scholarly journals Implications of Interfacial Energetics on the Tack/Debonding of Single and Hybrid Pressure Sensitive Adhesives

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 546-555
Author(s):  
Okpe Bernard Okechukwu ◽  
Chukwuneke Jeremiah Lekwuwa ◽  
Omenyi Sam Nna
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Work Of Adhesion ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Acrylic Epoxy ◽  
Interfacial Energetics

This paper present the implications of interfacial energetics on the tack/debonding of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA). The materials used include acrylic, pvc-abro, polyurethane and epoxy by single and hybrid combinations. Mild steel plate of 130mm x 130mm with 1.2mm thickness was used as a substrate. The contact angle was measured on surfaces of PSA and the substrate using OWK and Wu models. The force required to debond the PSA from the substrate (the tack) was measured with a universal testing machine. The results gave the maximum deflections as 4.9074 x10-4 N/mm2 and tack as 3.35769 x10-5 N/m for single PSA of Epoxy are higher than those for Acrylic, Pvc-Abro and Polyurethane PSAs materials. However, with Acrylic/Epoxy and Epoxy/ Pvc Abro hybrids, higher tack forces of 3 x10-5 mJ and 2.725 x 10-5mJ with corresponding higher values of 2.28225 x10-4N/mm2 and 1.61243 x10-4N/mm2 maximum deflections were obtained. These results showed that epoxy is better from tack force. The results clearly show that all the properties – surface free energy, work of adhesion, and tack are higher for hybrid PSA than for the single PSAs ranging from 1.5% to up to 80% difference. It was observed that as the angle of contact increased, the work of adhesion and cohesion increased. The results of this work can find application in dentistry in dentin/adhesive interface and hybridization of dental hard tissues with modified adhesive systems. Applications can also be found in carpentry, in polymer composites for automobile bodies and ceramics.

scholarly journals Shear Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Materials used for Bonding Orthodontic Brackets : A Comparative in vitro Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Muzin Shahi Shaik ◽  
Snigdha Pattanaik ◽  
Sudhakar Pathuri ◽  
Arunachalam Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Test Group ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Adhesive Materials

Introduction: Bond strength is an important property and determines the amount of force delivered and treatment duration in orthodontics. Many light-cured bonding materials are being used; but it is required to determine the most efficient one withdesired bond strength. Objective: To determine and compare the shear bond strength of three visible light-cured composites (Transbond XT, Heliositand Enlight) and two self-cured composites (Rely-a-bond and Concise). Materials & Method: 100 extracted premolars were collected and randomly divided into 5 test groups of different adhesives. Brackets were bonded to the teeth in each test group with the respective adhesive according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each specimen was debonded using Universal Testing Machine and the shear bond strength for each specimen was calculated. All the groups were compared by ANOVA one-way test. Results: There were statistically significant differences among the five groups (P<0.05). The shear bond strength of Enlight (13.92 ± 3.92) is similar to Transbond XT (14.30 ± 4.35). Conclusion: Light cure composites showed higher bond strength than self cure composites.

scholarly journals Bond strength to dentin of total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Alves dos SANTOS ◽  
Eliane Alves de LIMA ◽  
Mônica Maria de Albuquerque PONTES ◽  
Alexandre Batista Lopes do NASCIMENTO ◽  
Marcos Antônio Japiassú Resende MONTES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Diamond Disc ◽  
Self Etch

OBJECTIVE: To assess the bond strength to dentin of the Single Bond (3M ESPE) and XP Bond (Dentsply) total-etch and Adper SE Plus (3M ESPE) self-etch adhesive systems. METHODS: Fifteen healthy human third molars were randomly allocated across three different groups of five teeth each according to the adhesive system. The occlusal portion of each tooth was removed under refrigeration using a flexible diamond disc (EXTEC, Enfield, CT, USA) down to an area of dentin that did not reveal enamel, as confirmed under a 40X stereo microscope (Ramsor, São Paulo, Brazil). A standardized smear layer was created with #600 grit silicon-carbide paper. The adhesive systems were applied as per manufacturer recommendations, with the exception of the Adper SE Plus system, which was triple-polymerized. Composite resin blocks (5 mm) were placed on the dentin surface. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37ºC. Using a flexible diamond disc (EXTEC, Enfield, CT, USA), toothpick-like specimens with an adhesive area of less than 1 mm² were obtained. A microtensile bond test was then carried out using a universal testing machine (KRATOS) with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test were used for comparisons. RESULTS: The bond strength values obtained with each adhesive system were as follows: XP Bond, 96.24 MPa; Adper Single Bond, 72.39 MPa; Adper SE Plus, 49.91 MPa. CONCLUSION: In terms of bond strength to dentin, conventional adhesives outperform self-etching systems.

