scholarly journals Domiciliary Cockroaches as Carriers of Human Intestinal Parasites in Lagos Metropolis, Southwest Nigeria: Implications for Public Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedotun A Adenusi ◽  
Mary I Akinyemi ◽  
Dele Akinsanya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Background: Domiciliary cockroaches are obnoxious pests of significant medical importance. We investigated the prevalence of human intestinal parasites in cockroaches and its attendant public health importance. Methods: Overall, 749 cockroaches (Periplaneta americana, 509, Blattella germanica, 240) caught by trapping from 120 households comprising 3 different housing types in Somolu, Lagos metropolis, southwest Nigeria, in 2015 were screened for human intestinal parasites using standard parasitological techniques. Results: The prevalence of human intestinal parasites in cockroaches was 96.4%. There was no statistically signifi­cant difference (P> 0.05) in parasite prevalences between P. americana (95.7%) and B. germanica (97.9%). Parasite species identified and their prevalence were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (44.1%), E. coli (37.8%), Gi­ardia lamblia (18.7%), Cryptosporidium sp. (13.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (61.3%), Trichuris trichiura (55.8%), hookworms (11.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (11.7%), Taenia/Echinococcus spp. (10.5%), Enterobius vermicularis (17.2%) and Hymenolepis nana (11.6%). Parasite prevalence and burdens varied with housing type; the prevalence was significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) in cockroaches from low-cost bungalow, LCB (100%) and low-cost, 2-storey, LC2-S (100%) houses than in medium-cost flats, MCF (81.3%). Parasite burdens were also significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) in cockroaches from LCB or LC2-S than in cockroaches from MCF. Parasite preva­lences between cockroach gut and body surfaces were not statistically significant (P> 0.05) but mean parasite bur­dens in gut were significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) than on body surfaces. Conclusion: Cockroaches types carry transmissive stages of human intestinal parasites and may act as reservoirs and potential mechanical vectors for disease transmission.

Some gastro-intestinal parasites of zoonotic (public health) importance commonly observed in old world non-human primates in Kenya

Acta Tropica ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M.K Muriuki ◽  
R.K Murugu ◽  
E Munene ◽  
G.M Karere ◽  
D.C Chai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Old World

scholarly journals Endo-parasites of public-health importance recovered from rodents in the Durban metropolitan area, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Colleen E. Archer ◽  
Christopher C. Appleton ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa ◽  
Jennifer Lamb ◽  
M. Corrie Schoeman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

Background: Parasite infections of public health importance carried by Rattus spp. on the African continent (excluding toxoplasmosis) have not been adequately researched. The aim of this study was to investigate endoparasites of public health importance, particularly those associated with R. norvegicus, at different locations and seasons within the port-city, Durban.Methods: Four hundred rodents (379 R. norvegicus, 10 R. rattus and 11 Mastomys natalensis) were live-trapped at 60 sites in four locations, during wet and dry seasons in 2009. Rats were humanely euthanased, cardiac blood drawn (for blood smears and serology), ectoparasites removed and dissected. Each organ was separately processed to collect parasites. Binary logistic regression and four-way ANOVAs were used to test for the effects of location, season, rodent age and gender on parasite prevalence, richness and abundance.Results: Eight parasites of public health importance were detected: Gongylonema sp. (25.3%), Trypanosoma lewisi (22.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta (17.2%), Angiostrongylus cantonensis (15.3%), Toxoplasma gondii (11.2%), Moniliformis moniliformis (9.5%), Calodium hepaticum (2.6%) and H. nana (0.8%). Ascaris spp. (probably A. lumbricoides) ova, assumed to have been acquired from consuming infected human faeces were found in rat faeces (4.8%). Parasite species richness was positively associated with location, season and rodent age. Location, season, rat age and gender differentially affected prevalence and worm abundance of parasite species.Conclusions: These occurrence data of parasites of public health importance provide valuable information to local and provincial organisations and medical practitioners for diagnoses of possible zoonoses, and a reference point for further studies in metropolitan areas of Africa.

