scholarly journals Complications in multiple gestation pregnancy: A cross-sectional study of ten maternal-fetal medicine centers in China

Oncotarget ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 30797-30803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wei ◽  
Qi-Jun Wu ◽  
Tie-Ning Zhang ◽  
Zi-Qi Shen ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Fetal Medicine ◽  
Fetal Medicine

Gender Differences in Academic Rank and NIH Funding among Academic Maternal–Fetal Medicine Physicians in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 443-448
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Sperling ◽  
Rachel Shulman ◽  
Cinthia Blat ◽  
Edward Miller ◽  
Jolene Kokroko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Fetal Medicine ◽  
Fetal Medicine ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Nih Funding

Objective This article evaluates gender differences in academic rank and National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding among academic maternal–fetal medicine (MFM) physicians. Study Design This was a cross-sectional study of board-certified academic MFM physicians. Physicians were identified in July 2017 from the MFM fellowship Web sites. Academic rank and receipt of any NIH funding were compared by gender. Data on potential confounders were collected, including years since board certification, region of practice, additional degrees, number of publications, and h-index. Results We identified 659 MFM physicians at 72 institutions, 312 (47.3%) male and 347 (52.7%) female. There were 246 (37.3%) full, 163 (24.7%) associate, and 250 (37.9%) assistant professors. Among the 154 (23.4%) MFM physicians with NIH funding, 89 (57.8%) were male and 65 (42.2%) were female (p = 0.003). Adjusting for potential confounders, male MFM physicians were twice as likely to hold a higher academic rank than female MFM physicians (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.04 [95% confidence interval, 1.39–2.94], p < 0.001). There was no difference in NIH funding between male and female MFM physicians (aOR, 1.23 [0.79–1.92], p = 0.36). Conclusion Compared with female academic MFM physicians, male academic MFM physicians were twice as likely to hold a higher academic rank but were no more likely to receive NIH funding.

scholarly journals Study of perinatal outcome in twin gestation in rural referral hospital in Maharashtra (India): a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 5074
Author(s):  
Mahesh Asalkar ◽  
Bijal Kasar ◽  
Swapnil Dhakne ◽  
Patit Paban Panigrahi
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Background: Incidence of twin pregnancy is increasing all over the world. It can occur after Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) or spontaneously and associated with increased maternal and neonatal complications both in the developed and developing countries.Methods: A descriptive (Cross sectional) study of 64 cases of twins was undertaken between January 2013 till December 2015. Data collection was done prospectively from the patients admitted to the hospital with twin gestation. Inclusion criteria: All pregnancy with twin gestation more than 28 weeks of gestation. Twin pregnancies with both fetuses alive are included. Exclusion criteria is multiple gestation other than twins, cases with congenital malformation and intrauterine death (in one or both twins) were excluded. Data included thorough antenatal history, demographic details and intrapartum and postpartum maternal and neonatal details.Results: Prevalence of twins in our study was 1.61% (95% CI 1.3-2%). Out of 69 cases of twin pregnancy 64 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. History of ovulation induction was associated with 23% cases. Commonest complications observed were preterm labour (56.5%) anaemia (43.4%) and PIH (22.3%). 30.2% cases delivered vaginally whereas 69.8% patients required c. section, malpresentation being commonest indication. No intrapartum still birth was recorded. Early neonatal death was seen in eight cases, causes were prematurity, hyaline membrane disease and neonatal jaundice. Diamnoitic-dichorionic twins were 90% and 3% cases were monoamniotic monochorionic. Zygosity was calculated by Weinbergs formula and 84% cases were dizygotic while 16% cases were monozygotic. No maternal mortality related to twin pregnancy was reported in present study.Conclusions: All twin pregnancy should be considered as high risk pregnancies and should have mandatory hospital delivery. Early diagnosis, adequate antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care as well as good NICU back up are the key factors in reducing the complications and improving the perinatal outcome in twin pregnancies.

scholarly journals In which groups of pregnant women can the caesarean delivery rate likely be reduced safely in the USA? A multicentre cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e021670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Wen Zhang ◽  
Ware Branch ◽  
Matthew Hoffman ◽  
Ank De Jonge ◽  
Sheng-Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Breech Presentation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa

ObjectivesTo identify obstetrical subgroups in which (1) the caesarean delivery (CD) rate may be reduced without compromising safety and (2) CD may be associated with better perinatal outcomes.DesignA multicentre cross-sectional study.Setting19 hospitals in the USA that participated in the Consortium on Safe Labor.Participants228 562 pregnant women in 2002–2008.Main outcome measuresMaternal and neonatal safety was measured using the individual Weighted Adverse Outcome Score.MethodsWomen were divided into 10 subgroups according to a modified Robson classification system. Generalised estimated equation model was used to examine the relationships between mode of delivery and Weighted Adverse Outcome Score in each subgroup.ResultsThe overall caesarean rate was 31.2%. Repeat CD contributed 29.5% of all CD, followed by nulliparas with labour induction (15.3%) and non-cephalic presentation (14.3%). The caesarean rates in induced nulliparas with a term singleton cephalic pregnancy and women with previous CD were 31.6% and 82.0%, respectively. CD had no clinically meaningful association with perinatal outcomes in most subgroups. However, in singleton preterm breech presentation and preterm twin gestation with the first twin in non-cephalic presentation, CD was associated with substantially improved maternal and perinatal outcomes.ConclusionsWomen with repeat CD, term non-cephalic presentation, term twins or other multiple gestation and preterm births may be the potential targets for safely reducing prelabour CD rate, while nulliparas or multiparas with spontaneous or induced labour, women with repeat CD, term non-cephalic presentation, term twins or other multiple gestation and preterm births are potential targets for reducing intrapartum CD rate without compromising maternal and neonatal safety in the USA. On the other hand, CD may still be associated with better perinatal outcomes in women with singleton preterm breech presentation or preterm twins with the first twin in non-cephalic presentation.

