caused Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southern Zone of Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Barazesh ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Motazedian ◽  
Moradali Fouladvand ◽  
Gholamreza Hatam ◽  
Saeed Tajbakhsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Main Factor

Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica are two main species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Iran. Recently, Crithidia spp. has also been reported in the wound of patients with CL. In this study, we determined the species causing CL in the southern of Iran and the role of Crithidia spp. in creating skin ulcers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study from Apr to Sep 2016, 66 patients with CL referred to Diagnostic Lab of Leishmaniasis, Valfajr Health Center, Shiraz, Iran, were selected. After DNA extraction from the Giemsa stained smears, all samples were amplified in two separate steps using specific primers, firstly, to differentiate Leishmania species and then to identify Crithidia spp. Results: Two species L. major and L. tropica were responsible for 60 and 6 cases, respectively. Moreover, in two patients, mixed infection with Crithidia was confirmed. In mix infection cases, the morphology of the cutaneous ul­cers was not different from the wounds of other patients. Conclusion: Leishmania major is responsible for the most common CL in southern Iran. In addition, in two patients with L. major and L. tropica, mix infection with Crithidia was confirmed. The potential role of Crithidia as the main factor for CL and the probability of this parasite to have synergistic effects on Leishmania, as a hypothesis, requires more comprehensive researches on the ambiguity of this protozoon.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major from stray dogs and patients in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah D Alanazi ◽  
Abdulazi S Alouffi S Alouffi ◽  
Mohamed S Alyousif S Alyousif ◽  
Abdulsadah A Rahi ◽  
Magda A Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in several parts of the world, with a large number of cases recorded in the Middle East. However, when occurring in sympatry, the role of each species of Leishmania in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is not clear. Methods: To determine the prevalence and to identify the species of Leishmania that infects humans and stray dogs in Riyadh and Al-Qassim (Saudi Arabia), 311 stray dogs and 27 human patients, suspected for Leishmania, were examined for CL by a nested PCR (nPCR).Results: Nested PCR (nPCR) detected seven patients (25.9%) positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Five patients from Riyadh were infected by L. major and two from Al-Qassim by L. tropica. In addition, five dogs (1.6%) were infected by L. tropica. Conclusions: This is one of the first molecular studies of leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia. The relationship between the sand fly vectors and the reservoirs of both Leishmania spp. is still scarcely known in this region, and further epidemiological investigations of domestic and wild canids infected with L. major and L. tropica are needed towards a control and prevention of the infection in canine and human populations.

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