STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF TWO TYPES OF FIRE RETARDANTS ON THE FLAMMABILITY OF EPOXY RESIN SAMPLES

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
S.L. Barbotko ◽  
◽  
M.M. Bochenkov ◽  
O.S. Volnyj ◽  
O.P. Korobeinichev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Organophosphorus Compound ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Fire Retardants ◽  
Epoxy Composition ◽  
Flammability Characteristics ◽  
Ul 94

Studies have been carried out to assess the effectiveness of fire retardants on the flammability of an epoxy composition – graphene and an organophosphorus compound DOPO-THPO. The concentrations of the added flame retardants were 2 and 4 % (mass). Flammability characteristics were determined using the method according to GOST 28157 (UL 94) with vertical and horizontal samples. It was found that the introduction of fire retardants reduces the flammability of the epoxy composition, but the introduction of even 4 % was insufficient to ensure self-extinguishing of the epoxy composition during vertical testing.

scholarly journals Preparation of Intercalated Organic Montmorillonite DOPO-MMT by Melting Method and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy to Epoxy Resin

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3496
Author(s):  
Junming Geng ◽  
Jianyu Qin ◽  
Jiyu He
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Melting Method ◽  
Organic Montmorillonite ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

An intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT was prepared through the melting method using 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as a modifier. Epoxy resin (EP) composites were prepared with DOPO-MMT, DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixtures of DOPO+MMT as flame retardants. The microstructure of the flame retardants and EP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The flame retardant properties, thermal stability, and residual char structure of the EPs were studied by the limited oxygen index (LOI) test, the UL-94 vertical burning test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test, the cone calorimeter (CONE) test as well as other characterization methods. The results showed that the intercalated organic montmorillonite DOPO-MMT can be successfully prepared by the melting method and that the MMT is evenly dispersed in the EP/DOPO-MMT composite in the form of nanosheets. The EP/DOPO-MMT nanocomposites showed the optimal flame retardancy (LOI, UL-94, PHRR, etc.) among the EPs with DOPO, MMT, and the physical mixture of DOPO+MMT. The flame-retardant grade of the material reached V-0.

scholarly journals Effective Biobased Phosphorus Flame Retardants from Starch-Derived bis-2,5-(Hydroxymethyl)Furan

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob A. Howell ◽  
Xiaorui Han
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Michael Addition ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Tetrabromobisphenol A ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Ul 94

A series of biobased phosphorus flame retardants has been prepared by converting starch-derived bis-2,5-(hydroxymethyl)furan to the corresponding diacrylate followed by Michael addition of phosphite to generate derivatives with phosphorus moieties attached via P–C bonds. All compounds behave as effective flame retardants in DGEBA epoxy resin. The most effective is the DOPO derivative, 2,5-di[(3-dopyl-propanoyl)methyl]furan. When incorporated into a DGEBA blend at a level to provide 2% phosphorus, a material displaying a LOI of 30, an UL 94 rating of V0 and a 40% reduction in combustion peak heat release rate compared to that for resin containing no additive is obtained. The analogous compounds generated from bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A exhibit similar flame-retarding properties.

Two high-efficient DOPO-based phosphonamidate flame retardants for transparent epoxy resin

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peilong Wang ◽  
Xianling Fu ◽  
Yongchun Kan ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Modified Epoxy

In this work, two kinds of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-based phosphonamidate flame retardants named 4,4′-diamino-diphenyl methane (DDM)-DOPO and morpholine (MPL)-DOPO are successfully synthesized by the classic Atherton–Todd reaction, and their chemical structures are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Epoxy composites containing DDM-DOPO or MPL-DOPO are prepared, which still retain relatively high transparency compared with pure epoxy resin (EP). Its fire behavior is studied in terms of vertical burning test (UL-94), limiting oxygen index (LOI), and cone calorimeter tests. The LOI values can achieve 30% and UL-94 test past V-0 rating for DDM-DOPO-modified epoxy composites with 0.25 wt% phosphorus content. The cone calorimeter results indicate that the modified epoxy composites can release less heat and smoke compared with pure EP. Also, thermal degradation behavior and flame-retardant mechanism of epoxy composites are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry. The results indicate that two DOPO-based phosphonamidates show a significant gaseous-phase effect on reducing the release of combustible volatiles.

