scholarly journals The phenological observations as the basis for the formation of the database of phenological spectrums of woody plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Emelyanova ◽  
М. F. Tsoy ◽  
L. I. Masalova
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Central Russia

Relevance. A study of the seasonal (phenological) phenomena and natural connections between them on the background of the relevant environmental conditions is of great scientific and practical interest. Knowledge of the dynamics of the seasonal development of woody plants helps in the selection of species and their assessment from an aesthetic and sanitary points of view, as well as in the development and implementation of measures to increase the sustainability of urban green spaces. Materials and methods. The purpose of these studies is to create a database of the dynamics of seasonal development of North American woody plants based on the results of many years of phenological monitoring (2003-2017). The 20 species and forms of North American woody introducers e of the VNIISPK arboretum genetic collection were the objects. Results. It was revealed that the growing season of woody North American plants corresponds to the climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of central Russia. The species with the earliest beginning of the growing season (the third decade of March) were distinguished. There were Mahonia pinnata, M. aquifolia, Betula lenta and B. lutea. On the basis of phenological calendars, phenological spectrums have been constructed. These consist of three lines (the development of leaves, shoots, flowers and fruits) with the corresponding color symbols. It has been revealed that phenospectrums vary depending on the conditions of the year. As a result, the database of 20 species and forms of North American woody plants was formed in the form of phenological spectrums against the background of registration of weather conditions in the forest-steppe zone of Russia. The database includes three options for the possible dynamics of the seasonal development of introduced North American plants. The created database allows observing, comparing, evaluating and forecasting changes in the seasonal rhythm of the studied species of introduced North American plants.

INFLUENCE OF INSECTICIDES ON PRODUCTIVITY IN RAPE CROPS IN AKMOLA REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Н.Сертек,Ш.Ш. Бекенова,А.П.Науанова, З.Ш Сулейменова
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Harmful Organisms

According to the results of research on the phytosanitary status of rapeseed on ordinary Chernozem of the forest-steppe zone of the Akmola region, the species composition of pests was determined. Danadim power, Zolone 35% KE, Decis Expert were used against pests of this rapeseed. Indicators of biological effectiveness in the use of insecticides against pests ranged from 78-95%.The article discusses the biological and economic effectiveness of insecticides used against the main pests of rapeseed. Treatment of cruciferous rape beetle, rapeseed sawfly and cruciferous bug with Decis Expert insecticide (0.075 l/ha) showed high efficiency during the growing season. The use of plant protection products against a complex of harmful organisms showed that, depending on the prevailing climatic conditions, the yield increased to 1.3 c/ha, and the maximum - to 1.9 c/ha. Thus, according to the biological effectiveness of insecticides used against pests, the productDecis Expert showed high results in all pests. On the Cruciferous rape beetle it was 85.7%, in the turnip sawfly – 93.5%, in the cruciferous bug – 81.9%.

scholarly journals The role of variety and forecrop in the population dynamics of Rhizoctonia solani in soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
A. A. Malyuga ◽  
N. S. Chulikova
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Peaks

Long-term studies (2014–2019) of the population dynamics of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Küch. were carried out in the soil on the Purple Majesty, Vitelotte and Fioletovy potato varieties and preceding crops (potatoes, oats and tendergreen). The study was carried out in Novosibirsk region in the soil and climatic conditions typical of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. To study the peculiarities of R. solani fungus population dynamics in potato plantations, soil samples were taken from under the plants during the entire growing season. The accumulation of rhizoctonia propagules in the soil was determined using the method of multiple soil pellets. The difference in the amount and rate of accumulation of the fungus R. solani on different varieties, as well as the influence of previous crops on this process, was established. Two peaks of the fungus accumulation were observed on the Purple Majesty variety: the first (48.7 propagules/100 g of soil) – during the full germination period, the second (57.2 propagules/100 g of soil) – at the end of the crop maturation phase. One peak was observed in the population dynamics of the fungus on Vitelotte and Fioletovy varieties, at the end of the ripening period (59.0 and 49.1 propagules/100 g soil, respectively). The smallest amount of R. solani fungus in the soil on average during the growing season was noted on the Fioletovy variety – 33.3 propagules/100 g of soil. In the Purple Majesty and Vitelotte varieties, this figure was 41.5 and 40.4 propagules/100 g of soil, respectively. When potato variety Agata was cultivated as monoculture, there was a rapid and significant accumulation of the fungus R. solani in the soil (from 34.6 to 126.8 propagules/100 g of soil). When this variety was cultivated following tendergreen or oats, the amount of the pathogen varied to a lesser extent (25.1–52.2 and 19.8–41.0 propagules/100 g of soil, respectively). No sharp increases in the number of propagative structures of the phytopathogen in the soil were noted.

