scholarly journals Analysing the Effect of Prophylaxis Antibiotic Administration on Pediatric Clean Surgery Based on Post Operative Response of Neutrophil, Monocyte, and Lymphocyte, and Surgical Site Infection Rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3430-3434
Author(s):  
Andrizal Yoesoef ◽  
Erjan Fikri ◽  
Aznan Lelo
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Wound Complication ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Wound ◽  
Surgical Site Infection Rate ◽  
Double Blind

Insignificant administration of antibiotic leads to higher health cost and increase of antibiotic resistance. National prophylaxis antibiotic guideline on clean surgery amongst developed countries are varies meanwhile most developing countries still do not have any and adopt the established guidelines, not to mention there is not many specific guidelines for pediatric procedure. In Indonesia, 30% to 80% antibiotic usage was proven unnecessary. This study analysed the effect prophylaxis antibiotic administration on pediatric clean surgery based on post operative response of neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte, as the parameters of cell-mediated inflammatory response on tissue injury or infection, and surgical site infection rate. A double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted from May 2013 to April 2014 at multi-hospital in Medan, Indonesia. Total sample is 42 subjects, distributed evenly into 2 groups. Post operative blood sample was examined on 3rd day and surgical wound was evaluated until 30th day. Both groups were comparable in patients’ demographic, clinical characteristic, and surgery procedure. Post operative rates of neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte are not statistically different between groups (P = 0.083, P = 0.121, dan P = 0.486). Pre and post operative difference rates of neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte are not statistically different between groups (P = 0.065, P = 0.294, dan P = 0.367). Surgical wound complication was 2.4% of total 42 sample (P = 1,00) with 0% surgical site infection event on both groups. This study recommends prophylaxis antibiotic administration on pediatric clean surgery is not necessary.

Nine-year downward trends in surgical site infection rate in southeast France (1995–2003)

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Couris ◽  
M. Rabilloud ◽  
R. Ecochard ◽  
M.H. Metzger ◽  
E. Caillat-Vallet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Site Infection Rate

scholarly journals Standardising intraoperative irrigation with 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate in caesarean delivery to reduce surgical site infections: A single institution experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Theresa Mangold ◽  
Erin Kinzel Hamilton ◽  
Helen Boehm Johnson ◽  
Rene Perez
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
The Impact

Background Surgical site infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following caesarean delivery. Objective To determine whether standardising intraoperative irrigation with 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate during caesarean delivery could decrease infection rates. Methods This was a process improvement project involving 742 women, 343 of whom received low-pressured 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate irrigation during caesarean delivery over a one-year period. Infection rates were compared with a standard-of-care control group (399 women) undergoing caesarean delivery the preceding year. Results The treatment group infection rate met the study goal by achieving a lower infection rate than the control group, though this was not statistically significant. A significant interaction effect between irrigation with 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate and antibiotic administration time existed, such that infection occurrence in the treatment group was not dependent on antibiotic timing, as opposed to the control group infection occurrence, which was dependent on antibiotic timing. Conclusion Intraoperative irrigation with 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate during caesarean delivery did not statistically significantly reduce the rate of infections. It did render the impact of antibiotic administration timing irrelevant in prevention of surgical site infection. This suggests a role for 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate irrigation in mitigating infection risk whether antibiotic prophylaxis timing is suboptimal or ideal.

scholarly journals Effect of a single preoperative dose of oral antibiotic to reduce the incidence of surgical site infection following below-knee dermatological flap and graft repair

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Rosengren ◽  
Clare Heal ◽  
Petra Buettner
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Double Blind

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) rates for below-knee dermatological surgery are unacceptably high, particularly following complex flap and graft closures. The role of antibiotic prophylaxis for these surgical cases is uncertain. Objective: To determine whether SSI following complex dermatological closures on the leg could be reduced by antibiotic prophylaxis administered as a single oral preoperative dose. Methods: A total of 115 participants were randomized to 2 g of oral cephalexin or placebo 40-60 minutes prior to surgical incision in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at a primary care skin cancer clinic in North Queensland, Australia. Results: Overall 17/55 (30.9%) controls and 14/55 (25.5%) intervention participants developed infection (P = 0.525). There was no difference between the study groups in adverse symptoms that could be attributed to high-dose antibiotic administration (P = 1).

