scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis and Genetics Polymorphisms Evaluation of ROP8 and B1 Genes of Toxoplasma gondii in Livestock and Poul-try Hosts of Yazd, Qom and Golestan Provinces of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Azimpour-Ardakan ◽  
Reza Fotouhi-Ardakani ◽  
Nasser Hoghooghi-Rad ◽  
Nourdehr Rokni ◽  
Abbasali Motallebi
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Type I ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Isolates ◽  
Atypical Strains

Background: A high correlation is observed between specific clonal lineages and host types in toxoplasmosis. The main objectives of this study were comparing polymorphism and evolutionary analysis of the B1 and ROP8 genes, as well as the evaluation of phylogenic and Toxoplasma gondii isolates obtained from different hosts and regions. Methods: Overall 96 brain/ diaphragm tissue samples of livestock and poultry from three provinces of Iran (cows: 9 from Yazd, 9 from Qom; sheep: 19 from Yazd, 7 from Qom; goats: 7 from Yazd, 4 from Qom; one camel from Yazd and 37 chickens, 2 roosters and one duck from Golestan) were tested during 2018-19. A nested PCR and PCR-PCR methods were developed with the B1 and ROP8 genes. Evaluation of genetic proximity, genetic diversity and evolutionary analysis were done using MEGA-X and DnaSP5 software. Thirty samples of both genes were sequenced (18 B1 and 12 ROP8 genes), and submitted to the GenBank (MN275903-MN275932). Results: Tajima's D index analyses showed that both genes were in the negative direction of evolution. The B1 gene was more sensitive than the ROP8 gene. The ROP8 gene showed better and more acceptable results in terms of the relationship between the host and the genotyping of the samples. Conclusion: The B1 gene was only an attractive target for rapid detection of T. gondii parasites, whereas the ROP8 gene due to a high level of polymorphism was able to isolate the three clonal lineages (type I, II and III), inter-types and even atypical strains from different isolates of T. gondii.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and B1 gene Phylogeny of Toxoplasma gondii of Dogs and Cats in Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Yeojin Park ◽  
Jinhyeong Noh ◽  
Hyun-Ji Seo ◽  
Keun-Ho Kim ◽  
Subin Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Type I ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Gene Phylogeny ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Hygienic Measure

The outbreak of human toxoplasmosis can be attributed to ingestion of food contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmosis recently increased in domestic and stray dogs and cats. It prompted studies on the zoonotic infectious diseases transmitted via these animals. Sero- and antigen prevalences of T. gondii in dogs and cats were surveyed using ELISA and PCR, and B1 gene phylogeny was analyzed in this study. Toxoplasmosis antibodies were measured on sera of 403 stray cats, 947 stray dogs, 909 domestic cats, and 2,412 domestic dogs collected at nationwide regions, Korea from 2017 to 2019. In addition, whole blood, feces, and tissue samples were also collected from stray cats (1,392), stray dogs (686), domestic cats (3,040), and domestic dogs (1,974), and T. gondii-specific B1 gene PCR was performed. Antibody prevalence of stray cats, stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs were 14.1%, 5.6%, 2.3%, and 0.04%, respectively. Antigen prevalence of these animals was 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.4%, respectively. Stray cats revealed the highest infection rate of toxoplasmosis, followed by stray dogs, domestic cats, and domestic dogs. B1 gene positives were 5 of stray cats, and identified to high/moderate pathogenic Type I/III group. These findings enforce that preventive hygienic measure should be strengthened at One Health level in dogs and cats, domestic and stray, to minimize human toxoplasmosis infections.

Evidence of the three main clonalToxoplasma gondiilineages from wild mammalian carnivores in the UK