scholarly journals Impact of weather conditions during the growing season on winter barley yield in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (4(33)) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
О. А. Демидов ◽  
В. М. Гудзенко ◽  
С. П. Васильківський
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Forest Steppe

scholarly journals PERENNIAL FLORICULTURAL CROPS RECOMMENDED FOR USE IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE ALTAI REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
O.V. Larina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
High Degree

Rare perennials are very valuable ornamental plants that are very different in their morphological properties. They also differ in the rhythms of their seasonal development. The research goal is to make a comprehensive description of the studied introduced species according to their economically valuable characters and to recommend them for use in land-scape design of the Altai Region. This paper presents the results of long-term studies of 10 taxa that were recom-mended over the past 5 years. The research was carried outin the forest-steppe zone of the Altai Region. The following species were the research targets: Ajuga reptansChocolate Chip,Ajuga reptansMulticolor,Aster novi-belgiiBlue Gem,Aster novi-belgiiEthel Ballard,Aster novi-belgiiMarye Bal-lard,Ligulariatangutica, Heuherella tiarelloides, Sedum kamtschaticum, Hylotelephium spectabile, Eupatorium pur-pureum. In terms of height, structure of vegetative and gen-erative shoots, the introduced species belong to different morphobiological groups, and that allowsusing them in vari-ous types of plantations. The recommended taxa have a high degree of winter hardiness with the exception of Ajuga reptansMulticolor which rots slightly in winters with high snow levels. The flowering of the studied species lasts from May 26 to September 26. There are 4 cultivars with an early flowering period, 1 -middle, 5 -late flowering. Flowering duration is 19-52 days. The plant height is from 18 to 130 cm. The comprehensive evaluationreaches 12-13 score points out of possible 15points. The influence of weather conditions on the quantitative indices of ornamental and morphophysiological qualities of the cultivars was deter-mined. Wide use of highly ornamental perennials recom-mended for landscaping may increasethe ornamental valueof flower beds.

INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE SOYBEAN TRAITS

1970 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Е. V. Gureeva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Maturing

The results of research conducted in 2015-2019 in the forest-steppe agroclimatic zone to identify the dependence of economically valuable traits of soybean varieties on the meteorological conditions of the Ryazan region are presented. The soil of the experimental site is dark gray forest, heavy loamy in granulometric composition. Reaction of the soil solution-phsol. - 5,2; humus content 5,8 %. Mobile phosphorus content – 191.4 mg / kg of soil; exchange potassium content-108.5 mg / kg of soil; nitrate nitrogen-8.4 mg / kg; ammonium nitrogen-1.57 mg/kg. The object of the research were varieties of soybean breeding, FEDERAL state scientific institution "Ryazan research Institute of agriculture" - Mahewa, George, Whale, Light. The work was carried out in accordance with the methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops and the methodology of field experience. To characterize the climatic conditions, we used an integrated indicator – Selyaninov's hydrothermal coefficient (GTC). It was found that the duration of the growing season of early — maturing varieties depends more on the weather conditions in july, early-maturing varieties-on the conditions in august. The height of the plant is affected by weather conditions in june, and the weight of 1000 seeds – in july. The yield of soybeans largely depends on the climatic conditions during the main stages of development of the crop. The average yield over the years of the study for varieties was in the range from 1.37 to 1.79 t/ha. The highest yield was recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the GTC close to 1, the lowest yield for varieties was obtained in 2018 with the GTC=0.6. A significant relationship was found between seed yield, seed weight from the plant and the GTC of the growing season: the variation in soybean seed yield by 67% is associated with the action of the studied factors (R2=0.67).

scholarly journals The degree of ripening of the grapevine in the varieties of selection of National Scientific Centre ‟Institute of viticulture and wine-making after V.YE. Tairovˮ in the conditions of the northern part of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
O. S. Vasylenko ◽  
◽  
T. E. Kondratenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Primary Fluorescence ◽  
Wintering Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Strong growth of shoots and ripening of grape fruits do not give grounds for claiming that the variety is in accordance with the climatic conditions of a certain area. Only a well-ripe vine can withstand severe winter conditions. The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of maturation of the vine in grape varieties of Odessa breeding grown in the northern part of the Forest-steppe, and to identify among them the most prepared for wintering conditions in the area. The degree of maturation of the vine was determined during 2018–2019 in the autumn before the cover of grape plants by the method of primary fluorescence using a microscope MBS-2 with fluorescent illuminator OI-18 and by the method of N. Matuzok. Studies have shown that the degree of ripening of the grapevine depends on the weather conditions during the growing season and varietal characteristics of the plants. Weather conditions during the years of study contributed to the good maturation of the shoots of grapes of all varieties except Kometa and Zahadka. The first had a characteristic brown color of the mature bark along the entire length of the shoot. When bending the vine in its upper part of the characteristic cracking of the bark was not in the varieties Kometa, Zahadka, Yarylo and Muskat odeskyi. The highest degree of ripening of shoot tissues was noted in the lower zone of the vine in the Aromatnyi, Kardyshakh, Kishmish tayirovskij. In the middle zone of shoots, the highest degree of maturation of the felema was found in the variety Kardyshakh, and in the upper part of the shoot, in the variety Aromatnyi. The highest conditional coefficient of maturation (Kv) of the tissues of the vine in the fifth internode is defined in the varieties Aromatnyi and Kyshmysh tairovskyi (0.90), the mean in the variety Kardyshakh (0.88), and the lowest in the variety Kometa (0.56). Based on the data obtained from the results of complex studies, it was found that the varieties Aromatnyi, Kyshmysh tairovskyi and Kardyshakh are the most prepared for wintering in the northern part of the Forest-steppe.

