scholarly journals Toxicity of naphthalene in the Neotropical Fish Astyanax Lacustris (Characiformes: Characidae) and Geophagus Brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geonildo Rodrigo Disner ◽  
Sabrina Louise Moraes Calado ◽  
Helena Cristina Silva Assis ◽  
Marta Margarete Cestari
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Neotropical Fish ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Geophagus Brasiliensis ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Gst Activity

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the most important organic pollutants in environmental studies. The aim of this study was to assess the naphthalene acute toxicity in two fish species, Astyanax lacustris (LLcust, 1875) and Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). The fish were exposed to naphthalene (0.005, 0.03, 0.3, and 3 mgL-1) in water and after that the piscine micronucleus test in erythrocytes, comet assay in blood, liver and gill cells, glutathione S–transferase (GST) activity in the liver, and accumulation of naphthalene in the bile were performed. The susceptibility of the two species was similar and naphthalene was not genotoxic in all tested tissues. The liver GST activity may have been responsible for less damage observed in the liver while the highest DNA damage occurred in blood cells. However, low concentrations of naphthalene in water can stimulate apparent benefits, such as less DNA damage, which would be a compensatory response to an imbalance of homeostasis. The naphthalene is absorbed and can accumulate in the gall bladder, a greater accumulation of PAH was observed in A. lacustris, while G. brasiliensis did not differ from the control. The naphthalene concentrations are not genotoxic to the tested species, although they can potentially accumulate into the body.Keywords: Comet assay. Ecotoxicology. Fish. Genotoxicity. Hormesis.

DNA damage induced by coal dust, fly and bottom ash from coal combustion evaluated using the micronucleus test and comet assay in vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Araujo Matzenbacher ◽  
Ana Letícia Hilario Garcia ◽  
Marcela Silva dos Santos ◽  
Caroline Cardoso Nicolau ◽  
Suziane Premoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Coal Dust ◽  
Bottom Ash

scholarly journals Persistent Increased Frequency of Genomic Instability in Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer: Before, during, and after Treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz ◽  
André Luiz Pinho Sobral ◽  
Jaqueline Nascimento Picada ◽  
Ivana Grivicich ◽  
Antonio Luiz Gomes Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Buccal Cells ◽  
Oncological Treatment

This study aimed to evaluate DNA damage in patients with breast cancer before treatment (background) and after chemotherapy (QT) and radiotherapy (RT) treatment using the Comet assay in peripheral blood and the micronucleus test in buccal cells. We also evaluated repair of DNA damage after the end of RT, as well as the response of patient’s cells before treatment with an oxidizing agent (H2O2; challenge assay). Fifty women with a mammographic diagnosis negative for cancer (control group) and 100 women with a diagnosis of breast cancer (followed up during the treatment) were involved in this study. The significant DNA damage was observed by increasing in the index and frequency of damage along with the increasing of the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood and cells of the buccal mucosa, respectively. Despite the variability of the responses of breast cancer patients, the individuals presented lesions on the DNA, detected by the Comet assay and micronucleus Test, from the diagnosis until the end of the oncological treatment and were more susceptible to oxidative stress. We can conclude that the damages were due to clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects related to the neoplasia itself and that they increased, especially after RT.

Use of comet assay for the risk assessment of oil- and chemical-industry workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (47) ◽  
pp. 1872-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Megyesi ◽  
Anna Biró ◽  
László Wigmond ◽  
Jenő Major ◽  
Anna Tompa
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Microscopic Method ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Dna Strand

Introduction: The comet assay is a fluorescent microscopic method that is able to detect DNA strand-breaks even in non-proliferative cells in samples with low cell counts. Aim: The aim of the authors was to measure genotoxic DNA damage and assess oxidative DNA damage caused by occupational exposure in groups exposed to benzene, polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates and styrene at the workplace in order to clarify whether the comet assay can be used as an effect marker tool in genotoxicology monitoring. Method: In addition to the basic steps of the comet assay, one sample was treated with formamido-pirimidine-DNA-glycolase restriction-enzyme that measures oxidative DNA damage. Results: An increase was observed in tail moments in each group of untreated and Fpg-treated samples compared to the control. Conclusions: It can be concluded that occupational exposure can be detected with the method. The comet assay may prove to be an excellent effect marker and a supplementary technique for monitoring the presence or absence of genotoxic effects. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(47), 1872–1875.

