scholarly journals Evaluating the Preparedness of a Process Industry to Deal with an Imminent Fire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmail AHMADIAN ◽  
Hamidreza MEHRI ◽  
Faeze SEPAHI-ZOERAM ◽  
Hamed MOHAMMADI
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
P Value ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Gas Refinery

Introduction: Due to occurrence of fires in process industries, it is vital to implement crisis management systems in these industries and keep the readiness of these systems high. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the readiness of emergency response teams to deal with a possible fire in a process industry. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed in 2019 in a gas refinery with a statistical population of 200 people. A questionnaire with Likert scale was designed through library and field studies for all teams participating in the firefighting process. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were used to measure validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaires. The collected data were entered into SPSS software version 24 and statistical analysis was performed at 95% significance level using One Way ANOWA test. Results: The results showed that the readiness of this refinery to deal with a possible fire was 68.3%, which among the 11 teams participating in this process, the security team with 53.48% had the lowest and the logistics team with 77.5% had the highest preparedness (P-value = 0.028). The highest CVR was for the safety team questionnaire (0.77) and the highest Cronbach's alpha coefficient was for the liaison team (0.92).  Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the readiness of this gas refinery in the firefighting process is satisfactory, although some teams, including the security team, are less prepared than other teams. Therefore, it is better to take intervention measures as soon as possible, including providing the necessary equipment and providing various trainings and maneuvers in order to increase the readiness of the teams.  

scholarly journals Questionnaire development and validation for designing a health telemonitoring system for frail elderly people

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 205520761983894
Author(s):  
Ahmadreza Shamsabadi ◽  
Ahmad Delbari ◽  
Ahmad Siar Sadr ◽  
Esmaeil Mehraeen ◽  
Niloofar Mohammadzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Frail Elderly People ◽  
At Home

Background Advancements in information technology have been instrumental in successful recent developments in telemonitoring systems. In this regard, there is a lack of development of valid and reliable tools to determine the requirements and applications of telemonitoring systems used to provide health care for frail elderly people living at home, specifically in a national setting. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2018. The statistical population was 15 geriatric and gerontology professionals and 15 health information management experts. Then, content validity ratio (CVR), Cronbach's alpha, and correlation coefficient were calculated for measuring content validity, internal consistency and external reliability (through the test–retest method) respectively. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. Results Based on the identified items, a draft questionnaire was developed. Using the validity analysis in two stages, 37 items were removed, and 60 items were approved as the essential system requirements. The final questionnaire was organized into five sections with content validity index 99% and internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.9). Furthermore, the external reliability results of the questionnaire showed that this instrument has a desirable correlation coefficient ( r = 0.85, p-value<0.05). Conclusion Considering the desirable validity and reliability of the questionnaire developed, it is recommended to telemonitoring system designers to determine the usages and requirements of health monitoring systems for frail elderly people living at home. The verified instrument is suitable for use in countries with the same living conditions and level of development as Iran.

scholarly journals Evaluating Reliability of Theory of Planned Behaviour Questionnaire for Withdrawal of Divorce Petition

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1512-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Ardian ◽  
Seyed Alireza Afshani ◽  
Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad ◽  
Seyed Saeid Mazloomi Mahmoodabad ◽  
Ali Akbar Vaezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
The Face ◽  
Suitable Framework

BACKGROUND: Given the increased rate of divorce, it is important to analyse the characteristics of divorce applicants. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) can provide a suitable framework to predict, explain, and/or change the behaviours. In Iran, no instrument can be found, based on health education models, to investigate divorce petition filing as a behaviour.AIM: This study was conducted to design a questionnaire on withdrawal of divorce petition based on the TPB and estimate its validity and reliability.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted in 27 participants involved in the divorce process using directed content analysis. The face and content validity of 58 items, drawn from the qualitative study, were evaluated by 10 experts. The reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The SPSS version 16 was used to analyse data.RESULTS: Estimates of the face and content validity (quantitative and qualitative), revealed that of the 58 items, 48 were valid based on four of the constructs of the TPB. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was also derived greater than 0.6.CONCLUSION: The designed questionnaire, whose validity and reliability was confirmed in this study, can be used in similar studies. However, the social and cultural differences and their related effects should be considered.

