The impact of the COVID-19 infection epidemic on the provision of health care for people living with HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 3_2021 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Ladnaia N.N. Ladnaia ◽  
Kozyrina N.V. Kozyrina ◽  
Babikhina K.A. Babikhina ◽  
Mikhailov A.V. Mikhailov ◽  
Egorova N.V. Egorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Consequences of COVID-19 crisis for persons with HIV: the impact of social determinants of health

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristie C. Waterfield ◽  
Gulzar H. Shah ◽  
Gina D. Etheredge ◽  
Osaremhen Ikhile
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background With the indiscriminate spread of COVID-19 globally, many populations are experiencing negative consequences such as job loss, food insecurity, and inability to manage existing medical conditions and maintain preventive measures such as social distancing and personal preventative equipment. Some of the most disadvantaged in the COVID-19 era are people living with HIV/AIDS and other autoimmune diseases. Discussion As the number of new HIV infections decrease globally, many subpopulations remain at high risk of infection due to lack of or limited access to prevention services, as well as clinical care and treatment. For persons living with HIV or at higher risk of contracting HIV, including persons who inject drugs or men that have sex with men, the risk of COVID-19 infection increases if they have certain comorbidities, are older than 60 years of age, and are homeless, orphaned, or vulnerable children. The risk of COVID-19 is also more significant for those that live in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, rural, and/or poverty-stricken areas. An additional concern for those living the HIV is the double stigma that may arise if they also test positive for COVID-19. As public health and health care workers try to tackle the needs of the populations that they serve, they are beginning to realize the need for a change in the infrastructure that will include more efficient partnerships between public health, health care, and HIV programs. Conclusion Persons living with HIV that also have other underlying comorbidities are a great disadvantage from the negative consequences of COVID-19. For those that may test positive for both HIV and COVID-19, the increased psychosocial burdens stemming from stress and isolation, as well as, experiencing additional barriers that inhibit access to care, may cause them to become more disenfranchised. Thus, it becomes very important during the current pandemic for these challenges and barriers to be addressed so that these persons living with HIV can maintain continuity of care, as well as, their social and mental support systems.

scholarly journals ANTIRETROVIRAL SIDE EFFECT ON ADHERENCE IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV AIDS AT DR. KARIADI GENERAL REFFERAL HOSPITAL SEMARANG CENTRAL JAVA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede Arya Bagus Arisudhana ◽  
Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro ◽  
Untung Sujianto
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Drug Adherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy is a lifelong treatment in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Adherence is the key to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. ARV have side effects that may affect patient adherence.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of ARV side effects on drug adherence in PLWHA.Methods: This study used cross-sectional approach. Sample size in this study was 78 consist of people who were recruited by purposive sampling. These subjects received ARV therapy in Tropical Disease and Infection Polyclinic at General Hospital of Dr. Kariadi SemarangResult : Result showed that eta2 is 0,525625. It means that ARV side effect has impact on ARV adherence. Most of the side effects reported by the respondents were nausea and dizziness. Some respondents also reported experiencing weakness, difficult to concentrate, and diarrhea. Conclusion : Side effects have impact on patient’s ARV therapy adherence. Therefore health care provider for PLWHA should be able to recognize and concern on ARV side effect management. 

scholarly journals Adding a Physical Therapist to the Health Care Team in an HIV Clinic Increases Physical Therapy Referrals and Reduces Opioid Prescriptions Provided for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Patients Living With HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinoja Sebanayagam ◽  
Nichole Chakur ◽  
Nana Ama Baffoe ◽  
Brian Reed ◽  
Jarrett Weinberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Care Team ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is common in people living with HIV (PLWH). Health care providers sometimes prescribe opioids to control pain, which may lead to opioid misuse. An interdisciplinary approach that includes physical therapy has been successful in managing MSK pain in various health care settings. Therefore, we sought to find the impact of recruiting a physical therapist (PT) on the number of opioid prescriptions and physical therapy referrals made by physicians in training to manage MSK pain in PLWH. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients seen by Internal Medicine physicians in training in an HIV clinic in Detroit before (2017) and after (2018) recruiting a PT to the health care team and collected demographic and clinical data. We also surveyed the trainees to assess how the PT addition influenced their learning. Institutional review board waiver was obtained. Results Results showed that of all PLWH seen at the clinic, 28/249 (11%) and 37/178 (21%) had chronic MSK pain in the 2017 and 2018 data sets, respectively. In 2017, all 28 patients with MSK pain were prescribed opioids. This decreased in 2018 after the PT addition (10/37 patients; P < .0001). The number of physical therapy referrals significantly increased after the PT addition (2017: 5/28 patients; 2018: 17/37 patients; P = .03). Trainees felt that the PT helped improve their examination skills and develop a treatment plan for patients. Conclusions The addition of a PT encouraged physicians in training to utilize nonopioid management of MSK pain in PLWH and enhanced their learning experience, as perceived by the trainees.