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (14) ◽  
pp. 1768-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BURRELLS ◽  
P. M. BARTLEY ◽  
I. A. ZIMMER ◽  
S. ROY ◽  
A. C. KITCHENER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondiiis a zoonotic pathogen defined by three main clonal lineages (types I, II, III), of which type II is most common in Europe. Very few data exist on the prevalence and genotypes ofT. gondiiin the UK. Wildlife can act as sentinel species forT. gondiigenotypes present in the environment, which may subsequently be transmitted to livestock and humans. DNA was extracted from tissue samples of wild British carnivores, including 99 ferrets, 83 red foxes, 70 polecats, 65 mink, 64 badgers and 9 stoats. Parasite DNA was detected using a nested ITS1 PCR specific forT. gondii, PCR positive samples were subsequently genotyped using five PCR–RFLP markers.Toxoplasma gondiiDNA was detected within all these mammal species and prevalence varied from 6·0 to 44·4% depending on the host. PCR–RFLP genotyping identified type II as the predominant lineage, but type III and type I alleles were also identified. No atypical or mixed genotypes were identified within these animals. This study demonstrates the presence of alleles for all three clonal lineages with potential for transmission to cats and livestock. This is the first DNA-based study ofT. gondiiprevalence and genotypes across a broad range of wild British carnivores.

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in cerebrospinal fluid from AIDS patients by nested PCR and rapid identification of type I allele at B1 gene by RFLP analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenisey Alfonso ◽  
Jorge Fraga ◽  
Narciso Jiménez ◽  
Carlos Fonseca ◽  
Alberto J. Dorta-Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Type I ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
B1 Gene

scholarly journals STUDIES ON MENINGOCOCCUS INFECTION

1935 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Rake
Keyword(s):  
Carrier State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Serological Reaction ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Atypical Strains

The investigation of this isolated epidemic of meningococcus meningitis at a C.C.C. camp gave an opportunity to examine the carrier state in contacts carrying what were presumably virulent epidemic strains of organisms. With the aid of Miller's technique for the enhancement of the demonstrable virulence of meningococci for mice, it proved possible to test the virulence of the carrier strains from Camp Rusk. These results were consistent despite the interval of from 3 to 4 weeks which intervened between the isolation of the strains and the virulence titrations. Type I strains were found to have a high virulence, while the virulence of Type II strains was moderately high but definitely less than that of the Type I, and atypical strains and strains of N. catarrhalis isolated from carriers showed a very low virulence. The question of the precise nature of the carrier state was investigated. No evidence has been obtained yet as to the existence of a relationship between pharyngitis, coryza or upper respiratory disease and the presence and degree of the carrier state. This is unlike the situation with regard to pneumococcus carriers. On the other hand, it has proved possible to demonstrate reactions within the body to the meningococci in the nasopharynx, consisting of the formation of agglutinins and protective antibodies in the blood serum. 32.3 per cent of Type I and 60 per cent of Type II carrier sera showed moderate or good agglutinins for homologous organisms and 80 per cent of Type I and 40 per cent of Type II sera showed moderate or good protective antibodies against virulent homologous strains. No idea could be obtained as to the relationship of the presence or absence and the degree of serological reaction and the duration of the carrier state.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from eared doves (Zenaida auriculata) in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Daniel de Barros ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
Dauton Luiz Zulpo ◽  
Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha ◽  
Ana Sue Sammi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Environmental Diversity ◽  
Clonal Type ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Isolates

Eared doves (Zenaida auriculata), which are common in urban, rural and wild areas in many regions of Brazil, are frequently prey for domestic cats. Therefore Toxoplasma gondii isolates obtained from doves may reflect greater environmental diversity than those from other hosts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate T. gondii seroprevalence, isolate and genotype strains from Z. auriculata. Serum and tissue samples were collected from 206 doves for use in the modified agglutination test (MAT) and mouse bioassay. The prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in the doves was 22.3% (46/206), with titers ranging from 16 to 4096, and T. gondii strains were isolated from 12 of these doves. Five genotypes were detected by means of PCR-RFLP, including ToxoDB genotypes #1, #6, #17 and #65, and one genotype that had not previously been described (ToxoDB#182). This was the first report on isolation of T. gondii from Z. auriculata. This study confirmed the genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates and the existence of clonal type II (ToxoDB genotype #1) in Brazil.