scholarly journals The Influence of Mixing Methods of Epoxy Composition Ingredients on Selected Mechanical Properties of Modified Epoxy Construction Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Izabela Miturska ◽  
Anna Rudawska ◽  
Miroslav Müller ◽  
Monika Hromasová
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Preliminary Heating ◽  
Epoxy Composition ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Adhesive Composition ◽  
Adhesive Compositions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Level Of Significance

The proper process of preparing an adhesive composition has a significant impact on the degree of dispersion of the composition ingredients in the matrix, as well as on the degree of aeration of the resulting composition, which in turn directly affects the strength and functional properties of the obtained adhesive compositions. The paper presents the results of tensile strength tests and SEM microphotographs of the adhesive composition of Epidian 57 epoxy resin with Z-1 curing agent, which was modified using three fillers NanoBent ZR2 montmorillonite, CaCO3 calcium carbonate and CWZ-22 active carbon. For comparison purposes, samples made of unmodified composition were also tested. The compositions were prepared with the use of six mixing methods, with variable parameters such as type of mixer arm, deaeration and epoxy resin temperature. Then, three mixing speeds were applied: 460, 1170 and 2500 rpm. The analyses of the obtained results showed that the most effective tensile results were obtained in the case of mixing with the use of a dispersing disc mixer with preliminary heating of the epoxy resin to 50 °C and deaeration of the composition during mixing. The highest tensile strength of adhesive compositions was obtained at the highest mixing speed; however, the best repeatability of the results was observed at 1170 rpm mixing speed. Based on a comparison test of average values, it was observed that, in case of modified compositions, the values of average tensile strength obtained at mixing speeds at 1170 and 2500 rpm do not differ significantly with the assumed level of significance α = 0.05.

scholarly journals Flammability Characteristics of Thermally Modified Meranti Wood Treated with Natural and Synthetic Fire Retardants

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2160
Author(s):  
Milan Gaff ◽  
Hana Čekovská ◽  
Jiří Bouček ◽  
Danica Kačíková ◽  
Ivan Kubovský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burning Rate ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Flammability Characteristics ◽  
Thermally Modified Wood ◽  
Modified Wood

This paper deals with the effect of synthetic and natural flame retardants on flammability characteristics and chemical changes in thermally treated meranti wood (Shorea spp.). The basic chemical composition (extractives, lignin, holocellulose, cellulose, and hemicelluloses) was evaluated to clarify the relationships of temperature modifications (160 °C, 180 °C, and 210 °C) and incineration for 600 s. Weight loss, burning speed, the maximum burning rate, and the time to reach the maximum burning rate were evaluated. Relationships between flammable properties and chemical changes in thermally modified wood were evaluated with the Spearman correlation. The thermal modification did not confirm a positive contribution to the flammability and combustion properties of meranti wood. The effect of the synthetic retardant on all combustion properties was significantly higher compared to that of the natural retardant.

Flame Retardant Epoxy Resins Containing Microcapsules

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 1346-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fa Chao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Melamine Resin ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Ul 94

Bis(2,6,7-trioxa-l-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-4-methanol) melaminium salt (Melabis) and microcapsules of Melabis with melamine resin shell as flame retardants (FR), respectively, were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by NMR, IR, SEM, TG and element analysis. 20% weight of microcapsules was doped into epoxy resins (EP) to get 28.5 % of LOI and UL 94 V-0. The heat and smoke release of EP containing microcapsules was valued by cone calorimeter.

Novel organophosphorus flame retardants and their synergistic application in novolac epoxy resin

2018 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 190-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schmidt ◽  
Michael Ciesielski ◽  
Lara Greiner ◽  
Manfred Döring
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Organophosphorus Flame Retardants ◽  
Novolac Epoxy

scholarly journals Bioinspired iron-loaded polydopamine nanospheres as green flame retardants for epoxy resin via free radical scavenging and catalytic charring

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2529-2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Rong-Kun Jian ◽  
De-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Highly Efficient

Iron-loaded polydopamine nanospheres act as nontoxic and highly efficient flame retardants in epoxy resins via free radical scavenging and catalytic charring actions.

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