scholarly journals Psychometrics of Assessment Tools to Examine the Challenges of Physicians' Participation in Accreditation Programs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosein Ebrahimipour ◽  
Elahe Hooshmand ◽  
Mehdi Varmaghani ◽  
Seyyed Morteza Mojtabaeian
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Improvement Programs

Background: Many organizations believe that physician involvement is important in quality and safety of health services, but they did not properly define, measure, and improve it, so because of the importance of the quality of health care and increasing the involvement of physician this study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of a questionnaire on the challenges of physicians' participation in quality improvement programs. Methods: In this cross-sectional study conducted in the hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, a researcher-made questionnaire about challenges of physicians' participation in accreditation activities used for data gathering. The content validity ratio index and content validity index were also calculated. To measure the internal consistency of the instrument, the questionnaire was distributed among 14 physicians, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was determined. For stability or reproducibility of the instrument, test - retest and correlation coefficient were calculated. By distributing questionnaires among 14 people those meeting inclusion criteria, the correlation coefficient was measured twice and at intervals of 2 weeks. SPSS 21 software was used for data analysis Results: The initial questionnaire was consisted of 61 items, which were reduced to 38 items after face and content psychometrics. The questionnaire has 12 sub-concepts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.83 and the intragroup correlation coefficient in 2 measurements 2 weeks apart was 0.94. Conclusion: This questionnaire is the first and only valid and reliable dedicated tool in the field of challenges of physicians' participation in accreditation activities in Iran, which can measure and prioritize the challenges in each health center and it can be used to improve health care quality services that are performed by doctors.

scholarly journals How Prepared are Hospital Employees for Internal Fire Disasters? A Study of an Indian Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Kasturi Shukla ◽  
Priyadarshini Chandrashekhar ◽  
Shweta Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preparedness Plan ◽  
Hospital Employees ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha

ABSTRACT Introduction In case of internal disasters, such as fire in hospitals, health services to the community are severely hampered with the additional morbidity of victims, such as employees and visitors present when the disaster strikes. Risk assessment and fire preparedness are most crucial proactive measures to prevent fire disasters and minimize the loss in a hospital; however, scanty studies are available on this topic. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at a multispecialty hospital in Mumbai, Maharashtra (India), during March. April 2014. Fire-Safety Preparedness Framework (FSPF) was designed with four domains (risk and vulnerability assessment, response mechanisms and strategies, preparedness plan and information management) for evaluation of fire safety preparedness of hospital employees. Baseline variables were summarized; instrument was tested for reliability using Cronbach's alpha and content validity through review by experts. The number of correct responses for each question was further analyzed across the type of employee. Results The instrument showed high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89, p-value. 0.01) and content validity. A total of 207 employees (mean age 32) 8.3 years, 63% females) consented and participated in the study. Out of 20 questions, awareness was high (90%) only for three questions from Response mechanism and strategies-domain. For the remaining questions, awareness was moderate to low. The awareness varied highly with the type of employee. Conclusion The FSPF is a reliable tool for application in the Indian context for hospital employees. Disaster preparedness training and drill need to involve employees from all departments as awareness levels varied highly with type of employee. How to cite this article Shukla K, Chandrashekhar P, Mehta S. How Prepared are Hospital Employees for Internal Fire Disasters? A Study of an Indian Hospital. Int J Res Foundation Hospc Health Adm 2016;4(1):20-24.

scholarly journals Development of TPACK for teacher-educators

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimisha Beri ◽  
Lalit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Virtual Learning Environment ◽  
P Value ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
High Level

