scholarly journals (RE) MAPPING EMPOWERMENT OUTCOMES AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN RURAL INDIA: A PANEL DATA STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-595
Author(s):  
Asoke Howlader ◽  
Sidhartha Sankar Laha ◽  
Arindam Modak
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose of the study: This paper endeavours to re-examine the socio-economic factors influencing empowerment among married women in rural India over two points of time, 2005 and 2012. It examines the interplay of the work status of rural married women and the poverty status of their household in influencing empowerment. Methodology: The study uses the nationally representative multi-topic India Human Development Survey (IHDS). IHDS panel data has been utilized to assess the entry and exit from a workforce of rural married women, to define the components of empowerment among rural married women and analyze the socio-economic factors influencing the empowerment among rural married women. Main Findings: The outcomes show the increase in the overall empowerment rates in spite of their mobility constraints seem to have badly risen during the period 2005-2012, especially in the context of deteriorating work input among rural women. Moreover, working rural married women from BPL (Below Poverty Line) rural households are less likely to be empowered as compared to working rural married women from APL (Above Poverty Line) households. Applications of this study: The rural female work participation rate is declining in the phase of rising economic growth and education. In this context, their empowerment would not only benefit their personal lives but also impact their economic lives, thus contribute to the country`s GDP. This makes it vital to analyze as to what comprises their empowerment in the first place so that it can be promoted through various schemes. Novelty/Originality of this study: Women’s economic empowerment and their participation in work are essential to bringing in the fullest demographic dividend for inclusive economic escalation and sustainable development in India. Thus, empowerment which may not necessarily be implied by employment is conditioned upon the poverty status of the household. However, the empowerment of rural married women is facilitated by higher education of self, husband and other family members.

scholarly journals The gap between desired and expected fertility among women in Iran: A case study of Tehran city

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257128
Author(s):  
Maryam Hosseini ◽  
Udoy Saikia ◽  
Gouranga Dasvarma
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Fertility Desires ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The 2016 Iranian Census reveals that 14 of the country’s 31 provinces have sub-replacement fertility. The province of Tehran, where a woman on average gives birth to 1.5 children during her reproductive period, has the lowest fertility in Iran. However, the ‘two-child’ norm prevails in the country and even a woman of young reproductive age still values having at least two children on average. In other words, there exists a gap between a woman’s actual and desired fertility. This paper examines the demographic and socio-economic factors influencing the gap between actual and desired fertility in Tehran city based on a sample survey of 400 married women aged 15–49 years, conducted in 2015. The findings of the study reveal that the women of Tehran would be able to meet their fertility desires of two or more children if they were able to achieve their intended number of children they stated in the survey. However, should these women face any socio-economic constraint, they would be very likely to restrain their fertility desires and have fewer additional children than they initially intended, and thus continue with the sub-replacement fertility as being observed in Iran today.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Factors Influencing on Total Fertility Rate in Iran: A Panel Data Analysis for the Period of 2002-2012

10.19082/2551 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2551-2556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Jafari ◽  
Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan ◽  
Abou Ali Vedadhir ◽  
Abbas Rahimi Foroushani ◽  
Bahman Ahadinejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Empowerment of Rural Women through SHGs: A Study in Telangana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Help Group

The self-help group (SHG) is a powerful instrument to empower economically backward women of rural India as the women members under the SHG not only can earn income but they feel empowered also. With the launching of Swarnajaynti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India from April 1999, subsequently rechristened as Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana–National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM) self-help group approach (SHG) has been given utmost importance in India for the development of rural women mainly focusing on below poverty line households. SHG concept is popular in many rural areas of India as through economic development and subsequently empowering, rural women have got a solid platform. This research article has discussed the how rural women after forming SHGs in Ranga Reddy district (R.R. District) of Telangana were not only earning and contributing to the family but felt empowered also. The study was carried out at Gandipet village of Gandipet Mandal, Ranga Reddy (R.R.) district in September 2017. The some women members of 10 different SHGs were contacted and few individual cases are presented here.

scholarly journals Socio-economic Factors Influencing the Development of Renewable Energy Production Sector in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Tadeusz A. Grzeszczyk ◽  
Waldemar Izdebski ◽  
Michał Izdebski ◽  
Tadeusz Waściński
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Renewable Energy Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Poland is not one of the leaders in the use of renewable energy sources (RES), and most energy is still produced using hard coal and lignite. Therefore, there are noteworthy emissions of air pollution (including ashes and greenhouse gases), and the Polish energy sector is characterized by a substantial degree of carbonization, which, as a result, threatens to expressively increase the costs of electricity production, leading to financial penalties imposed by the EU. The aim of this paper is to analyze socio-economic factors influencing the development of the RES sector in Poland. According to this aim, expert research was carried out, in which the factors influencing development potential of RES were assessed at two levels (level II – 5 factors, level III – 15 factors) according to the factor tree analysis. Based on the analysis of the level II factors, it can be concluded that the development of the RES sector in Poland will depend to a decisive extent on factors such as: EU decisions and Polish legislation affecting the development of the RES sector in Poland, prices and availability of conventional energy carriers. Other two factors – regional policy on ecology and ecological awareness in Poland – have so far little impact on the development of this sector in the state. The analysis of the level III factors shows that the greatest impact on the development of the RES sector in Poland is the influence of European lobbying of manufacturers of machinery and equipment for renewable energy production on EU law, the impact of Polish lobbying of conventional energy producers on Polish law in the production of renewable energy and the influence of European lobbying of renewable energy producers into EU law.

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