Failure Investigation of Tubular Adhesive Dissimilar Joint

2015 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
M. Faizi ◽  
W.M. Syafiq ◽  
M. Afendi ◽  
N.G. Chuen ◽  
Abu Bakar Shahriman
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Joint ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Failure Investigation ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Shear Joint ◽  
Materials Used

Automotive industries are looking for new implementation to deliver a good finishing product to their customer. By using adhesive material, joining against two steel can replace normal technique which is welding process. However, the strength produced by this method must be investigated. The failure investigation of ductile adhesive intended for use in automotive tubular frame chassis has been assessed using simple tubular lap shear joint. There are two different overlap lengths of tubular adhesive joint considered in this test, i.e., 15 mm and 45 mm. The materials used for the adherents were stainless steel and mild steel, while adhesive used in the experiments was Araldite Standard 90 minutes epoxy resin. Tensile test by utilizing universal testing machine (UTM) was carried out to determine the shear strength of the adhesive joint in different overlap length. Fatigue tests were also conducted. From the results it is found that longer overlap length of the adhesive is preferable for use in automotive tubular frame chassis due to higher failure load it can withstand and better fatigue life.

Adhesion of Triblock Copolymer-Based Thermoreversible Gels and Pressure Sensitive Adhesives

2000 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Shull ◽  
Alfred J. Crosby ◽  
Cynthia M. Flanigan
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Work Of Adhesion ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Surface Development ◽  
Thermoreversible Gels

ABSTRACTTriblock copolymers with poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) end blocks and a poly (n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) midblock have been synthesized as model pressure sensitive adhesives and thermoreversible gels. These materials dissolve in a variety of alcohols at temperatures above 60 °C to form freely flowing liquids. At lower temperatures the PMMA end-blocks associate so that the solutions form ideally elastic solids. In our case the solvent is 2-ethylhexanol, polymer volume fractions vary from 0.05 to 0.3, and the elastic moduli are close to 10,000 Pa. We have conducted three types of experiments to elucidate the origins of adhesion and bulk mechanical properties of these materials: 1) Weakly adhering gels: The adhesive properties of the gels are dominated by the solvent. Very little adhesion hysteresis is observed in this case, although we do observe hysteresis associated with the frictional response of the layers. 2) Strongly adhering gels. By heating the gels in contact with a PMMA surface, it is possible to bond the gels to the surface. Development of adhesion as the PMMA blocks penetrate into the PMMA substrate can be probed in this case. The cohesive strengths of the gels are found to be substantially greater than their elastic moduli, so that these materials can be reversibly extended to very high strains. These properties have enabled us to probe the origins of elastic shape instabilities that play a very important role in the behavior of thin adhesive layers. 3) Dried gels – model pressure sensitive adhesives. By removing the solvent at low temperatures, the underlying structure of the gel is preserved, giving a thin elastic layer with excellent performance as a pressure sensitive adhesive. Resistance to adhesive failure, expressed as a velocity-dependent fracture energy, greatly exceeds the thermodynamic work of adhesion. This energy is further magnified by ‘bulk’ energy dissipation when the stress applied to the adhesive layer exceeds its yield stress.

scholarly journals Influence of adhesive system and bevel preparation on fracture strength of teeth restored with composite resin

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Herrmann Coelho-de-Souza ◽  
Analice da Cunha Rocha ◽  
Alessandro Rubini ◽  
Celso Afonso Klein-Júnior ◽  
Flávio Fernando Demarco
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Butt Joint ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Universal Testing

