scholarly journals Isolation of Intestinal Parasites of Public Health Importance from Cockroaches (Blattella germanica) in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haji Hamu ◽  
Serkadis Debalke ◽  
Endalew Zemene ◽  
Belay Birlie ◽  
Zeleke Mekonnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Blattella Germanica ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Jimma Town

Cockroaches are claimed to be mechanical transmitters of disease causing microorganisms such as intestinal parasites, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This study assessed the potential of the German cockroachBlattella germanicain the mechanical transmission of intestinal parasites of public health importance. A total of 2010 cockroaches were collected from 404 households in Jimma Town, southwestern Ethiopia. All the collected cockroaches were identified to species asB. germanica. The contents of their gut and external body parts were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. Overall, 152 (75.6%) of the 210 batches were found to harbor at least one species of human intestinal parasite.Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Taenia spp, Strongyloides-like parasite,Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovski, Giardia duodenalisandBalantidium coliwere detected from gut contents. Moreover, parasites were also isolated from the external surface in 22 (10.95%) of the batches. There was significant difference in parasite carriage rate of the cockroaches among the study sites (P=0.013). In conclusion,B. germanicawas found to harbor intestinal parasites of public health importance. Hence, awareness on the potential role of cockroaches in the mechanical transmission of human intestinal parasites needs to be created. Moreover, further identification of the Strongyloides-like worm is required using molecular diagnostics.

scholarly journals Domiciliary Cockroaches as Carriers of Human Intestinal Parasites in Lagos Metropolis, Southwest Nigeria: Implications for Public Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedotun A Adenusi ◽  
Mary I Akinyemi ◽  
Dele Akinsanya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Background: Domiciliary cockroaches are obnoxious pests of significant medical importance. We investigated the prevalence of human intestinal parasites in cockroaches and its attendant public health importance. Methods: Overall, 749 cockroaches (Periplaneta americana, 509, Blattella germanica, 240) caught by trapping from 120 households comprising 3 different housing types in Somolu, Lagos metropolis, southwest Nigeria, in 2015 were screened for human intestinal parasites using standard parasitological techniques. Results: The prevalence of human intestinal parasites in cockroaches was 96.4%. There was no statistically signifi­cant difference (P> 0.05) in parasite prevalences between P. americana (95.7%) and B. germanica (97.9%). Parasite species identified and their prevalence were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (44.1%), E. coli (37.8%), Gi­ardia lamblia (18.7%), Cryptosporidium sp. (13.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (61.3%), Trichuris trichiura (55.8%), hookworms (11.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (11.7%), Taenia/Echinococcus spp. (10.5%), Enterobius vermicularis (17.2%) and Hymenolepis nana (11.6%). Parasite prevalence and burdens varied with housing type; the prevalence was significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) in cockroaches from low-cost bungalow, LCB (100%) and low-cost, 2-storey, LC2-S (100%) houses than in medium-cost flats, MCF (81.3%). Parasite burdens were also significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) in cockroaches from LCB or LC2-S than in cockroaches from MCF. Parasite preva­lences between cockroach gut and body surfaces were not statistically significant (P> 0.05) but mean parasite bur­dens in gut were significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) than on body surfaces. Conclusion: Cockroaches types carry transmissive stages of human intestinal parasites and may act as reservoirs and potential mechanical vectors for disease transmission.

Some gastro-intestinal parasites of zoonotic (public health) importance commonly observed in old world non-human primates in Kenya

Acta Tropica ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M.K Muriuki ◽  
R.K Murugu ◽  
E Munene ◽  
G.M Karere ◽  
D.C Chai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Old World

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors among Secondary School Adolescent Girls in Jimma Town, Oromia Regional State, Southwest Ethiopia

Anemia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kelemu Fentie ◽  
Tolassa Wakayo ◽  
Getu Gizaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Jimma Town ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background. Anemia defined as a low blood hemoglobin concentration is public health importance. The adolescence age group is the most neglected in public health and nutrition research as priorities are usually given to pregnant women, lactating mothers, and their children less than 2 years. Current Ethiopian Food and Nutrition policy included adolescent girls in the most at-risk group for nutritional demands; however, only a few published studies have assessed a deficiency of anemia and associated factors to tackle the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition. Objective. To assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among high school adolescent girls in Jimma town. Methods. Data were collected from 528 secondary school adolescent girls by a school-based cross-sectional study design in Jimma town from 1/1/2019 to 1/2/2019, southwest Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A portable battery-operated HemoCue Hb 301+ analyzer was used to measure the hemoglobin level, and then reading was classified as normal Hb ≥ 12 g\dl and anemic if the hemoglobin value <12 g/dl based on the WHO 2011 recommended cutoff points after adjustments to altitude was made. Bivariate analysis at p value ≤0.25 was considered as a candidate for multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was done to control for confounders and to identify factors independently associated with anemia. Level of statistical significance was declared at p<0.05. Results. A total of 528 adolescent girls were included in the study yielding a response rate of 95.8%. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 26.7%, 95% CI (22.7, 30.50). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, those living separately from their family (AOR = 4.430, 95% CI (2.20, 8.90)), low dietary diversity score (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI (1.88, 6.75)), menstrual bleeding more than 5 days (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI (1.17, 4.33)), and low economic status (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI (1.17, 4.33)) were positively associated factors with anemia and only having at least a secondary school in mother’s educational status AOR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.18, 0.97) was negatively associated with anemia in the study area. Conclusion. Prevalence of anemia among school adolescent girls was moderate public health importance according to the World Health Organization prevalence estimation of anemia. The living condition of the adolescent girls, dietary diversity score, duration of menses, and low economic status were positive predictor variables, whereas mothers who are being secondary school and above was a protective factor for anemia. Therefore, iron-rich and diversified food consumption should be given attention.