scholarly journals Maternal and perinatal outcomes in multiple versus singleton pregnancies in Dakar, Senegal: a cross sectional study over 10 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1705
Author(s):  
Mame D. Ndiaye ◽  
Mamour Gueye ◽  
Ndèye Aissatou Diop ◽  
Simon B. Ndour ◽  
Ndama Niang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Perineal Injuries

Background: The birth of twins is a singular event in most societies, and even more when it comes to multiple births. The objective of this study was to investigate maternal and perinatal outcomes in multiple versus singleton pregnancies.Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out at Philippe Maguilen Senghor health center in Dakar, Senegal from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2019. Data were extracted from this E-perinatal electronic database and then analyzed in statistical package for social science software (SPSS 24, Mac version).Results: A total 42,870 mothers delivered 44,149 newborns including 1250 twins (2.8%) and 29 triplets. The mean maternal age was 27 years. Mothers with multiple pregnancies had 3 times the odds of poor maternal outcome compared to mothers with single pregnancies (OR 2.42, 95% CI; 1.98-2.94, p <0.001, for high blood pressure; OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.11-3.32, p= <0.001, for severe pre-eclampsia; and OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.64-5.66, p <0.001, for postpartum hemorrhage). Likewise, women with multiple gestations had significantly higher rates of preterm birth (OR 5.62; 95% CI: 4.91-6.41, p <0.001), breech presentations (OR = 11.02; CI = 9.68-12.53, p <0.001) and neonatal deaths (OR = 2.94; CI = 9.6852-12.5328 p= 0.004) as compared to women with singleton gestations. Furthermore, women with multifetal gestations had increased risk for caesarean section (OR 2.14; 95% CI: 1.91-2.41, p <0.001) compared with their singleton counterparts. The risks for episiotomy and perineal injuries were higher for women with singleton gestations as compared to multiple gestation mothers.Conclusions: This study results are in line with previous findings and contradict others. Particular attention should always be paid to multiple pregnancies’ management. However, the pattern of certain complications traditionally correlated with multiple pregnancies is to be confirmed.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

Confidence toward vaccination as reported by parents of children admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

Vacunas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.M. AlGoraini ◽  
N.N. AlDujayn ◽  
M.A. AlRasheed ◽  
Y.E. Bashawri ◽  
S.S. Alsubaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Conflict Avoidance in Old Age

GeroPsych ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Oberhauser ◽  
Andreas B. Neubauer ◽  
Eva-Marie Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Conflict Avoidance ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. Conflict avoidance increases across the adult lifespan. This cross-sectional study looks at conflict avoidance as part of a mechanism to regulate belongingness needs ( Sheldon, 2011 ). We assumed that older adults perceive more threats to their belongingness when they contemplate their future, and that they preventively react with avoidance coping. We set up a model predicting conflict avoidance that included perceptions of future nonbelonging, termed anticipated loneliness, and other predictors including sociodemographics, indicators of subjective well-being and perceived social support (N = 331, aged 40–87). Anticipated loneliness predicted conflict avoidance above all other predictors and partially mediated the age-association of conflict avoidance. Results suggest that belongingness regulation accounts may deepen our understanding of conflict avoidance in the second half of life.

Internalizing Behavior During the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Vierhaus ◽  
Arnold Lohaus ◽  
Indra Shah
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The One

This investigation focuses on the question whether assessments of the development of internalizing behavior from childhood to adolescence are affected by the kind of research design (longitudinal versus cross-sectional). Two longitudinal samples of 432 second-graders and 366 fourth graders participated in a longitudinal study with subsequent measurements taken 1, 2, and 3 years later. A third sample consisting of 849 children covering the same range of grades participated in a cross-sectional study. The results show that the development of internalizing symptoms in girls – but not in boys – varies systematically with the research design. In girls, there is a decrease of internalizing symptoms (especially between the first two timepoints) in the longitudinal assessment, which may reflect, for example, the influence of strain during the first testing situation. Both longitudinal trajectories converge to a common trajectory from grade 2 to grade 7 when controlling for this “novelty-distress effect.” Moreover, when we control this effect, the slight but significant decrease characterizing the common trajectory becomes similar to the one obtained in the cross-sectional study. Therefore, trajectories based on longitudinal assessments may suggest more changes with regard to internalizing symptoms over time than actually take place, while trajectories based on cross-sectional data may be characterized by an increased level of internalizing symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

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