Sequence variation in the B1 gene among Toxoplasma gondii isolates from swine and cats in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 353-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azzurra Santoro ◽  
Fabrizia Veronesi ◽  
Giovanni Luigi Milardi ◽  
David Ranucci ◽  
Raffaella Branciari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Isolates

Prognosis, Significance and Positive Correlation of Rab1A and p-S6K/Gli1 Expression in Gastric Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1359-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Shao ◽  
Zhengwu Cheng ◽  
Menglin Xu ◽  
Jiading Mao ◽  
Junfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Positive Expression ◽  
Gli1 Expression ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Background:Gastric Cancer (GC) is a frequently common malignancy. Recent studies have reported Rab1A as an activator of mTORC1, and the mTOR1 pathway is involved in regulating Gli1 expression in several cancers. Only a few studies have been performed to explore the relationship between Rab1A and p-S6K/Gli1in GC.Methods:Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to explore the association of Rab1A/p-S6K/Gli1 expression and prognosis in 117 GC tissue samples and adjacent normal tissues.Results:Our results indicated that Rab1A/p-S6K/Gli1 was significantly overexpressed in GC tissues. High expression of Rab1A was closely related to the tumor size and the depth of tumor invasion. In addition, Rab1A expression was closely related with p-S6K/Gli1 expression in GC, and high level of Rab1A/p-S6K/Gli1 caused worse prognosis of GC patients. The univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that the expression of Rab1A was an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, both high Rab1A and p-S6K expression led to a worse prognosis when compared to a single positive expression as well as both high Rab1A/Gli1 expression also led to a worse prognosis than the single positive expression of Rab1A/Gli1. Strikingly, the overexpression of p-S6K also led to a worse prognosis in Rab1A positive patients, as did Gli1.Conclusion:Our results indicate that Rab1A/mTOR/S6K/Gli1 axis played a crucial role in GC, which may provide a novel field on targeted therapy of GC, especially for mTORC1-targeted therapy-resistant cancers.

scholarly journals Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and cattle meat using PCR-RFLP technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Rahdar ◽  
Leila Arab ◽  
Ali Reza Samarbaf- zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Type I ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Cattle Meat

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate, intracellular parasite, with worldwide distribution. The main source of infection for humans is livestock and meat-producer animals. The relationships between Toxoplasma genotype and biological characteristics of the parasite have already been identified. According to the pathogenicity of the parasite in laboratory animals, Toxoplasma is divided into three genotypes included type I, II and III. Understanding the genotype of the parasite, could help us to predict clinical features and severity of disease. The aim of this study was to identify genotypes of T. gondii in cattle and sheep meat and meat products in Ahvaz city southwest of Iran.One hundred and ninety samples of tongue, heart and muscles of sheep and cattle and meat products, including sausages and burgers, were collected from slaughterhouses and stores. To identify Toxoplasma gondii, DNA were extracted from samples and B1 gene were amplified by specific primers. To determine the genotype of T.gondii, PCR-RFLP was done on positive samples using by amplifying GRA6 gene and endonuclease Msel enzyme. Data analysis showed that the strain of the parasite in all positive samples belonged to genotype I.In this study the predominant Toxoplasma genotype was type I which can cause severe clinical symptoms in immunocompromised patients. Further research is needed to determine the genotype of the parasite in humans and other animals.

scholarly journals Molecular Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep Aborted Fetuses Reveals Predominance of Type I Infection in Southwest of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir AREFKHAH ◽  
Bahador SARKARI ◽  
Qasem ASGARI ◽  
Abdolali MOSHFE ◽  
Mohammad Hasan KHALAFI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Sequences Analysis ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Background: We aimed to detect Toxoplasma gondii in ovine aborted fetuses and evaluate its genetic variations in the southwest of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 aborted ovine fetuses collected from the different region of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran, in lambing season during 2017 and 2018. DNA was extracted from the brain samples of all of the aborted fetuses and PCR amplified, targeting a 529 bp repetitive element gene of T. gondii. Moreover, to find out the heterogeneity of the positive samples, PCR-DNA amplification of the two main genetic markers, B1 and GRA6, of T. gondii were performed. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed, using the BLAST program and MEGA-X software. Results: The 529 bp gene of T. gondii was detected in 2 out of 100 (2%) of the ovine aborted samples. The sequences analysis of GRA6 and B1 genes revealed that both isolates from the aborted fetuses of sheep belonged to type I of T. gondii. Intra-divergence was more seen in GRA6 gene whereas less divergence was observed in B1 gene. Conclusion: Congenital infection with Type I of T. gondii during the neonatal period is associated with abortion in ovine. Evaluation of more aborted samples from broader geographical areas is needed to elucidate the molecular epidemiology and also the genotypes of T. gondii associated with abortion.

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