scholarly journals Knowledge and practices related to bovine brucellosis transmission amongst livestock workers in Yewa, south-western Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hezekiah K. Adesokan ◽  
Peter I. Alabi ◽  
Judy A. Stack ◽  
Simeon I.B. Cadmus
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Practices

Brucellosis is an endemic disease in the animal population in Nigeria and of major public health importance, particularly amongst livestock workers who are ignorant of the risk of Brucella infection. Therefore, to gain insight into the knowledge and practices related to brucellosis transmission amongst livestock holders (LH) and livestock marketers (LM) in Yewa, an international livestock trading centre in south-western Nigeria, we conducted an interviewbased study using a cluster sampling technique. In all, a total of 157 respondents comprising 54 LH and 103 LM were interviewed. Two-thirds (69.5%) of the two groups had poor knowledge of brucellosis with no significant difference between them (p = 0.262). Furthermore, consumption of unpasteurised milk, uncooked meat and its products, co-habitation with animals, and poor hygiene were significant risk practices identified as possible means of transfer of Brucella infection from animals to humans amongst these livestock workers (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings revealed that poor knowledge and practices related to the consumption of unpasteurised or unboiled dairy products, contaminated beef, and unhygienic practices are factors that will facilitate Brucella infections amongst livestock workers in Nigeria. Therefore, there is a need for more public health enlightenment programmes, as well as implementation of brucellosis control measures in the cattle populations.

scholarly journals Comparison between three concentration techniques for diagnosing intestinal parasites

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Trabelsi ◽  
Majdi Hanachi ◽  
Sarra Cheikhrouhou ◽  
Dorsaf Aloui ◽  
Meriam Bouchekoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Cost ◽  
Stool Specimens

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntestinal parasitoses still are a noticeable threat to public health. The direct diagnosis of such parasites requires the use of concentration techniques, whose sensitivities for protozoan cysts and helminth eggs are far from equal.AimTo compare the Willis, Ritchie and Bailenger concentration techniques in terms of parasite recovery, cost, time, and biosafety.MethodsThis prospective study analysed 236 stool specimens for intestinal parasites using the direct wet smear and the above-mentioned concentration techniques applied separately.ResultsBiphasic techniques identified significantly more positive specimens for intestinal parasites than the Willis technique, the latter leading to less concentrated and more altered parasitic elements on microscopy. No statistically significant difference emerged from comparing Ritchie’s and Bailenger’s methods. The Willis technique was the safest, yet the costliest and the most time-consuming of the studied methods.ConclusionsEven though the hazardous reagents employed may raise legitimate concerns over their health implications, biphasic techniques prove to be uncostly, quick to perform, and highly sensitive for detecting faecal parasites, therefore ensuring a safe diagnosis for routine stool examinations.

scholarly journals Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus Interepidemic Activity in Lower Moshi area of Kilimanjaro Region, North Eastern Tanzania: A Community Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffu Chilongola ◽  
Medard Kumalija ◽  
Rule Budodo ◽  
Pius Horumpende ◽  
Sixbert Mkumbaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic arbovirus of public health impact infecting livestock, wildlife, and humans mainly in Africa and other parts of the world. Despite its public health importance, mechanisms of RVFV maintenance during inter-epidemic (IEPS) periods and potentially spread to new areas remain unclear.We aimed to comparatively examine exposure to RVFV and RVFV infection among humans, goats and mosquitoes in an agro-pastoral community in Lower Moshi area of Moshi rural district.Results:Results show that the male gender was related to RVFV seropositivity (χ2 = 5.351; p=0.030). Being 50 years and above was related to seropositivity (χ2=14.430; p=0.006) whereas bed net use, larger numbers of persons living in the same house (>7 persons) and RVFV seropositivity in goats were related to higher seropositivity to RVFV among humans (χ2=6.003; p=0.021, χ2=23.213; p=0.000 and 27.053; p=0.000), respectively.RVFV antibody concentrations were only marginally higher in humans without statistically significant difference [t (112) =0.526; p=0.60)]. By the use of RT-qPCR, goats exhibited the highest RVFV infection rate of 4.1%, followed by humans (2.6%), Aedes spp(2.3%), and Culex spp(1.5%). Conclusions: In the absence of RVFV infection data in areas nearby the study site, our findings suggest Lower Moshi area as a potential hotspot for RVF, posing the danger of being a source of RVFV spread to other areas. Goats had the highest infection rate, suggesting goats as important hosts in the virus maintenance during IEPs. We recommend the design and implementation of strategies that will warrant effective active surveillance of RVF through the identification of RVF hotspots for targeted control of RVF.

