scholarly journals Coaxing as a Strategy to Deal with Ethical Issues in Community Home Care: An Ethnographic Study

Author(s):  
Dara Rasoal

Introduction: The provision of home health care services increases as a desirable option in western society. Previous studies indicate that health care professionals encounter ethically difficult situations when providing home care services. There is a lack of studies describing ethically difficult situations through observation. This study aimed to explore ethical issues experienced by healthcare staff when providing community home care services.  Methods: Qualitative design, using the ethnographical approach. Data gathered as fieldwork in terms of memos, non-participant observation and informal interview with registered nurses (n=8), and nurse-assistants (n=4) during three weeks (in total 148 hours, 7am -5pm) . Results: The result generated two main categories: 1) To balance stakeholders’ requirements, and, 2) Strategy to deal with ethical issues. Coxing was used as a strategy to deal with ethically difficult situations in patient care. The results showed that the complexity of the ethical issues is often related to personal values and organisational impact. The staff experienced need for a structured approach to assist them in identifying, analysing, and resolving ethical issues that arise in clinical practice. Health care organisations, personnel and patients are disagreed about values and choices that could lead to the best course of actions. Conclusion: This study reveals that the ethically difficult situations in the context of community home care services are complex and are influencing the provision of care. The personnel enforced to find a balance between different expectations and from different stakeholders. To deal with these situations coaxing was used as a strategy for managing ethical issues.

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 242s-242s
Author(s):  
O. Shamieh ◽  
A. Mansour ◽  
R. Harding ◽  
M. Tarawneh ◽  
S. Payne

Background and context: The home healthcare market in Jordan is nascent with little service offered. It suffers from a highly fragmented and underregulated landscape. The limited access to qualified trustworthy home care services, lack of professional home care training, and lack of home health care insurance coverage have added to the heavy in-patient bed demand and delayed hospital discharges especially for disabled or terminally ill patients. Aim: To establish a comprehensive national home care program to improve the delivery of palliative and home care services in Jordan, and to conduct a situational analysis and generate policy recommendations. Strategy/Tactics: We used multiple strategies to reach our objectives. 1. Expansion of home care services at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) to create a local demonstration project. 2. Building health care professional capacity by offering variety of educational programs. 3. Improving quality of service delivery by generating clinical practice guidelines, such as standards operating procedures and patient and family educational materials. 4. Use the pilot operational and financial data to generate an economic model to inform the development of similar home health care units in hospitals across Jordan. 5. National advocacy and building effective partnership with all related stakeholders to advance national policy. Program/Policy process: Between May 2016 and May 2017, 7818 home care visits were conducted by KHCC. For capacity building; 678 health care professionals were trained in palliative and home care, out of which 366 participants were females (54%). Palliative care was successfully recognized as a specialty by the Jordan Nursing Council and recognized as a subspecialty by the Jordan Medical Council. The palliative and home care standards of practice were included in the health care accreditation council. The analysis of economic evaluation data suggested that home care services decreased in-patient utilization and costs which is advantageous to a country with limited resources. As a result of the advocacy stream and a collaborative network, the national palliative and home care strategic framework was generated, and endorsed by the Ministry of Health. Outcomes: The NHCI resulted in a very successful pilot project and achieved specialty and subspecialty recognition. Furthermore, we were able to build the capacity of health care professionals and policy makers in the palliative and home care sector from public, private and academic institutions. In the advocacy and policy dimension, the Minister of Health officially approved and adapted the palliative and home care strategic framework that was developed by this initiative. What was learned: Cross-sector collaboration and effective partnership resulted in system change and policy advancement. Developing effective economic systems is essential in low resourced countries. The initiative was supported by a joint grant from the USAID and KHCC.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237796081984436
Author(s):  
Rita Sørly ◽  
Martin Sollund Krane ◽  
Geir Bye ◽  
May-Britt Ellingsen