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture strength of teeth with different cavosurface margin cavity preparations and restored with composite resin and different adhesive systems. Eighty premolars were randomly divided in 8 groups, as follow: G1- sound teeth; G2- MOD preparation (no restoration); G3- Adper Single Bond without bevel preparation (butt joint); G4- Adper Single Bond with bevel preparation; G5- Adper Single Bond with chamfer preparation; G6- Clearfil SE Bond without bevel (butt joint); G7- Clearfil SE Bond with bevel preparation; G8- Clearfil SE Bond with chamfer preparation. The adhesive systems were applied according to manufacturers’ instructions. Composite resin (Filtek Z250) was incrementally placed in all cavities. After 24 h, the specimens were tested in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (fracture strength) and Fisher’s exact test (fracture pattern). The confidence level was set at 95% for all tests. Prepared and non-restored teeth showed the worst performance and G4 exhibited the highest fracture strength among all groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, all restorative treatments were able to recover the fracture strength of non-restored teeth to levels similar to those of sound teeth. Using a total-etch adhesive system with bevel preparation significantly improved the resistance to fracture.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mouthwash Containing Alcohol on Flexural Strength of Polymethylmethacrylate and Thermoplastic Nylon

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Eva Riani ◽  
Octarina Octarina
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Test Result

Introduction: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and thermoplastic nylon are materials used for making denture bases. Denture users use various methods in order to keep clean their denture. Mouthwash can be an option for cleaning dentures because it is easier to find. Objective: The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of mouthwash containing alcohol as a denture cleanser on flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate and thermoplastic nylon. Methods: Eighteen samples of polymethylmethacrylate and eighteen samples of thermoplastic nylon with a bar shape (65x10x3 mm) are being used in this research. Each materials are randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6) so there will be six research groups incuded : (A1) PMMA immersed aquades, (A2) PMMA immersed in mouthwash containing alcohol 21.6%, (A3) PMMA immersed in mouthwash containing alcohol 9%, (B1) thermoplastic nylon immersed in aquades, (B2) thermoplastic nylon immersed in mouthwash containing alcohol 21.6%, (B3) thermoplastic nylon immersed in mouthwash containing alcohol 9%. Flexural strength of two materials was tested using universal testing machine (Shimadzu AGS - 5KNX, Japan). All of the data obtained were analyzed using two way Anova test. Result: The mean of flexural strength for group A1 (104.275 ± 15.469 MPa), A2 (103.298 ± 10.387 MPa), A3 (111.626 ± 14.957 MPa), B1 (42.707 ± 4.857 MPa), B2 (38.258 ± 3.246 MPa), and B3 (40.218 ± 1.542 MPa). Result of analysis showed that there was a significant differences between flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate and thermoplastic nylon (p<0,05), but immersion in mouthwash containing  alcohol showed no significant difference (p>0,05). Conclusion: This research found that flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate higher than flexural strength of thermoplastic nylon and mouthwash containing alcohol can be an alternative for cleaning a denture because it does not affect the flexural strength of both material significantly.

scholarly journals Do Products Preventing Demineralization Around Orthodontic Brackets Affect Adhesive Bond Strength?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1029-1035
Author(s):  
Bennett T. Amaechi ◽  
Kaveh Najibfard ◽  
Irene P. Chedjieu ◽  
Hariyali Kasundra ◽  
Linda O. Okoye
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Adhesive Bond ◽  
Orthodontic Brackets ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Lesion Formation ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Priming Enamel ◽  
Resin Sealant

Objective: This study investigated the effects, on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, of using an antimicrobial selenium-containing sealant (DenteShieldTM) to serve dual functions of priming enamel prior to bonding and as a protective barrier against whitespot lesion formation. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 extracted human premolars were randomly assigned into 10 groups (n=15/group). Stainless steel brackets were bonded with two adhesive systems (DenteShieldTM or Transbond XT) after the enamel was conditioned with a primer (DenteShieldTM or Assure Universal) or a filled resin sealant (DenteShieldTM, Pro SealTM or Opal SealTM). The specimens were stored in deionized water at 37 °C for 24 hours and debonded with a universal testing machine. Results: The use of DenteShieldTM adhesive to bond orthodontic brackets to the enamel surface resulted in a significantly lower (P<0.05), but clinically acceptable, shear bond strength (mean & SD: 14.5±1.6 MPa) as compared with Transbond XT group (mean & SD: 19.3±1.7 MPa). DenteShieldTM sealant used as primer resulted in shear bond strength values comparable to those of Pro SealTM and Opal SealTM. All adhesive-sealant and primer-sealant combinations tested in this study exhibited shear bond strength values greater than 9.6 MPa, sufficient for clinical orthodontic needs. Conclusion: DenteShieldTM sealant can serve as primer as well as anti-demineralization sealant during orthodontic treatment without adversely affecting the shear bond strength of the bracket.