scholarly journals Parasitic and Microbial Infestations of Fruits Sold at Otuoke, Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Ezenwaka C.O. ◽  
Amuzie C.C.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Public Health Importance

Fruits and vegetables have numerous health importance but can act as vehicles in the transmission of foodborne diseases of public health importance. This research examined the presence of parasites and microbial organisms on fruits sold at Otuoke community, Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria using six fruits types, including pineapple (Ananas comosus), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), lime (Citrus aurantiifolia), garden egg (Solanum aethiopicum), guava (Psidium guajava) and orange (Citrus sinensis). The parasites were concentrated by sedimentation and were examined using a light microscope. The result of the study showed the presence of cysts of Cryptosporidium parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, eggs of Fasciola hepatica, Ascaris lumbricoides and larva of Strongyloides stercoralis. Five out of the 6 fruits types examined were infested with at least one type of parasites. Ascaris lumbricoides (33.33%) was the most frequently detected parasite and was found on the pineapple, guava and oranges fruits. Fruit types were not significantly associated with parasitic contamination (p > 0.005). Bacteria isolated from the fruits included Lactobacillus sp., Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella sp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli was isolated in all the sampled fruits types. The total count was determined by pour plate method using MacConkey agar. Total viable bacteria count (TBC) ranged from 21.9 x 105cfu/ml to 7.27 x 105cfu/ml. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Mucor spp.. and Fusarium spp were the isolated fungi species. A high number of these microorganisms in fruits and vegetables can lead to public health emergencies. Risk reduction can be achieved through personal and food hygiene by the fruit sellers and consumers. Further studies should be conducted to address the effect of seasonal variation on the infestation of the fruits sold in this area.

Parasitic contamination of some fruits and vegetables from major markets in Ede Town, Osun State, south-west Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
L.T. Okunlola
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Sedimentation Technique ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Spinacea Oleracea ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Fasciolopsis Buski

This study determined the prevalence of parasites on some common fruits and vegetables from major markets in Ede Town, Osun State, Nigeria. A total of two hundred and forty six (246) samples of fruits and vegetables were examined by sedimentation technique after washing using normal saline. The overall parasite prevalence was 37.4%. The highest rate of parasitic contamination (46.7%) was recorded in pineapples (Anana comosus) while oranges (Citrus sinensis) were the least contaminated (16.7%). For vegetables, African spinach (Spinacea oleracea) was the most contaminated (77.8%) while the least contaminated (2.2%) was celosia leaf (Celosia argentea). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most (21.7%) frequent parasitic contaminants on fruits and vegetables followed by Balantidium coli (19.6%) and then Hookworm (13.0%). Entamoeba histolytica and Strongyloides stercoralis had the same percentage of occurrence(12.0%) while Fasciolopsis buski (2.2%) was the least parasite found. The highest number of parasites was found in Timi Market with 46.2% fruits and 66.7% vegetables contaminated. Since eating raw fruits and vegetables is a potential source of transmission of intestinal parasites in the study area, it is important that consumers are educated on the need to always ensure proper washing of their fruits and vegetables. Keywords: Fruits; vegetables; parasitic contamination; Ascaris lumbricoides; Ede Markets

scholarly journals To Group or not to group: Group size dynamics and intestinal parasites in Indian peafowl populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Dange ◽  
Pranav Mhaisalkar ◽  
Dhanashree Paranjpe
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Pavo Cristatus ◽  
Food Provision