Background: There is a need for qualitative studies on imposed innovation in home care services in welfare societies. The municipalities are key actors in the field of innovation in the public sector. As innovations often are interpreted to be in conflict with values in health care, we need knowledge on how policy changes and imposed innovations are understood and handled by middle managers working in the sector. Aim: We aim to explore how middle managers react to imposed innovation in health services through their storytelling. The research question was “What can middle managers' stories of imposed innovation tell us about their role in, and some important prerequisites for, innovation processes in municipal health-care services?” Methods: A narrative study of experiences with municipal innovation among middle managers in Norway. In this article, we do a thematic analysis of interviews with seven female middle managers who work in a home care service department. Findings: The study develops an understanding of which frameworks are required within a home care service to meet constant demands for innovation. Innovations are understood by the managers as results of policy changes and new public management demands and as a troublesome burden. We find the prerequisites for implementing innovations to be (1) trust-based management, (2) flexibility and dynamics, (3) continuity of care, and (4) emphasis on competence. These prerequisites are further interpreted in relation to dominant discourses on innovation at the macro, meso, and micro levels within the storytelling contexts. Conclusion: Imposed innovations require a negotiating practice in cross-disciplinary environments at all levels in the organization.


2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice D. Crist ◽  
Dianna García-Smith ◽  
Linda Phillips

Mexican American elders have higher levels of functional impairment and chronic illness, yet they use formal home care services less than do non-Hispanic White elders. This article describes the processes by which Mexican American elders and their caregivers decide to use home care services. Interviews were conducted with Mexican American elders (n = 11) and family caregivers (n = 12) for a sample of 23 individuals. The emerging substantive grounded theory included three stages that described the process of deciding to use home care services: Taking Care of our Own, Acknowledging Options, and Becoming Empowered. The processes describe how Mexican American families eventually accept home care services while maintaining their cultural norm of taking care of elders. The theory gives voice to both elders and caregivers in this process, adds to extant knowledge, and shapes interventions to support traditional Mexican American family values such as elders’ staying at home as long as possible. The theory meets nursing’s goals of reducing health care disparities by improving or sustaining elders’ health and functional ability, decreasing the caregiving burden, and reducing health care costs.