scholarly journals Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems with Different Solvents to Dry and Wet Dentin

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Câmara Barcellos ◽  
Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres ◽  
Melissa Aline da Silva ◽  
Patrícia Maria Rangel ◽  
Clovis Pagani
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Microtensile Test ◽  
Adhesive Factor

ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluates bond strength between dentin and composite using adhesives with different solvents to dry and wet dentin. Materials and methods Ninety bovine incisors were used; the vestibular surfaces were worn by the exposure of an area with a diameter of 4 mm of dentin. The specimens were divided into 6 groups, according to the type of adhesive used and hydratation stals: Group SB-wet: Single Bond 2 in wet dentin, Group SBdry: Single Bond 2 in dry dentin, Group SL-wet: Solobond M in wet dentin, Group SL-dry: Solobond M in dentin dry. Group XPwet: XP Bond in wet dentin, Group XP-dry: XP Bond in dentin dry. They were cut to obtain specimens in the shape of stick with 1 × 1 mm and subjected to microtensile test in universal testing machine with a cross speed of 1mm/min. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's tests (5%). Results ANOVA showed significant differences for surface treatment and interaction, but no difference was found for adhesive factor. The Tukey's test showed that the samples with wet dentin shown higher values of bond strength. Conclusion The adhesive did not influence in the bond strength. The groups with wet dentin showed higher values of bond strength than groups with dry dentin. How to cite this article Silva MA, Rangel PM, Barcellos DC, Pagani C, Torres CRG. Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems with Different Solvents to Dry and Wet Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):9-13.

Adhesion of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives with Applications in Transdermal Drug Delivery

2000 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc B. Taub ◽  
Reinhold H. Dauskardt
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Strain Energy Release ◽  
Work Of Adhesion ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Beam Sample

AbstractThe development and implementation of successful transdermal devices for drug delivery requires an understanding of the adhesion occurring between the device and the soft dermal layer. This study utilizes a mechanics approach to quantify the adhesive properties of representative pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) used as the adhesive layer in these systems. Debonding of PSAs is accompanied by cavitation in the PSA and the formation of an extensive cohesive zone behind the debond tip. The presence of such large-scale bridging provides significant energy dissipation and increased resistance to delamination. The strain energy release rate (G) during debonding of a cantilever-beam sample, containing at its midline a thin layer of PSA, was utilized to quantify the adhesion of the PSA. The analysis accounts for both the work of adhesion as well as the viscoelastic constitutive behavior of the soft adhesive layer. Effects of strain rate, physiological environment, and permeation-enhancement additions are considered. The resistance of human stratum corneum to debonding between corneocyte layers is also presented, as knowledge of this parameter is essential for developing techniques to test the fracture resistance of the PSA-stratum corneum interface present in the clinical use of these transdermal devices.

scholarly journals Shear Bond Strength of Ormocer-Based Restorative Material Using Specific and Nonspecific Adhesive Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. Hamouda ◽  
Salah H. Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Cohesive Failure ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Tooth Surfaces

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of ormocer-based restorative material bonded to tooth structure using specific ormocer and nonspecific resin-based adhesives. Human molars were prepared to obtain flat buccal enamel surfaces and flat occlusal dentin surfaces. Admira bond, and Prime & Bond NT, Excite, AdheSE, and Prompt-L-Pop were applied to the prepared enamel and dentin surfaces. Ormocer restorative material was inserted into a mold fixed onto the prepared tooth surfaces. The restorative material was applied and cured. The shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. The highest bond strength was recorded for Admira bond. The non-specific adhesives (AdheSE and Prompt-L-Pop) were recorded the lowest bond strength. Etch & Rinse (Prime & Bond NT and Excite) adhesives were recorded an intermediate values. Admira bond usually showed cohesive failure in the material with enamel and cohesive and mixed failure with the dentin. Etch & Rinse adhesives showed mixed failure with the enamel and, mixed and adhesive failures with the dentin. Self-etching adhesives commonly exhibited adhesive mode of failure. So, Etch & Rinse, non-specific bonding agents can be used with Admira ormocer-based restorative material when the specific adhesive is depleted.

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