Assessing DNA damage in children environmentally exposed to pesticides through using the comet assay and the micronucleus test

This study aimed to evaluate DNA damage in patients with breast cancer before treatment (background) and after chemotherapy (QT) and radiotherapy (RT) treatment using the Comet assay in peripheral blood and the micronucleus test in buccal cells. We also evaluated repair of DNA damage after the end of RT, as well as the response of patient’s cells before treatment with an oxidizing agent (H2O2; challenge assay). Fifty women with a mammographic diagnosis negative for cancer (control group) and 100 women with a diagnosis of breast cancer (followed up during the treatment) were involved in this study. The significant DNA damage was observed by increasing in the index and frequency of damage along with the increasing of the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood and cells of the buccal mucosa, respectively. Despite the variability of the responses of breast cancer patients, the individuals presented lesions on the DNA, detected by the Comet assay and micronucleus Test, from the diagnosis until the end of the oncological treatment and were more susceptible to oxidative stress. We can conclude that the damages were due to clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects related to the neoplasia itself and that they increased, especially after RT.

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DNA damage and repair after exposure to sevoflurane in vivo, evaluated in Swiss albino mice by the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test

Journal of Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/bf03195714 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 79-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. Brozovic ◽

N. Orsolic ◽

R. Rozgaj ◽

V. Kasuba ◽

F. Knezevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Alkaline Comet Assay ◽

Dna Damage And Repair ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Albino Mice

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Toxicity of naphthalene in the Neotropical Fish Astyanax Lacustris (Characiformes: Characidae) and Geophagus Brasiliensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

Evidência - Ciência e Biotecnologia ◽

10.18593/eba.v17i1.12976 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 7-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Geonildo Rodrigo Disner ◽

Sabrina Louise Moraes Calado ◽

Helena Cristina Silva Assis ◽

Marta Margarete Cestari

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Neotropical Fish ◽

Compensatory Response ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Geophagus Brasiliensis ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Gst Activity

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the most important organic pollutants in environmental studies. The aim of this study was to assess the naphthalene acute toxicity in two fish species, Astyanax lacustris (LLcust, 1875) and Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). The fish were exposed to naphthalene (0.005, 0.03, 0.3, and 3 mgL-1) in water and after that the piscine micronucleus test in erythrocytes, comet assay in blood, liver and gill cells, glutathione S–transferase (GST) activity in the liver, and accumulation of naphthalene in the bile were performed. The susceptibility of the two species was similar and naphthalene was not genotoxic in all tested tissues. The liver GST activity may have been responsible for less damage observed in the liver while the highest DNA damage occurred in blood cells. However, low concentrations of naphthalene in water can stimulate apparent benefits, such as less DNA damage, which would be a compensatory response to an imbalance of homeostasis. The naphthalene is absorbed and can accumulate in the gall bladder, a greater accumulation of PAH was observed in A. lacustris, while G. brasiliensis did not differ from the control. The naphthalene concentrations are not genotoxic to the tested species, although they can potentially accumulate into the body.Keywords: Comet assay. Ecotoxicology. Fish. Genotoxicity. Hormesis.

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Use of sensitive methods for detection of DNA damage on human lymphocytes exposed to p,p′-DDT: Comet assay and new criteria for scoring micronucleus test

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B ◽

10.1080/03601230701465445 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 607-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Goran Gajski ◽

Sanda Ravlić ◽

Željka Capuder ◽

Vera Garaj-Vrhovac

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

New Criteria

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Comparative Genotoxicity of Cadmium and Lead in Earthworm Coelomocytes

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2011/218929 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ptumporn Muangphra ◽

Ravi Gooneratne

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Chromosomal Aberrations ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Single Strand ◽