scholarly journals Dual antibiotic prevention bundle is associated with decreased surgical site infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1411-1417
Author(s):  
Michelle Kuznicki ◽  
Adrianne Mallen ◽  
Emily Clair McClung ◽  
Sharon E Robertson ◽  
Sarah Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Gynecologic Oncology ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Site Infection Rate ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Bundle Versus ◽  
Exact Test

BackgroundGynecologic oncology surgery is associated with a wide variation in surgical site infection risk. The optimal method for infection prevention in this heterogeneous population remains uncertain.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study was performed to compare surgical site infection rates for patients undergoing hysterectomy over a 1-year period surrounding the implementation of an institutional infection prevention bundle. The bundle comprised pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative interventions including a dual-agent antibiotic surgical prophylaxis with cefazolin and metronidazole. Cohorts consisted of patients undergoing surgery during the 6 months prior to this intervention (pre-bundle) versus those undergoing surgery during the 6 months following the intervention (post-bundle). Secondary outcomes included length of stay, readmission rates, compliance measures, and infection microbiology. Data were compared with pre-specified one-sided exact test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, or Kruskal–Wallis test as appropriate.ResultsA total of 358 patients were included (178 PRE, 180 POST). Median age was 58 (range 23–90) years. The post-bundle cohort had a 58% reduction in surgical site infection rate, 3.3% POST vs 7.9% PRE (−4.5%, 95% CI −9.3% to −0.2%, p=0.049) as well as reductions in organ space infection, 0.6% POST vs 4.5% PRE (−3.9%, 95% CI −7.2% to −0.7%, p=0.019), and readmission rates, 2.2% POST vs 6.7% PRE (−4.5%, 95% CI −8.7% to −0.2%, p=0.04). Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria were all prevalent in surgical site infection cultures. There were no monomicrobial infections in post-cohort cultures (0% POST vs 58% PRE, p=0.04). No infections contained methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.ConclusionImplementation of a dual antibiotic infection prevention bundle was associated with a 58% reduction in surgical site infection rate after hysterectomy in a surgically diverse gynecologic oncology practice.

scholarly journals A Randomized Control Trial Comparing Transparent Film Dressings and Conventional Occlusive Dressings for Elective Surgical Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 2844-2850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moushira Hosny Ezzelarab ◽  
Omar Nouh ◽  
Ahmed Nabil Ahmed ◽  
Mervat Gaber Anany ◽  
Nevine Gamal El Rachidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Site Infection Rate ◽  
Gauze Dressing ◽  
Clean Contaminated ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection is one of the major health-care-associated problems causing substantial morbidity and mortality and constituting a financial burden on hospitals as well. The wound management is one of the crucial evidence-based strategies in the reduction of surgical site infection rates AIM: To study the impact of standardisation of transparent semipermeable dressing procedure on the rate of surgical site infection in comparison with conventional dressing in clean and clean-contaminated surgeries. METHODS: The study included 100 patients who were admitted to surgical wards in Cairo university hospitals, for clean and clean-contaminated operations, in the period from February 2017 to August 2017. Immunocompromised and uncontrolled diabetic patients were excluded. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups; in the first group, patients wounds were covered using transparent semipermeable dressing, while the second group patients’ wounds were covered using conventional occlusive gauze dressing. Patients were followed up for criteria of infection every other day during the first week then at two weeks, three weeks and four weeks. RESULTS: In clean and clean-contaminated operations, the transparent dressing group showed a significantly lesser rate of surgical site infection at (2%), compared with the conventional occlusive gauze dressing group with a surgical site infection rate of (14%) (p-value of 0.02). CONCLUSION: The transparent semipermeable dressing is effective in reducing surgical site infection rate in clean and clean-contaminated operations.

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