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable TPACK (technological pedagogical content knowledge) scale based on the core components of TPACK framework in order to measure teacher-educators’ TPACK. For this purpose, 46 statements were developed and tested by 5-point Likert type scale. Data were collected from 642 teacher educators working in different colleges of education under different universities in state of Punjab. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 software. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out in order to investigate the factor structure of the scale. EFA resulted in six factors named as Pedagogical skills, Creative thinking skills, Ethics, Instructional design, Innovativeness and Virtual learning environment. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient for the whole scale was calculated as .848. The KMO value was calculated as .889 and the Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity examined (chi-square = 17196.73; df = 1035), which is significant (P-Value<.001). Based on result and in comparison with the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values for other TPACK surveys in the literature as a whole and for their sub-components the TPACK scale established here can be said to have a high level of reliability in terms of its factors and as a whole.

scholarly journals Developing an innovative clinical governance assessment framework for Dental Schools in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Dental Schools

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a DCG assessment framework for use in local dental schools in Iran. Methods: A mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) was used in the present investigation. The study was performed in 3 steps, including: a) thorough literature review, b) focused group discussion and c) Application of validated instrument. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated for each question. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to evaluate the internal consistency and reliability for this questionnaire. The Smart PLS software was used for calculation of Goodness of Fit (GOF) for confirmatory factorial analysis to determine construct validity of this questionnaire. Results: Initially, 140 items covering 7 DCG domains were identified after comprehensive literature review. Ten specialists participated in the expert panel, rating independently on the necessity, relevancy, simplicity and clarity of each question. Expert’s ratings were used to calculate the validity for each question. The questions with CVI lower than 0.79 and the CVR less than 0.62 were excluded. Reliability analysis was conducted by calculating intra class coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient which were 0.88 and 0.92 respectively. This shows good reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire. Construct validity determined by computing Goodness of Fit index. The result was 0.622, which indicates a good level of construct validity. After validation process, 124 out of 140 questions left to cover the 7 domains of DCG in our newly developed and validated framework. Conclusions: The newly developed and standardized DCG framework can be used for assessment of compliance level among Iranian dental schools at the national level.

scholarly journals Εκτίμηση του προβλήματος της εφηβικής παχυσαρκίας στο νομό Λαρίσης

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Άννα Πατσοπούλου
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Climate ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
P Value ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Parental Authority Questionnaire

