Impact of BCG Vaccination Status on Sputum Conversion Rate in New Sputum Positive cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background-Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease primarily affects lungs so it known as Pulmonary TB and other tissues of the body which is known as Extra-pulmonary TB. The vast majority of TB deaths are in the developing world left untreated, Tuberculosis is treatable with a course of antibiotics. The most successful strategy to treat TB patients is DOTS. Material and Method: This is a Prospective Longitudinal study conducted among the patients attending DOTS center of DTC located at S.G.M.H. campus Rewa for the Treatment provided under of a definitive time period ( as per RNTCP, last quarter of 2014) from 1st Oct to 31st Dec 2014. Aim & Objective: 1. To observe the sputum conversion rate of study population. 2. To find out the outcome of treatment. Result: 69.92%were pulmonary tuberculosis and 30.07% was Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and sputum conversion rate of Pulmonary TB cases at the end of IP in new sputum smear positive cases was 96.66% but at the end of 5 month it was 100%. In retreatment cases Sputum Conversion rate at the end of IP was 89.28% and at the end of 5 month 92.85%.and overall treatment success rate were 90.97%. Conclusion: At the end of treatment as per DOTS schedules sputum smear examination is mandatory to know the exact treatment cure rate. Key words: Pulmonary, Extra-Pulmonary, Sputum Conversion, cured, Treatment completed, Defaulter etc.

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Baseline Characteristics of Patients and the Effect of Fixed-Dose Combination Chemotherapy on Sputum Conversion Time in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Preliminary Study in Kandy District, Sri Lanka

SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS ◽

10.3126/saarctb.v5i1.3076 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

KAS Jayawardena ◽

M Samarathunga

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Conversion Rate ◽

Fixed Dose Combination ◽

Fixed Dose ◽

Heavy Smoking ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Sputum Conversion ◽

Dose Combination ◽

Conversion Time

Main Objective: To evaluate the effect of Fixed-Dose Combination (FDC) drugs on sputum conversion time in active tuberculosis. Method: A prospective study of 58 active pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Kandy District Sri Lanka. Results: The mean sputum conversion time was 3.836 weeks (SD 2.599) and the median was 4.00 weeks. The sputum conversion rate at the end of 8 weeks was 96.36%. Initial bacillary load indicated by sputum smear grading was highly correlated with sputum conversion time (r = 0.531 P = 0.000). Gender was associated with sputum conversion time. Women had significantly shorter sputum conversion time. (T value =2.23, P = 0.03, Df = 48). Heavy smoking was associated with delayed sputum conversion in male patients (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Use of FDC in active pulmonary tuberculosis yields high sputum conversion rate with a mean sputum conversion time of 3.4 weeks. Faster sputum conversion among women may be attributed to their stronger genetic constitution and healthy lifestyles. Heavy smoking is associated with delayed sputum conversion. Key words: FDC Drugs; sputum conversion time; pulmonary tuberculosis; Sri Lanka DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v5i1.3076 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2008 Vol.5(1) 1-6

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Sputum Conversion Rate And Defaulter Pattern Among Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Three Years Of Dots Regimen At The University Of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu

Tropical Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.4314/tjmr.v10i2.30497 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

AN Ifebunandu ◽

BAN Nwakoby ◽

MC Nwosu

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Conversion Rate ◽

Sputum Conversion ◽

Nigeria Teaching Hospital ◽

The University

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Influence of diabetes mellitus on sputum conversion rate in pulmonary tuberculosis and on antituberculous drug resistance

10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2972 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Belma Paralija ◽

Aida Mujakovic

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Conversion Rate ◽

Antituberculous Drug ◽

Sputum Conversion

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Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination status in TB-exposed children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi55.1.2015.7-12 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Fadilah Harahap ◽

Ridwan M. Daulay ◽

Muhammad Ali ◽

Wisman Dalimunthe ◽

Rini Savitri Daulay

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Household Contact ◽

Mantoux Test ◽

Skin Tests ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Test Results ◽

Time Duration ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Bcg Vaccination

Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection is highly prevalent in Indonesia. The source of transmission of TB to a child is usually via an adult with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The Mantoux test is a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis infection. The BCG vaccine has been used for the prevention of TB, but its efficacy is still debated. Objective To assess for an association between Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination in children who had contact with adult pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess for differences in Mantoux test induration with regards to nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and time duration since BCG vaccination in BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in FebruaryMarch 2011 on infants and children (aged 3 months to five years), who had household contact with adult pulmonary TB. We performed tuberculin (Mantoux) skin tests to detect TB infection in the children. Subjects were consisted of two groups: BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated. Results Subjects were 100 children (50 BCG-vaccinated and 50 BCG-unvaccinated subjects). Positive Mantoux test results were observed in 9 vaccinated subjects and 33 unvaccinated subjects. The mean diameters of induration in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were 7.6 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively (95%CI of difference -4.25 to 0.20; P=0.074). In children who had household contact with sputum smear-positive adult pulmonary TB, BCG vaccination was a protective factor against TB infection, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.113 (95%CI 0.045 to 0.286; P=0.0001). There were no significant differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and duration since BCG vaccination, between the two groups. Conclusion BCG vaccination has a protective effect on TBexposed children, based on Mantoux test results. However, there are no differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, or duration since BCG vaccination, between the BCG-vaccinated and BCGunvaccinated groups.

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Factors Influencing Sputum Conversion among Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Morocco

ISRN Pulmonology ◽

10.1155/2013/486507 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Khalid Bouti ◽

Mohammed Aharmim ◽

Karima Marc ◽

Mouna Soualhi ◽

Rachida Zahraoui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Stepwise Regression ◽

Control Measures ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Infection Control Measures ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Sputum Conversion ◽

A Prospective Study

Background. Sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients expel infectious viable bacilli for a period following the commencement of treatment. Objective. To determine the time to sputum smear conversion and study the factors influencing it. Design. A prospective study was undertaken at our hospital in Rabat over a six-month period on a cohort of 119 sputum smear positive patients. Patients were followed up fortnightly. At each followup, specimens were collected and processed for microscopy using standard protocol. Results. 96.6% of our patients completed the study (4 deaths). Sputum conversion rate was 42% after two weeks, 73% after one month, and 95% after two months. Univariate and stepwise regression analysis showed that patients who had high smear grading, miliary, and bilateral radiologic lesions were more likely to undergo delayed sputum conversion (P<0.05). Other factors were thought to influence sputum conversion but were not statistically proven in our study. Conclusion. Since viable bacilli continue to be expelled for up to two months, infection control measures should be maintained for such a time. Patients with high smear grading, miliary, and bilateral radiologic lesions need to be monitored more closely.

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Factors Influencing Sputum Smear and Culture Conversion Time among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Nepal Medical Journal ◽

10.37080/nmj.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (01) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Pushpa Man Shrestha ◽

Minani Gurung ◽

Nabin Kumar Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ◽

Sedimentation Rate ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽

Sputum Conversion ◽

Conversion Time ◽

Index Value ◽

Culture Conversion

Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection that involves the lungs and it may spread to other organs. Sputum smear and culture conversion are important indicators for the effectiveness of treatment and the infectivity of the patient. The present study aims to find sputum smear and culture conversion time and the factors that influence the conversion time among tuberculosis patients at National Tuberculosis Centre in Nepal. Methods: A total of 54 patients, who were diagnosed with laboratory confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and under antitubercular therapy were monitored for sputum smear and culture conversion time. The blood specimens from each patient were processed for hemoglobin, platelets, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and blood glucose levels. Patient’s clinical history, risk factors that prolong conversion time and sociodemographic information were also collected by direct interview. Results: The mean sputum smear and culture conversion were found to be 54.4 days and 45.5 days respectively. Old age, smoking habit, low body mass index value, Treatment category II, initial bacillary load and abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were found to be associated with long sputum conversion time. Radiographic involvement of only left lungs, presence of fewer symptoms, aged between 15-45 years, having normal weight, without smoking habit and being married, were found to be associated with short sputum conversion time. Conclusions: The sputum microscopy, old age, smoking habit, low body mass index value, treatment category II, initial bacillary load and abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rate value had been found to be significantly associated with long sputum conversion time.

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