scholarly journals Substance Use Among Older People Living With HIV: Challenges for Health Care Providers

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Deren ◽  
Tara Cortes ◽  
Victoria Vaughan Dickson ◽  
Vincent Guilamo-Ramos ◽  
Benjamin H. Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Free access to antiretroviral treatment and protection against the risk of catastrophic health expenditure in people living with HIV: evidence from Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwân-al-Qays Bousmah ◽  
Marie Libérée Nishimwe ◽  
Christopher Kuaban ◽  
Sylvie Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Free Access ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Art Policy ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background To foster access to care and reduce the burden of health expenditures on people living with HIV (PLHIV), several sub-Saharan African countries, including Cameroon, have adopted a policy of removing HIV-related fees, especially for antiretroviral treatment (ART). We investigate the impact of Cameroon’s free antiretroviral treatment (ART) policy, enacted in May 2007, on catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) risk according to socioeconomic status, in PLHIV enrolled in the country’s treatment access program. Methods Based on primary data from two cross-sectional surveys of PLHIV outpatients in 2006–2007 and 2014 (i.e., before and after the policy’s implementation, respectively), we used inverse propensity score weighting to reduce covariate imbalances between participants in both surveys, combined with probit regressions of CHE incidence. The analysis included participants treated with ART in one of the 11 HIV services common to both surveys (n = 1275). Results The free ART policy was associated with a significantly lower risk of CHE only in the poorest PLHIV while no significant effect was found in lower-middle or upper socioeconomic status PLHIV. Unexpectedly, the risk of CHE was higher in those with middle socioeconomic status after the policy’s implementation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Cameroon’s free ART policy is pro-poor. As it only benefitted PLHIV with the lowest socioeconomic status, increased comprehensive HIV care coverage is needed to substantially reduce the risk of CHE and the associated risk of impoverishment for all PLHIV.

scholarly journals Vaccine responses in ageing and chronic viral infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Rees-Spear ◽  
Laura E McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Immunological Changes ◽  
Cellular Responsiveness ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Lay Summary Improved life expectancy in recent years has led to a growing population of adults over the age of 60. Age is commonly associated with increased inflammatory conditions and infections. Similar immunological changes have been observed during chronic infections, in particular HIV, where this is compounded by the success of antiretroviral therapy that has increased the number of people living with HIV into their sixties and beyond. The increased susceptibility of these groups to infection makes vaccination all the more important. However, the alterations to their immune systems call into question how effective those vaccinations may be. Here we discuss vaccine efficacy within elderly and chronically infected populations and investigate the immunological changes that may impact vaccine responsiveness. Over the last few decades, changing population demographics have shown that there is a growing number of individuals living past the age of 60. With this expanding older population comes an increase in individuals that are more susceptible to chronic illness and disease. An important part of maintaining health in this population is through prophylactic vaccination, however, there is growing evidence that vaccines may be less effective in the elderly. Furthermore, with the success of anti-viral therapies, chronic infections such as HIV are becoming increasingly prevalent in older populations and present a relatively unstudied population with respect to the efficacy of vaccination. Here we will examine the evidence for age-associated reduction in antibody and cellular responsiveness to a variety of common vaccines, and investigate the underlying causes attributed to this phenomenon, such as inflammation and senescence. We will also discuss the impact of chronic viral infections on immune responses in both young and elderly patients, particularly those living with HIV, and how this affects vaccinations in these populations.

scholarly journals Stigma, gay men and biomedical prevention: the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly changing HIV prevention landscape

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Brown ◽  
William Leonard ◽  
Anthony Lyons ◽  
Jennifer Power ◽  
Dirk Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Improvements in biomedical technologies, combined with changing social attitudes to sexual minorities, provide new opportunities for HIV prevention among gay and other men who have sex with men (GMSM). The potential of these new biomedical technologies (biotechnologies) to reduce HIV transmission and the impact of HIV among GMSM will depend, in part, on the degree to which they challenge prejudicial attitudes, practices and stigma directed against gay men and people living with HIV (PLHIV). At the structural level, stigma regarding gay men and HIV can influence the scale-up of new biotechnologies and negatively affect GMSM’s access to and use of these technologies. At the personal level, stigma can affect individual gay men’s sense of value and confidence as they negotiate serodiscordant relationships or access services. This paper argues that maximising the benefits of new biomedical technologies depends on reducing stigma directed at sexual minorities and people living with HIV and promoting positive social changes towards and within GMSM communities. HIV research, policy and programs will need to invest in: (1) responding to structural and institutional stigma; (2) health promotion and health services that recognise and work to address the impact of stigma on GMSM’s incorporation of new HIV prevention biotechnologies; (3) enhanced mobilisation and participation of GMSM and PLHIV in new approaches to HIV prevention; and (4) expanded approaches to research and evaluation in stigma reduction and its relationship with HIV prevention. The HIV response must become bolder in resourcing, designing and evaluating programs that interact with and influence stigma at multiple levels, including structural-level stigma.

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