scholarly journals Black point in spring durum wheat under different environmental conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-718
Author(s):  
L. P. Khlebova ◽  
N. V. Barysheva ◽  
A. I. Ziborov ◽  
I. A. Brumberg
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Negative Effect

The study of cereal seed mycocenosis is relevant in solving problems determining the production of healthy, environmentally friendly agricultural products. Black point of wheat grain is a disorder characterised by a brown-black discolouration at the embryo end of the kernel. It is found in all regions of durum wheat cultivation and it results in significant economic loss annually. We studied seven varieties of spring durum wheat that were grown in 2014-2019. The weather conditions of the growing season have a significant impact on the development of black point of durum wheat in the forest-steppe zone of the Altai Territory of Russia (South-Western Siberia). The defeat of seeds by a black point varied from 2.3% to 28.0% on average for varieties. To obtain high-quality grain that is not affected by this disease, phytosanitary measures are required that reduce the infection of seeds with phytopathogens and limit the development of the disease during the growing season. Analysis of the pathogenic composition of fungal microorganisms in seeds of spring durum wheat, formed in different vegetations, revealed the presence of representatives of Fusarium, Alternaria, Helminthosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillum with a predominance of the first 3 genera. We found the negative effect of Fusarium fungi on seed germination. In the field conditions of the forest-steppe of the Altai Territory, the development of a black point in durum wheat grain is determined by the colonization of seeds with Bipolaris sorokiniana. No correlation was found between the incidence of black point and the infection of seeds by Fusarium and Alternaria.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON PEAT SOILS OF NORTHERN TRANS-URAL REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
A. S. Motorin
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Cold Spring ◽  
Reclamation System

The paper presents the results of the longterm studies (1982-1995 and 2011-2014) on the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers (NPK) on medium-textured soils of the forest-steppe zone of the Northern Trans-Urals. The studies were conducted on the experimental land-reclamation system located in the central part of the Tarmansky bog land on the second lacustrine-alluvial terrace of the Tura river. The soils have a weakly acid medium reaction 5.2-5.9, relatively low hydrolytic acidity 28.1^10.8 mg - eq. /100 g of soil, a relatively low degree of base saturation 61.7-75.5%, high content of total nitrogen 3.1-3.9% and low content of phosphorus0.09-0.14%andpotassium0.02-0.05%. As a result of the research, it was revealed that there was a lack of nutrients both at the beginning of the growing season of perennial grasses during cold spring and permanently in the second half of the growing season. Therefore, without fertilization, perennial grasses form low hay yields (1.95 t/ha in two-time mowing on average in 14 years). It was noted that over the years, the yield of grass without fertilizers does not tend to increase. Yield fluctuations over the years are mainly due to weather conditions. Systematic application of complete mineral fertilizers in dressings increases the yield of hay of perennial grasses by 2.6-3.8 times. The maximum increase of hay by 32.2 kg on average in 14 years was achieved when applying N30P60K60. The increase in the fertilizer rate from 150 to 240 kg of the primary nutrient reduced the efficiency of each kilogram of the primary nutrient by 20%, whereas the increase up to 330 kg reduced the efficiency by 34%. The need of grasses in nitrogen is satisfied by mineral fertilizers by less than a half (41.4%). Formation of an adequate second mowing is possible only with the application of fertilizers. Fertilization provides a dominant position (87- 92%) of the awnless brome from the second year of using grasses. Annual fertilizer dressings applied to perennial grasses allow to obtain high-quality hay. 

scholarly journals The еffect of fungicides on the development of diseases and soybean yield in the Forest steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
V. Serhiienko ◽  
O. Shyta ◽  
A. Khudolii
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Soybean Diseases

