scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Small Regulatory Rnas ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that play important roles in development of diseases. Several studies have provided evidences showing that miRNAs affect pathways that are fundamental for metabolic control in adipocyte and skeletal muscle differentiations. Some miRNAs have been implicated in lipid, amino acid, and glucose homeostasis. This leads to the possibility that miRNAs may contribute to common metabolic diseases and point to novel therapeutic opportunities based on targeting of miRNAs.CONTENT: miRNAs have been recognized as a class of epigenetic regulators of metabolism and energy homeostasis, primarily because the simultaneous regulation of a large number of target genes can be accomplished by a single miRNA. Emerging evidences suggest that miRNAs play a key role in the pathological development of obesity by affecting adipocyte differentiation. miRNAs have been implicated as novel protagonists in the pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), regulation of insulin production, secretion and action. They also appear to play a role in the development of diabetic complications such as nephropathy and cardiac hypertrophy.SUMMARY: Involvement of miRNAs in glucose and lipid metabolism has provided strong evidences to confirm their roles as key players in regulation of complex metabolic pathways. Additionally, it indicates potential outlook for novel therapeutic strategies in the management of obesity, metabolic syndrome and DM. Further research in this field is needed to ascertain the full potential of miRNAs as novel metabolic biomarkers and potent therapeutic agents against obesity and its metabolic disorders.KEYWORDS: obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, miRNAs, adipogenesis, insulin, pancreatic cells

Glucocorticoid hormones and energy homeostasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roldan M. de Guia ◽  
Adam J. Rose ◽  
Stephan Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Steroid Binding

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GC) and their cognate intracellular receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), have been characterised as critical checkpoints in the endocrine control of energy homeostasis in mammals. Indeed, aberrant GC action has been linked to a variety of severe metabolic diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. As a steroid-binding member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, the GR translocates into the cell nucleus upon GC binding where it serves as a transcriptional regulator of distinct GC-responsive target genes that are – in many cases – associated with glucose and lipid regulatory pathways and thereby intricately control both physiological and pathophysiological systemic energy homeostasis. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of GC/GR function in energy metabolism and systemic metabolic dysfunction, particularly focusing on glucose and lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Delineating the Role of TRP Channels in Metabolic Disease (P10-083-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qin Tan ◽  
Lai Kwok Leung
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Abstract Objectives The objective of the present study is to elucidate the role of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels in the process of adipogenesis and diabetes mellitus, in hopes of getting more understanding of the role of TRP channels in the process as well as in hopes of discovering a novel therapeutic target against metabolic diseases. Methods The role of TRP channels in adipogenesis and diabetes mellitus was investigated by using in vivo (C57/BL6J mice) and in vitro (3T3-L1 cells). The expressions of TRP isoforms were studied by using RT-PCR and western blotting assay. TRP channels agonist and antagonist were used to study the role of TRP channels while fat accumulation in cells was visualized by Oil Red O staining. Intracellular calcium inflow was estimated by confocal microscopy. Results Among the TRP channels screened, the authors identified the differential expressions of TRPC isoforms by using in vivo model. The results were further confirmed by using western blotting analysis. The changes in expression suggested the importance of the specific isoforms in the adipogenesis process. The agonist-antagonist study illustrated that the treatment of TRPC antagonists induced the maturation process while TRPC agonist attenuated adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Conclusions The present study serves to illustrate the role of TRP channels in adipocyte biology. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that the TRPC isoforms have differential expression during the maturation process of fat. Further, the modulation of TRPC could affect the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. The understanding of TRPC channels in adipocyte biology serves as a novel therapeutic target against metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. Funding Sources The research is funded by The Chinese University of Hong Kong Direct Grant. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Metabolic disorders and gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Anna Kotrova ◽  
◽  
Alexandr Shishkin ◽  
Maria Lukashenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
New Approaches

Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome are metabolic widespread disorders that arise both under the influence of external factors (physical inactivity, high-calorie diet) and under the influence of internal factors. The latter includes the intestinal microbiota which deserves more and more attention in developing new strategies for the correction of metabolic diseases. The discovery of new approaches for the gut microbiota study (metagenomic, metabolomic) gives a new insight into the diversity and involvement of intestinal bacteria in the metabolic processes of the whole organism. This article are reviewed the mechanisms of the gut bacteria impact on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the relationship of bacteria species and their metabolites with tissue insulin sensitivity, body mass index. Special attention in the regulation of tissue insulin sensitivity is paid to the role of short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, which are metabolites of gut bacteria. Understanding the influence of human microbiota and its metabolites on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism provides the basis for the development of new approaches to the prevention and treatment of socially significant metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals The diversity of sex steroid action: regulation of metabolism by estrogen signaling