AbstractAnimals can form groups for various reasons that include safety from predators, breeding and benefits of allo-parental care. However, there are also costs associated with living in a group such as competition for food and/or mates with other members of the group, higher chances of disease transmission, etc. In the current study we explored the links between group size dynamics and intestinal parasites of Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) in the context of seasons and food provisioning. Data for group size was collected across three seasons- Pre-monsoon, Monsoon and Post-monsoon at three field sites- Morachi Chincholi, Nashik and Rajasthan. Individual and group sightings of peafowl were noted down along with group size and composition (no. of males, females, adults, juveniles, sub-adults). Faecal samples were collected from food provision and non-provision areas across three seasons- Pre-monsoon, Monsoon and Post-monsoon at same field sites. Parasite load in the samples was quantified using microscopic examination. Group size was significantly higher in Pre-Monsoon season as compared to Monsoon and Post-Monsoon seasons. While, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons had higher parasite prevalence and load as compared to pre-monsoon season. Interestingly, parasite load was significantly greater at food provision sites as compared to non-provision sites while parasite prevalence was comparable. Aggregation of individuals at the food provision sites may influence the parasite transmission and group dynamics in Indian Peafowl.

scholarly journals A Survey of Gopherus polyphemus Intestinal Parasites in South Florida

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica N. Huffman ◽  
Kent S. Haizlett ◽  
Dana K. Elhassani ◽  
Brian T. Cooney ◽  
Evelyn M. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Gopher Tortoise ◽  
Gopherus Polyphemus ◽  
Significant Health

Gopherus polyphemus populations are diminishing throughout their range due to urbanization, fragmentation, and poor habitat management. Increased population densities, poor habitat quality, and lack of fire may influence disease transmission. Parasite roles within wild tortoise populations are largely unknown; despite evidence these pathogens may pose significant health risks. This study provides a baseline of gopher tortoise intestinal parasites across South Florida and reports on how varying environmental and tortoise characteristics may affect intestinal parasite species prevalence and approximate loads. Tortoise fecal samples were taken from six tortoise populations across five South Florida sites. Seven species of intestinal parasites were discovered from 123 tortoises. Identified parasites include endohelminths such as cyathostomes, pinworms, ascarids, flukes, and protozoans including Eimeria, Cryptosporidium, and Amoeba species. Significant differences in parasite prevalence and loads were seen between sites, while parasitism among sex, size class, and habitat type remained relatively ubiquitous.

scholarly journals Isolation of Intestinal Parasites of Public Health Importance from Cockroaches (Blattella germanica) in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haji Hamu ◽  
Serkadis Debalke ◽  
Endalew Zemene ◽  
Belay Birlie ◽  
Zeleke Mekonnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Blattella Germanica ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Jimma Town

Cockroaches are claimed to be mechanical transmitters of disease causing microorganisms such as intestinal parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This study assessed the potential of the German cockroachBlattella germanicain the mechanical transmission of intestinal parasites of public health importance. A total of 2010 cockroaches were collected from 404 households in Jimma Town, southwestern Ethiopia. All the collected cockroaches were identified to species asB. germanica. The contents of their gut and external body parts were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. Overall, 152 (75.6%) of the 210 batches were found to harbor at least one species of human intestinal parasite.Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Taenia spp, Strongyloides-like parasite,Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovski, Giardia duodenalisandBalantidium coliwere detected from gut contents. Moreover, parasites were also isolated from the external surface in 22 (10.95%) of the batches. There was significant difference in parasite carriage rate of the cockroaches among the study sites (P=0.013). In conclusion,B. germanicawas found to harbor intestinal parasites of public health importance. Hence, awareness on the potential role of cockroaches in the mechanical transmission of human intestinal parasites needs to be created. Moreover, further identification of the Strongyloides-like worm is required using molecular diagnostics.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Anemia and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Najo General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Anemia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wakshuma Gari ◽  
Arega Tsegaye ◽  
Tsige Ketema
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
History Of