Goal. To study the effectiveness of modern fungicides against the most common diseases of soybeans during the growing season and their effect on crop productivity in the Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, phytopathological, statistical. The experiments were carried out in the farms of the Kyiv region, belonging to the Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Spraying of soybean crops was carried out twice during the growing season in the phases of budding-beginning of flowering (51—55) and the formation of beans (71—75). Determined the development of diseases, the effectiveness of fungicides, crop yield. Results. The most common diseases of soybeans in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine have been identified: Alternaria, downy mildew, Fusarium wilting, Septoria, and bacterial blight. The species composition of diseases and the degree of their development were largely influenced by the weather conditions of the growing season. The investigated fungicides Abacus mk.e. (pyraclostrobin, 62.5 + epoxiconazole, 62.5), Amistar Extra 280 SC, (azoxystrobin, 200 + cyproconazole, 80), Acanto Plus 28 c.s. (picoxystrobin, 200 g/l + cyproconazole, 80 g/l), Coronet 300 SC (trifloxystrobin, 100 g/l + tebuconazole, 200 g/l), as well as Impact K preparations, c.s. (flutriafol, 117.5 g/l + carbendazim, 250 g/l) and Koside 2000 w. g. (copper hydroxide, 350 g/kg) at the recommended application rates effectively limited the development of most fungal pathogens. The highest protective effect of 69.8—78.9% of fungicides was shown against downy mildew of soybeans, the lowest — 31.7—42.2% against Alternaria, which had the highest development in comparison with other diseases. Fungicide Koside 2000 w. g. at the level of 67% limited the development of bacterial diseases. The use of fungicides had a positive effect on the yield of soybeans. Due to the limitation of the development of diseases, the soybean yield increased by 21.2—30.3%, depending on the variant of the experiment. Conclusions. The use of fungicides significantly affected the limitation of the development of the most common soybean diseases in the Forest-steppe of Ukraine. The effectiveness of The effectiveness of the studied modern fungicides against peronospora, fusarium wilting, septoria was at the level of 60.2—78.9%. Fungicides most effectively controlled the development of downy mildew, less effectively — the development of Alternaria. The limitation of soybean diseases when using fungicides contributed to an increase in its yield by an average of 0.7—1.0 t/ha.

scholarly journals The effect of weather conditions and application of mineral fertilizers on quality indicators of Callistephus chinensis (L) Nees

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
T.I. Melnyk ◽  
O.V. Surgan
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Conducting Research

With the development of modern floral business, Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees is among the top three of the most popular crops, yielding only chrysanthemum and calendula in commercial cultivation. This is one of the most widespread seasonal decorative annual flower crops, which is beautifully cultivated in open ground, pots and bouquet flowers. The researches presented in the article were conducted in order to determine the influence of weather conditions during the growing season of C. chinensis on the research sites of the educational scientific-production complex of the Sumy National Agrarian University (Northeast Forest-steppe of Ukraine) and the effectiveness of the application of various norms of complex mineral fertilizers, introduced at the planting of seedlings into open ground, on the processes of growth, flowering and other qualitative characteristics of the five varieties. During the growing season, the climatic conditions of the region of conducting research, variety characteristics, and also the variability of the parameters of height, number and diameter of C. chinensis inflorescences of the varieties 'Olenka', 'Leleka', 'Litnia Nich', 'Tsarivna' and 'Yabluneva' were influenced by variability mode of mineral nutrition. Weather conditions of vegetation have an impact on the number and size of inflorescences. According to research results, it has been established that there is a certain relationship between the weather conditions of the year and the number of inflorescences. So, the increase in the amount of precipitation during the growing season contributes to the development of the vegetative mass, but also negatively affects the formation of the number of inflorescences C. chinensis. For most varieties, the optimal conditions for the development of the generative sphere were the normal conditions for moisture of the year, and for the 'Litnia Nich' variety it was dry. The greatest increase in height when fertilizing compared to control was observed by the variety 'Tsarivna' (15.9 %), the smallest - by the variety 'Olenka' (2.0 %). The formation of inflorescences of greater diameter by the plants of the varieties 'Olenka', 'Litnia Nich' and 'Tsarivna' was observed in 2016, and by the 'Leleka' and 'Yabluneva' varieties in 2017. For most varieties in 2015, the diameter of inflorescences was the smallest. Studies have shown that weather conditions do not have a significant effect on the diameter of inflorescence, unlike mineral nutrition. The diameter of the inflorescences was the highest in comparison with the control by the variety 'Olenka' (18.3%), the smallest - by the variety 'Tsarivna' (1.1 %). The most valuable morphological and decorative features of C. chinensis plants of the five varieties under study were formed according to the norms of complex mineral fertilizers (nitroamofoska) 6.0 g/m2. The further increase of norm was not appropriate.

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