2011 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Hedengran Faulds ◽  
Chunyan Zhao ◽  
Karin Dahlman-Wright ◽  
Jan-Åke Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Glucose Sensing ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Major Increase ◽  
The Impact

The metabolic syndrome is a complex condition characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, decreased high-density lipoproteins, and hypertension associated with high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A major increase in the incidence of developing metabolic syndrome and related diseases is observed worldwide in association with a change toward a less active lifestyle and increased food consumption. Estrogen and the estrogen receptors (ERs) are well-known regulators of several aspects of metabolism, including glucose and lipid metabolism, and impaired estrogen signaling is associated with the development of metabolic diseases. This review will describe the key effects of estrogen signaling in metabolic and glucose sensing tissues, including the liver, pancreatic β cells, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. The impact on metabolic processes of impaired estrogen signaling and knock out of each ER subtype will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Psoriasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkin Zindancı ◽  
Ozlem Albayrak ◽  
Mukaddes Kavala ◽  
Emek Kocaturk ◽  
Burce Can ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Resistance ◽  
Arterial Blood

Background. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder in which proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-αincrease both locally and systematically. It is thought that chronic inflammation results in metabolic diseases and proinflammatory cytokines give rise to the development of atherogenesis, peripheral insulin resistance, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.Methods. Study consisted of 115 plaque-type psoriasis patients and 140 healthy individuals. Data including body weight, height, waist circumference, body-mass index, and arterial blood pressure were collected. Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and HDL levels were determined. International Diabetes Federation Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance were used for evaluating patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes.Results. Compared to the control group, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were found to be higher in psoriasis patients. Metabolic syndrome was increased by 3-folds in psoriasis patients and was more prevalent in women than in men. It was determined that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in psoriasis patients after the age of 40. Metabolic syndrome was not related to smoking, severity of psoriasis, and duration of disease.Conclusions. Our findings suggest that psoriasis preconditions occurrence of a group of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. For this reason, patients with psoriasis should be treated early and they should be followed with respect to metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Recognizing the Benefits of Pre-/Probiotics in Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Considering the Influence of Akkermansia muciniphila as a Key Gut Bacterium

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Raluca Anca Corb Aron ◽  
Areha Abid ◽  
Cosmin Mihai Vesa ◽  
Aurelia Cristina Nechifor ◽  
Tapan Behl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Depth Analysis

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are diseases that can be influenced by the structure of gut microbiota, whose improvement is often neglected in metabolic pathology. This review highlights the following main aspects: the relationship between probiotics/gut microbes with the pathogenesis of MetS, the particular positive roles of Akkermansia muciniphila supplementation in the onset of MetS, and the interaction between dietary polyphenols (prebiotics) with gut microbiota. Therefore, an extensive and in-depth analysis of the often-neglected correlation between gut microbiota and chronic metabolic diseases was conducted, considering that this topic continues to fascinate and stimulate researchers through the discovery of novel strains and their beneficial properties.

scholarly journals Perspectives of application of intranasally administered insulin for correction of metabolic and hormonal disorders in diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-395
Author(s):  
Alexander O. Shpakov ◽  
Kira V. Derkach ◽  
Elena V. Surkova ◽  
Alexey I. Bespalov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Carbohydrate Homeostasis ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Animal Models Of Diabetes

In recent years, the possibility of using intranasally administered insulin to treat Alzheimers disease and other cognitive disorders has been widely studied. At the same time, the possibility of its use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus is practically not investigated, which is due to the insufficient study of the molecular mechanisms of its action on the hormonal and metabolic status of the organism. The review discusses literature data and the results of our own research on the role of insulin in the central regulation of energy homeostasis, as well as on the experience of using intranasally administered insulin to correct eating disorders and metabolic and hormonal dysfunctions developing under conditions of experimental diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. In studies involving healthy volunteers, various effects of intranasally administered insulin were shown, including effects on cognitive function, eating behavior and weight loss, and the gender specificity of its action was found. In the course of numerous studies of intranasally administered insulin in animal models of diabetes mellitus, not only stabilization of carbohydrate homeostasis was shown, but also a positive effect in the form of restoration of the functional activity of insulin signaling pathways in the hypothalamus and other parts of the brain. We have presented and analyzed data on the systemic effects of intranasally administered insulin in rodents with experimental models of diabetes mellitus, as well as in healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Effects of Uric Acid on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Chronic Complications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xiong ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yancheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

With the deepening of the researches on uric acid, especially in the study of metabolic diseases, uric acid has been found to be closely related to obesity, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. Uric acid causes a series of pathophysiological changes through inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular endothelial injury, and so on and thus subsequently promotes the occurrence and development of diseases. This review confirmed the positive correlation between uric acid and diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications through the pathogenesis and clinical studies aspects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document