Influence of the Safener Benoxacor on the Metabolism of Metolachlor in Corn

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 846-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Cottingham ◽  
K. K. Hatzios
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Polar Metabolite ◽  
Herbicide Safener ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Gst Activity ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Abstract The herbicide safener benoxacor (CGA -154281) is effective in protecting corn from meto­lachlor injury. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity of corn seedlings was stimulated by low concentrations of benoxacor as was the formation of a polar metabolite identified as the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of metolachlor. A similar degree of enhancement of metolachlor metabolism was observed in both a metolachlor-tolerant (’Cargill 7567’) and a metolachlor-susceptible (’Northrup-King 9283’) corn line. The total GSH content of shoots of the metolachlor-susceptible corn hybrid was not affected by benoxacor treatment, but an increase was noted for shoots of the tolerant corn hybrid. The two corn hybrids with differential tolerance to metolachlor also differ in their dose response to benoxacor with higher safener concentra­tions failing to induce or inhibit GST activity of the tolerant ’Cargill 7567’ corn line. Stimula­tion of GST activity and a corresponding enhanced rate of metolachlor metabolism can ac­count for the safening effect of benoxacor. These mechanism of action of dichloroacetamide safeners.

scholarly journals Comparative Genotoxicity of Cadmium and Lead in Earthworm Coelomocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ptumporn Muangphra ◽  
Ravi Gooneratne
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Binucleate Cells ◽  
Single Strand Breaks ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

To determine genotoxicity to coelomocytes,Pheretima peguanaearthworms were exposed in filter paper studies to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) for 48 h, at concentrations less than the LC10—Cd: 0.09, 0.19, 0.38, 0.75, and 1.50 μg cm−2; Pb: 1.65, 3.29, 6.58, 13.16, and 26.32 μg cm−2. For Cd at 0.75 μg cm−2, in the micronucleus test (detects chromosomal aberrations), significant increases () in micronuclei and binucleate cells were observed, and in the comet assay (detects DNA single-strand breaks), tail DNA% was significantly increased. Lead was less toxic with minimal effects on DNA, but the binucleates were significantly increased by Pb at 3.29 μg cm−2. This study shows that Cd is more acutely toxic and sublethally genotoxic than Pb toP. peguana. Cadmium caused chromosomal aberrations and DNA single-strand breaks at 45% of the LC10concentration. Lead, in contrast, did not induce DNA damage but caused cytokinesis defects.

scholarly journals Assessing DNA damage in children environmentally exposed to pesticides through using the comet assay and the micronucleus test

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kapka-Skrzypczak ◽  
M PosobkiewicM ◽  
P Holownia ◽  
J Niedzwiecka ◽  
K Sawicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Micronucleus Test

scholarly journals RESISTANCE EXERCISE PROTOCOL DOES NOT CAUSE ACUTE GENOTOXIC EFFECTS IN TRAINED INDIVIDUALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Nelson João Tagliari ◽  
Luciano de Oliveira Siqueira ◽  
Jorge Frederico Pinto Soares ◽  
Vanusa Manfredini ◽  
Victor Machado Reis
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Post Exercise

ABSTRACT Introduction: Resistance exercise, particularly strength training, has been progressively gaining more and more followers worldwide. Despite a considerable increase in the amount of research and literature available on this topic, resistance training is undergoing important developments. Anaerobic metabolism, which characterizes resistance training, enhances the ischemic process and blood reperfusion, thereby generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defenses may induce oxidative stress with subsequent protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage in several cells, and other effects. This process may be intensified at rest because the O2 deficit is counteracted by a process known as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. Objective: To analyze the effects of ROS in strength training on the DNA of human lymphocyte, biomarkers of lipid damage (TBARS) and metabolism (triglycerides, protein, glycose, albumin and urea). Methods: Comet assay involving a count of 100 cells, which were divided into five classes of damage (no damage = 0, maximum damage = 4), thereby constituting an indication of DNA damage, and the micronucleus test, where the cell samples were centrifuged at 1000-1500 RPM for ten minutes at room temperature for the micronuclei analysis. Results: An elevation in triglyceride concentrations was observed 5h post-exercise (p=0.018), probably due to nutrition. There were no significant differences in the other biochemical parameters. In terms of the DNA damage measured by the Comet assay and micronucleus test, no statistical differences were observed until 5h post-exercise. Conclusion: The proposed training session did not cause oxidative or genotoxic damage in trained individuals under the proposed conditions. Level of Evidence II; Prognostic studies-Investigation of the effect of patient characteristics on the disease outcome.

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