Strand Breaks ◽

Binucleate Cells ◽

Single Strand Breaks ◽

Cadmium And Lead

To determine genotoxicity to coelomocytes,Pheretima peguanaearthworms were exposed in filter paper studies to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) for 48 h, at concentrations less than the LC10—Cd: 0.09, 0.19, 0.38, 0.75, and 1.50 μg cm−2; Pb: 1.65, 3.29, 6.58, 13.16, and 26.32 μg cm−2. For Cd at 0.75 μg cm−2, in the micronucleus test (detects chromosomal aberrations), significant increases () in micronuclei and binucleate cells were observed, and in the comet assay (detects DNA single-strand breaks), tail DNA% was significantly increased. Lead was less toxic with minimal effects on DNA, but the binucleates were significantly increased by Pb at 3.29 μg cm−2. This study shows that Cd is more acutely toxic and sublethally genotoxic than Pb toP. peguana. Cadmium caused chromosomal aberrations and DNA single-strand breaks at 45% of the LC10concentration. Lead, in contrast, did not induce DNA damage but caused cytokinesis defects.

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RESISTANCE EXERCISE PROTOCOL DOES NOT CAUSE ACUTE GENOTOXIC EFFECTS IN TRAINED INDIVIDUALS

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-869220192502178893 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 157-160

Author(s):

Nelson João Tagliari ◽

Luciano de Oliveira Siqueira ◽

Jorge Frederico Pinto Soares ◽

Vanusa Manfredini ◽

Victor Machado Reis

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Strength Training ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Training Session ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Post Exercise

ABSTRACT Introduction: Resistance exercise, particularly strength training, has been progressively gaining more and more followers worldwide. Despite a considerable increase in the amount of research and literature available on this topic, resistance training is undergoing important developments. Anaerobic metabolism, which characterizes resistance training, enhances the ischemic process and blood reperfusion, thereby generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defenses may induce oxidative stress with subsequent protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage in several cells, and other effects. This process may be intensified at rest because the O2 deficit is counteracted by a process known as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. Objective: To analyze the effects of ROS in strength training on the DNA of human lymphocyte, biomarkers of lipid damage (TBARS) and metabolism (triglycerides, protein, glycose, albumin and urea). Methods: Comet assay involving a count of 100 cells, which were divided into five classes of damage (no damage = 0, maximum damage = 4), thereby constituting an indication of DNA damage, and the micronucleus test, where the cell samples were centrifuged at 1000-1500 RPM for ten minutes at room temperature for the micronuclei analysis. Results: An elevation in triglyceride concentrations was observed 5h post-exercise (p=0.018), probably due to nutrition. There were no significant differences in the other biochemical parameters. In terms of the DNA damage measured by the Comet assay and micronucleus test, no statistical differences were observed until 5h post-exercise. Conclusion: The proposed training session did not cause oxidative or genotoxic damage in trained individuals under the proposed conditions. Level of Evidence II; Prognostic studies-Investigation of the effect of patient characteristics on the disease outcome.

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Cage Exposure of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) for in Situ Assessment of Pollution-Related Genotoxicity

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology ◽

10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-1988 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maja Šrut ◽

Anamaria Štambuk ◽

Mirjana Pavlica ◽

Göran Klobučar

Keyword(s):

Dna Damage ◽

Comet Assay ◽

Micronucleus Test ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Fish Farm ◽

Control Group ◽

European Sea Bass

Cage Exposure of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) for in Situ Assessment of Pollution-Related GenotoxicityGenotoxic effects are often the earliest signs of pollution-related environmental disturbance. In this study, we used the comet assay and micronucleus test to assess DNA damage in the erythrocytes of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to environmental pollution in situ. Fish were collected from a fish farm in the Trogir Bay and their cages placed at an unpolluted reference site Šolta (Nečujam Bay) and a polluted site Vranjic (Kaštela Bay) for four weeks. A group of fish which remained at the fish farm Trogir Bay were used as the second control group. Fish exposed at the Vranjic site showed a significantly higher erythrocyte DNA damage, measured by the comet assay, than either control group. Micronucleus induction showed a similar gradient of DNA damage, but did not reach statistical significance. Our results show that cage exposure of a marine fish D. labrax can be useful in environmental biomonitoring and confirm the comet assay as a suitable tool for detecting pollution-related genotoxicity.

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