Εισαγωγή: Η αυξανόμενη παχυσαρκία στην εφηβεία αποτελεί ένα παγκόσμιο πρόβλημα δημόσιας υγείας. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης του προγράμματος «Feeding Exercise Trial in Adolescents (FETA)» είναι: α) στην αρχική φάση, η διερεύνηση του επιπολασμού της παχυσαρκίας των εφήβων και των γονέων τους στην περιοχή της Λάρισας και β) στη δεύτερη φάση, η αξιολόγηση της αποτελεσματικότητας του προγράμματος FETA.Μέθοδος: Στην αρχική φάση το δείγμα αποτελούνταν από 816 έφηβους, ηλικίας 12-18 ετών και τους γονείς τους από 17 γυμνάσια και λύκεια της Λάρισας. Κατά τις επισκέψεις στα σχολεία πραγματοποιήθηκαν ανθρωπομετρικές μετρήσεις καθώς και μετρήσεις αρτηριακής πιέσεως. Οι μαθητές συμπλήρωσαν ερωτηματολόγια που περιλάμβαναν τα δημογραφικά χαρακτηριστικά και την τροποποιημένη μορφή των ερωτηματολογίων Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), του Parent-Initiated Motivational Climate Questionnaire-2 (PIMCQ-2) και του Family Eating and Activity Habits Questionnaire (FEAHQ). Οι γονείς συμπλήρωσαν ένα ερωτηματολόγιο δημογραφικών και ανθρωπομετρικών στοιχείων καθώς και το FEAHQ. Στη δεύτερη φάση 181 υπέρβαροι και παχύσαρκοι έφηβοι (ηλικίας 12-16 ετών) πήραν μέρος και χωρίστηκαν σε τρεις ομάδες μελέτης («Διατροφή & Άσκηση», «Άσκηση» και ελέγχου), ενώ 150 έμειναν μέχρι το τέλος των 3 μηνών του προγράμματος αλλά και 3 μήνες μετά το πέρας αυτού. Η ομάδα «Άσκηση» εφάρμοσε ένα 45λεπτό πρόγραμμα εκπαίδευσης στοχευόμενο στη φυσική άσκηση, ενώ η ομάδα που εφάρμοσε το πρόγραμμα «Διατροφή & Άσκηση» πριν το πρόγραμμα της φυσικής άσκησης συμμετείχε σε 10-15λεπτές συνεδρίες στοχευόμενες στη διατροφή που μπορούσαν να τις παρακολουθήσουν και οι γονείς. Όλοι οι έφηβοι συμμετείχαν σε ανθρωπομετρικές μετρήσεις, σε κινητικές δοκιμασίες και καταγραφή οικογενειακών συνηθειών (FEAHQ) μαζί με τους γονείς τους. Το Epi Info χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την καταγραφή των δεδομένων και το στατιστικό πακέτο SPSS για τη στατιστική ανάλυση. Καταγράφηκε ο μέσος όρος αλλά και οι συχνότητες ποσοτικών μεταβλητών. Με τον δείκτη Cronbach’s alpha coefficient καταγράφηκε η αξιοπιστία των ερωτηματολογίων PAQ, PIMCQ και FEAHQ. Δεχτήκαμε ως βαθμό σημαντικότητας p-value λιγότερο από 0.05 (p<0.05). Αποτελέσματα: Τα αποτελέσματα της αρχικής φάσης έδειξαν ότι το 75.2% των εφήβων είχαν φυσιολογικό Δείκτη Μάζας Σώματος (ΔΜΣ), το 2.6% των εφήβων ήταν λιποβαρή, το 18% υπέρβαρα και 4.2% παχύσαρκα. Όσον αφορά τους γονείς, το 76.3% των πατέρων και 39.2% των μητέρων ήταν υπέρβαροι ή παχύσαρκοι. Η πολυπαραγοντική ανάλυση λογιστικής παλινδρόμησης έδειξε ότι το υπερβολικό βάρος ή η παχυσαρκία στην εφηβεία σχετίζεται με το φύλο (αγόρι), το ΔΜΣ της μητέρας, το μορφωτικό επίπεδο της μητέρας, τη συνήθεια να τρώνε ενώ χωρίς να πεινάνε, τη συνήθεια να τρώνε το φαγητό στα δωμάτια εκτός από την κουζίνα και τον τύπο του πατέρα που κινητοποιείται με την ανησυχία για την αποτυχία. Τα αποτελέσματα της δεύτερης φάσης (κλινική δοκιμή-παρέμβαση) έδειξαν ότι οι ομάδες «Άσκηση» και «Διατροφή & Άσκηση» μείωσαν σημαντικά (p < 0.001) το μέσο όρο του ΔΜΣ (-1.1, 95% CI: 1.3,-0.8 και -1.4, 95% CI: -1.7, -1.2 αντίστοιχα), της περιφέρειας μέσης, της συστολικής και διαστολικής αρτηριακής πίεσης, τους παλμούς ανά λεπτό και της κινητικής δοκιμασίας των 50μ. σπριντ στους 3 μήνες, ενώ η μεγαλύτερη μείωση του ΔΜΣ παρατηρήθηκε στους 6 μήνες ( -2.3, 95% CI: -2.6, -2,0 και -3.1, 95% CI: -3.3, -2.8). Σημαντικές αλλαγές στην συνολική βαθμολογία FEAHQ επιτεύχθηκαν μόνο στην ομάδα «Διατροφή & Άσκηση», τόσο στους 3 όσο και στους 6 μήνες.Συμπεράσματα: Η κλινική δοκιμή FETA είχε ως αποτέλεσμα σημαντική βελτίωση των τιμών του ΔΜΣ σε υπέρβαρους και παχύσαρκους εφήβους, αύξησης της δραστηριότητας τους και βελτίωσης των διατροφικών συνήθειών των οικογενειών, όπου διατηρούνται και 3 μήνες μετά την ολοκλήρωση του προγράμματος. Συζήτηση: Οι μελλοντικές παρεμβάσεις πρέπει να εστιάζουν τόσο στους γονείς όσο και στα παιδιά, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη το ρόλο της γονικής μέριμνας, για την πρόληψη της παχυσαρκίας των εφήβων.