Anemia is one of the major causes of morbidity for pregnant women in resource-limited regions. Yet robust research-based evidence on this vital public health problem in remote areas where the problem could be massive is quite limited in Ethiopia, one of the developing countries. Thus, this study is aimed to assess the magnitude of anemia and its associated risk factors among pregnant women attending one of the health facilities in Ethiopia. A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed in 2019. A total of 384 pregnant women attending the antenatal care (ANC) unit of Najo General Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, were included in the study. Their sociodemographic characteristics, and medical, obstetric, and gynecological history were collected using pretested interview questionnaires. Blood samples were collected from each participant for the determination of malaria parasite and hemoglobin (Hb) level. In addition, stool samples were collected for examination of intestinal parasites. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 25. The overall magnitude of anemia among pregnant women was 37.8% (95% CI, 32.8%–42.3%). The proportion of mild anemia, moderate anemia, and severe anemia was 24%, 11%, and 2.3%, respectively. Some variables such as absence of malaria infection (AOR: 0.195, 95% CI: 0.066–0.576), lack of history of abortion (AOR: 0.469, 95% CI: 0.265–0.830), and absence of history of anemia (AOR: 0.227, 95% CI: 0.134–0.385) were identified as protective variables of anemia during pregnancy, while urban residence (AOR: 1.753, 95% CI: 1.013–3.034) was unexpectedly found as a predisposing factor. Despite the higher number of anemic pregnant women observed in the current study, pregnancy-associated anemia is moderate public health importance in the study area.

scholarly journals IoT-Based Sanitizer Station Network: A Facilities Management Case Study on Monitoring Hand Sanitizer Dispenser Usage

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-994
Author(s):  
Junqi Zhao ◽  
Boyang Zhou ◽  
Jared P. Butler ◽  
Randall G. Bock ◽  
Joseph P. Portelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Station Network ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Data Driven Approach

Maintaining hand hygiene has been an essential preventive measure for reducing disease transmission in public facilities, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The large number of sanitizer stations deployed within public facilities, such as on university campuses, brings challenges for effective facility management. This paper proposes an IoT sensor network for tracking sanitizer usage in public facilities and supporting facility management using a data-driven approach. Specifically, the system integrates low-cost wireless sensors, LoRaWAN, and cloud-based computing techniques to realize data capture, communication, and analysis. The proposed approach was validated through field experiments in a large building on a university campus to assess the network signal coverage and effectiveness of sensor operation for facility monitoring. The results show that a LoRaWAN created from a single gateway can successfully connect to sensors distributed throughout the entire building, with the sensor nodes recording and transmitting events across the network for further analysis. Overall, this paper demonstrates the potential of leveraging the IoT-based Sanitizer Station Network to track public health mitigation methods in a large facility, which ultimately contributes to reducing the burden of maintaining public health during and post-pandemic.

Multiple infection diagnosis of intestinal helminthiasis in the assessment of health and environmental effect of development projects in Nigeria

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.S. Ugbomoiko ◽  
I.E. Ofoezie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Health Situation

AbstractPatterns of intestinal helminth infections among school-aged children have been assessed in Eko-ende and Ore, as part of an overall assessment of the public health impact of Erinle Dam Reservoir in Osun State, Nigeria. The investigation was carried out between January and May 2005 using the Kato Katz thick smear technique and simple questionnaire for information on the bio-data, knowledge, attitude and practice of individuals towards disease transmission and control.Ascaris lumbricoides,hookworm,Trichuris trichiura, Taeniaspp.,Strongyloides stercoralisandSchistosoma mansoniwere recovered at an overall prevalence of 78.3% among 309 children examined.Ascaris lumbricoides,hookworm,T. trichiuraandS. mansoniwere the most common infections whileS. stercoralisandTaeniaspp. were found only among a few children. Infection patterns of the common diseases were age-specific with peaks in the 11–15 age bracket. Children not attending school were significantly (P < 0.05) more at risk of infection than those attending school. Multiple infections were pronounced with over 54% double infections and 6% four parasites or more infections. The need for urgent intervention to arrest the obviously serious public health situation attributable to Erinle Dam is emphasized.

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