Author(s):  
Adalto Alfredo Pontes Filho ◽  
Lúcia Dias da Silva Guerra

O cuidado domiciliar à saúde é prática milenar que remota a existência da família como unidade estruturante da sociedade, e o domicílio como espaço de convivência do núcleo familiar. Já descrito em textos históricos do Egito e Grécia Antiga, o cuidado em saúde no ambiente domiciliar desta época tem pouco em comum com o que na atualidade denominamos Atenção Domiciliar à Saúde (ADS). Em tais épocas, o cuidar em saúde pode ser compreendido como extensão do papel social da unidade familiar, visto a inexistência de profissionais e serviços de saúde da forma que conhecemos hoje. Tal prática só será questionada, ou posta à prova, com o advento do hospital como estrutura moderna centralizadora e monopolizadora dos cuidados em saúde, amplamente impulsionada pelo desenvolvimento da Medicina Científica, a partir de meados do século XIX. Se o sucesso da Medicina Científica pode ser apontado como responsável pela perda do status dos cuidados domiciliares, atualmente os excessos da medicina baseada nas ciências biomédicas, estruturante das instituições hospitalares, parece ser o ponto de inflexão que tem levado pacientes, famílias e profissionais a questionar a supremacia hospitalar nos cuidados em saúde. No Brasil, tem-se observado nos últimos 20 anos o aumento progressivo do número de serviços de ADS. Tal movimento parece se justificar por três razões principais. A primeira delas, como descrito acima, diz respeito ao questionamento levantado pela sociedade quanto aos excessos, malefícios e limitações da medicina hospitalar para os cuidados de pacientes crônicos, ou em reabilitação de longo prazo. Um exemplo que ilustra esse fato são as infecções nosocomiais por patógenos multirresistentes adquiridas em internações hospitalares. Uma segunda razão diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias substitutivas àquelas de uso exclusivo às unidades hospitalares, o que permite a prestação de cuidados de níveis mais complexo em outros contextos, como o domiciliar. Pode-se citar a facilidade no aporte de terapia de suporte ventilatório e oxigenioterapia como exemplos. O terceiro, e certamente mais importante, diz respeito aos custos associados à assistência hospitalar, reconhecidos como problemas centrais em qualquer sistema de saúde. Apesar do histórico extenso da ADS e sua potencial capacidade de contribuir para melhorar a eficiência dos sistemas de saúde, a mesma ainda não está estruturada plenamente para este fim. Por ser extremamente abrangente e possuir uma diversidade de configurações possíveis, a ADS não possui um conceito único que integre as diferente dimensões em que está envolvida. A ADS é definida pelo Ministério da Saúde brasileiro, como uma modalidade de atenção à saúde, constituída por um conjunto de ações de promoção à saúde, prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação, prestada em domicílio, de forma integrada à Rede de Atenção à Saúde. No âmbito do SUS, a ADS tem se organizado a partir da rede de atenção primária à saúde, tendo como principal programa estruturante o Melhor em casa, criado em 2011. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é comparar os custos associados à ADS no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Método: O estudo proposto será realizado por meio de uma revisão de literatura integrativa, utilizando a bases de dados PubMed e LILACS. Para guiar esta revisão foi elaborada a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: “Quais são os custos associados à ADS no Brasil e nos Estado Unidos, e de que modo estes se relacionam com os modelos assistenciais e sistemas nacionais de saúde destes países?”.  Selecionou-se os seguintes Descritores de Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar, Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar, Agências de Assistência Domiciliar, Visita Domiciliar, Custos e Análise de Custo, Custos de Cuidados de Saúde, Gastos em Saúde, Organização e Administração. A sintaxe utilizada para a busca nas bases de dados Medline e Lilacs, foram as seguintes: no MEDLINE (((((((Home Care Services[MeSH Terms]) OR Home Care Services, Hospital-Based[MeSH Terms]) OR Home Care Agencies[MeSH Terms]) AND House Calls[MeSH Terms]) OR (Costs and Cost Analysis[MeSH Terms])) OR Health Care Costs[MeSH Terms]) OR Health Expenditures[MeSH Terms]) AND (Organization and Administration[MeSH Terms]), e na LILACS (tw:(Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar)) OR (tw:(Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar)) OR (tw:(Agências de Assistência Domiciliar)) OR (tw:(Visita Domiciliar)) AND (tw:(Custos e Análise de Custo)) OR (tw:(Custos de Cuidados de Saúde)) OR (tw:(Gastos em Saúde)) OR (tw:(Organização e Administração)). Resultados Esperados: pretende-se caracterizar a ADS nos países em estudo; descrever os principais itens de custo relacionados à ADS nos países em estudo; estudar as principais características dos sistemas de saúde dos países em estudo, considerando os modelos técnico-assistenciais presentes na ADS; e relacionar os custos associados à ADS com os modelos técnico-assistenciais e de sistemas de saúde dos países em estudo. Considerações finais: Apesar dos avanços da ADS nas últimas décadas, esta modalidade de assistência à saúde ainda é pouco estruturada e estudada. Em análise preliminar dos resultados da pesquisa nas bases de dados, observa-se que grande parte da literatura disponível se trata de relatos de experiência ou publicações amparadas no empirismo do autor. Tal fato pode indicar a necessidade de maior investimento neste campo, visto seu potencial como reorganizador da atenção à saúde de pacientes com condições crônicas ou em contexto de terminalidade de vida.


2021 ◽  
pp. 108482232110383
Author(s):  
Irene Lizano-Díez ◽  
Sonia Amaral-Rohter ◽  
Lucía Pérez-Carbonell ◽  
Susana Aceituno