scholarly journals Validation and reliability study of a ventilator usability assessment tool

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Paykari ◽  
A. Mazloumi ◽  
G. H. Halvani ◽  
S. Ghaneh ◽  
Musa Mashayekhi
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Reliability Study ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Usability Assessment ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

Background: Usability is an index to assess a product from the viewpoint of users satisfaction, efficiency and productivity improvement. The main attributes of usability that are derived from the human factors are  and used  in usability design of the interfaces Include: compatibility, consistency, flexibility, minimal action, perceptual limitation, usefulness, learnability, ease of use, minimal memory load, user guidance, satisfaction and errors. The main aim of this study was to assess the usability of interface design tool for a ventilator utilized in the hospitals of Arak city, Iran; and study its validation and reliability. Methods and Materials After constructing the initial questionnaire from the standard sources, specific techniques to determine the validity,  and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used for the validity and reliability study. The study procedure was: determining the scope and dimensions of the questions, drafting questionnaire, assigning members of the expert panel, study, questionnaire data acquisition  and analysis methods, determining acceptance criteria of the questions and the content validity and reliability index. Results Final tool was a 42-items questionnaire. The content validity index (CVI) of questionnaire was 0.86. The results showed that the total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.89 as an acceptable value for the reliability of questionnaire. Conclusion After the final questionnaire design and the appropriate validity and reliability of it, adopting this tool to assess the usability of breathing apparatus (ventilator) is recommended. With usability assessment of such vital instruments, quality improvement, higher efficiency and productivity as well as errors reduction and good design user interface will be achieved. Keywords: usability, ventilator, evaluation questionnaire, content validity, reliability

scholarly journals Validation of the Breastfeeding Experience Scale in a Sample of Iranian Mothers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forough Mortazavi ◽  
Seyed Abbas Mousavi ◽  
Reza Chaman ◽  
Ahmad Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Farsi Version

Objectives. The aim of this study was to validate the breastfeeding experience scale (BES) in a sample of Iranian mothers.Methods. After translation and back translation of the BES, an expert panel evaluated the items by assessing the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). 347 of mothers visiting health centers completed the Farsi version of the BES in the first month postpartum. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to indicate the scale constructs. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.Results. CVR and CVI scores for the BES were 0.96 and 0.87, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the BES was 0.83. The results of the EFA revealed a new 5-factor model. The results of the CFA for the BES indicated a marginally acceptable fit for the proposed model and acceptable fit for the new model (RMSEA = 0.064, SRMR = 0.064,χ2/df = 2.4, and CFI = 0.95). Mothers who were exclusively breastfeeding at the first month postpartum had less breastfeeding difficulties score (30.3 ± 7.6) than mothers who were on partial breastfeeding (36.7 ± 11.3) (P<0.001).Conclusions. The Farsi version of the BES is a reliable and valid instrument to assess postpartum breastfeeding difficulties in Iranian mothers.

The Effect of Social Support and Hope on Resilience in Adolescents

Humaniora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Novi Hidayat ◽  
Siti Rohmah Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto

This study intended to investigate the effect of social support and hope simultaneously and independently on resilience in adolescents. This study used quantitative methods with ex post facto design. Multistage random sampling techniques were used, which resulted in a sample of 291 adolescents in junior high school from Pagentan district, Central Java, Indonesia. They completed three questionnaires of social support, hope, and resilience. The validity of the instruments used was measured by psychology measurement experts (content validity). Then, the reliability of the instruments was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha. The Cronbach’s alpha for each instrument was 0,854 (social support), 0,835 (hope), and 0,778 (resiliency). Data were analyzed using multiple regression at the significance level of 0,05. The results of the study reveal that there is an effect of social support and hope simultaneously and independently on resilience in adolescents. There are effective contributions of social support and hope to the resilience of about 41% (from social support 13,2% and hope of 27,8% respectively).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document