scholarly journals Cervical Infection withHerpes simplexVirus,Chlamydia trachomatis, andNeisseria gonorrhoeaeamong Symptomatic Women, Dubai, UAE: A Molecular Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Mehrabani ◽  
Mohammad Amin Behzadi ◽  
Saeed Azizi ◽  
Hamid Payombarnia ◽  
Ali Vahdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Cervical Infection ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Tragically, genital tract infections are still a major public health problem in many regions. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of cervical infection withHerpes simplexvirus (HSV),Chlamydia trachomatis(CT), andNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) among married women referring to Iranian Hospital, Dubai, UAE. In a retrospective cross-sectional survey, 201 female patients aged 16–80 years who referred to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Iranian Hospital, Dubai, UAE, in 2010 were enrolled. The patients were categorized into three age groups: 15–30 (group I), 31–40 (group II), and≥41 years old (group III). A cervical swab sample was collected from each woman and the prevalence of cervical infection with HSV, CT, and NG was determined by PCR method. HSV, CT, and NG were detected in 6.5%, 10.4%, and 5.5% of swab samples, respectively. Regarding age, a significant difference was noticed for prevalence of NG and HSV between groups I and III. Because of public health importance of sexual transmitted diseases (STDs), their long-lasting impact on quality of life, and their economic burden, preventing measures and education of women seem necessary.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of bacteria associated with fermentation of melon seed for Ogiri Sold in Owerri, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 057-061
Author(s):  
Joy Nkeiruka Dike-Ndudim ◽  
Chizaram Winners Ndubueze ◽  
Juliet Chidinma Ezihe ◽  
Emeka Okechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Public Health Implication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
Food Condiments ◽  
Melon Seeds

In order to ascertain the public health implication of the consumption of the fermented melon (Cucumismelo), known as Ogiri, consumed in all South Eastern Nigeria and beyond as a food condiment, thirty samples of locally fermented melon seeds, Ogiri, were randomly purchased from three markets in Owerri metropolis in Imo State. These samples were microbiologically analysed using pour plate technique on nutrient agar, MacConkey and Salmonella Shigella agar at 370C for 24 hours. The viable and mean counts were determined and the data obtained were statistically analyzed. There was no significant difference between the contamination of the samples (p>0.05). These organisms, following the order of predominance were isolated; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of these microorganisms of public health importance in food condiments pose a risk of enteritis and other food borne diseases in some individuals after its intake. Thus, the health organizations should embark on public and personal enlightenment programs targeted at both the producer and the consumer.

scholarly journals Species Composition of Cockroaches, Their Potential as Mechanical Vectors of Intestinal Parasites and Associated Factors Among Households in Sekota Town, Northeast Ethiopia; A Community-based Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtu Debash ◽  
Megbaru Alemu ◽  
Animen Ayehu
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Blattella Germanica ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia

Abstract Background: Cockroaches pose a significant nuisance, and public health threat due to their ability to transmit pathogenic organisms including intestinal parasites. Due to little attention given to mechanical transmission of parasitic diseases by various vectors, appropriate interventions are not implemented to date.The extent to which cockroaches may harbor parasites is poorly understood in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. This further overwhelms the already fragile program of prevention and control of parasites. Objectives: To assess species composition of cockroaches, their potential as mechanical vectors of intestinal parasites and associated factors among households in Sekota town, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in households found in Sekota town from February to April 2020. A total of 402 households were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Possible risk factors were collected via a structured questionnaire, and 1750 cockroaches were collected using jars. Species identification of cockroaches was performed using taxonomic keys, and parasite isolation was done using formol-ether and modified modified acid-fast techniques. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: All cockroaches collected were identified as a species of Blattella germanica (B. germanica). Overall, 63 (36.0%) of the 175 batches were found to harbor intestinal parasites, E. histolytica/dispar (14.3%) and H. nana (8.6%) being the predominant species. About 38 (21.7%), and 49 (28.0%) of cockroaches were found to harbor parasites on external parts and gut contents, respectively. Improper latrine utilization (P=0.006), presence of domestic animals (P=0.032), and presence of parasite-infected child in the household (P=0.001) were significantly associated with parasite carriage of cockroaches. Moreover, houses attached via two or more sides with neighboring houses (P=0.045), houses with cracks on their walls (P=0.001), and households with poor solid waste disposal (P=0.001) were at a significantly higher odds of cockroach infestation.Conclusion: Human and environmental factors have favoured infestation by Blattella germanica in the study area. Therefore, households housing condition, latrine utilization, and waste management systems should be improved.

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