Patient Support Programs (PSPs) reinforce patients’ care provided by health care professionals with the aim to improve adherence and patient empowerment. PSPs may include interventions such as home-based care, individualized medication counseling, support, training, and home delivery of medicines and/or devices. This study described these services and its impact on patient-reported outcomes and health care savings. We conducted an integrative literature review which was limited to publications from the last 10 years (2009-2019) and focused on diseases that require special support and/or parenteral administration. From 7040 total citations, we identified 64 home-based care services performed worldwide. Among the home-based care services, most were provided by nurses (n = 47/64; 73.4%) and addressed to cancer patients (n = 22/64; 34.4%); 23 out of 64 services (35.9%) incorporated telepharmacy. In general, home-based services and PSPs showed a positive impact on patients’ adherence to medication, patient satisfaction, and health-related quality of life. In addition, 14 (21.9%) services reported economic results, most of which showed that home therapy led to substantial cost savings.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Mônica Andrade ◽  
Patrícia Pinto Braga ◽  
Maria Ribeiro Lacerda ◽  
Elysangela Dittz Duarte ◽  
Laerte Honorato Borges Junior ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the knowledge standards that found nursing practices in the home care setting. Method: qualitative study using a single case study strategy, supported by the dialectical methodological framework. Thirteen nurses who work in home care services from two municipalities in Minas Gerais, Brazil, participated. The data were obtained in 266.5 hours of participant observation and 8 hours and 58 minutes of interview and submitted to Critical Discourse Analysis. Results: empirical knowledge was revealed to be fundamental for clinical, managerial and educational care at home. The adaptations specific to this environment require aesthetic knowledge. The relational and educational actions, the decisions responsible for benefiting the individual and his family, the doubt and willingness to learn when dealing with unpredictable cases and the assessment of the socioeconomic conditions of the family, represent, respectively, personal, ethical, lack of knowledge and sociopolitical aspects present in the practice of nurses in home care. Conclusion: the particularities of home care trigger different patterns of knowledge to ensure creative, sensitive, human and responsible care. Innovation and availability to learn are part of nurses' performance in home care. The need for differentiated training is reinforced in order to respond to the increasing complexity in this field.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finaba Berete ◽  
Stefaan Demarest ◽  
Rana Charafeddine ◽  
Karin Ridder ◽  
Johan Vanoverloop ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundThis study examines the risk factors associated with nursing home admission (NHA) in Belgium to contribute to a better planning of the future demand for nursing home (NH) services and health care resources.MethodsIndividual level linkage of the 2013 Belgian health interview survey data and health insurance data (2012 to 2018) was done. Only non-institutionalized participants, aged ≥65 years at the time of the survey were included in this study (n=1930). Participants were followed until NHA, death or end of study period, i.e., December 31, 2018. The risk of NHA was calculated using a competing risk analysis.ResultsOver the follow-up period (median 5.29 years), 226 individuals were admitted to a NH and 268 died without admission to a NH. The overall cumulative risk of NHA was 1.4%, 5.7% and 13.1% at, respectively 1 year, 3 years and the end of follow-up. After multivariable adjustment, higher age, low educational attainment, belonging to low income household, living alone, use of home care services and a number of need factor (e.g., history of falls, suffering from urinary incontinence, depression or Alzheimer disease, etc.) were significantly associated with a higher risk of NHA, while female, individuals with multimorbidity and increased contacts with health care providers were significantly associated with a decreased risk of NHA. Subjective health and limitations are both significant determinants of NHA, but subjective health is an effect modifier on the effect of limitations and vice versa.ConclusionsOur findings pinpoint important predictors of NHA in older adults, and offer possibilities of prevention to avoid or delay NHA for this population. The strong impact of need factors on the risk of NHA may indicate equitable access to NHA (i.e., those in need for support have access to NH). Practical implications include prevention of falls and appropriate and timely management of physical chronic conditions and neurodegenerative disorders. Focus should also be on people living alone to provide the appropriate social support and/or home care services. Further investigation of predictors of NHA should include contextual factors such as the availability of nursing-home beds, hospital beds, physicians and waiting lists for NHA.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Lousada ◽  
Francisco Clécio Dutra ◽  
Beatriz Silva ◽  
Natália Oliveira ◽  
Ismael Bastos ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Safety culture in primary care and home care services is still poorly studied, although this levels of care are the gateways to health services. This study aims to evaluate the culture of patient safety in Primary and Home Care Services. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study carried out with 147 professionals from nine district linked to the Home Care Program and six primary health care units. For the evaluation of culture, the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) was used, which considers a positive patient safety culture with scores ≥ 75. Results: Men who work in home care with time of professional experience of three to four years scored better for the Safety Climate, Job Satisfaction, Teamwork Climate and Total SAQ. Perception of management and Working Conditions received lower scores from professionals with long time of experience.Conclusions: It is concluded that the safety culture evaluation was better in the home care service when compared to the primary health care service.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Ward-Griffin ◽  
Jodi Hall ◽  
Ryan DeForge ◽  
Oona St-Amant ◽  
Carol McWilliam ◽  
...  

With the number of people living with dementia expected to more than double within the next 25 years, the demand for dementia home care services will increase. In this critical ethnographic study, we drew upon interview and participant data with persons with dementia, family caregivers, in-home providers, and case managers in nine dementia care networks to examine the management of dementia home care resources. Three interrelated, dialectical themes were identified: (1)finite formal care-inexhaustible familial care,(2)accessible resources rhetoric-Iinaccessible resources reality,and (3)diminishing care resources-increasing care needs. The development of policies and practices that provideavailable, accessible, andappropriateresources, ensuringequitable, not necessarily equal, distribution of dementia care resources is required if we are to meet the goal of aging in place now and in the future.


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