Immuno-morphological correlation of tonsillar pathology  and acute appendicitis in children

The palatine tonsils and the appendix are components of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), namely the peripheral part of the immune system, which provides a protective barrier of mucous membranes against foreign antigens. Topographic and anatomical unity of the lymphoid apparatus of the pharynx and abdominal organs determine their direct lymphatic connection. Despite the progress achieved in the study of the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis and the pathology of the appendix, surgical treatment of these diseases remains the main one. The question of the influence of tonsillectomy and appendectomy on the state of humoral immunity remains controversial. The mechanisms of interaction of various links of humoral immunity in the formation of conjugated diseases of the lymphoid apparatus of the pharynx and abdominal cavity, namely, the palatine tonsils and the appendix, as well as statistical, clinical, immunological and morphological indicators concerning 940 patients with acute appendicitis at the age from 3 to 18 years old, who were undergoing treatment at the Kruglaya Multidisciplinary Center for the period from 2015 to 2018. The analysis of the statistical, seasonal, age and gender characteristics of the prevalence of acute appendicitis (AA), suggesting a connection with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pharynx. Clinical cases showing the combination of tonsillar pathology and AA are presented. Based on the data obtained, similar immune-morphological changes in the palatine tonsils and the appendix were revealed during their inflammation, and the possible immune mechanisms of the pathogenesis of AA in tonsillar pathology were substantiated. Keywords: acute and chronic tonsillitis, complications, appendicitis.

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Morphological changes of a great omentum at implantation of polypropylene and composite prostheses at allohernioplasty

Reports of Morphology ◽

10.31393/morphology-journal-2019-25(4)-10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 62-69

Author(s):

О.О. Vorovskyі ◽

V.O. Shaprynskyі ◽

I.M. Sadyk

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Great Omentum ◽

Composite Mesh ◽

Blood Capillaries ◽

Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh ◽

Abdominal Organs ◽

Mesh Method ◽

Onlay Mesh ◽

Ventral Hernias

To date, allohernioplasty of giant postoperative ventral hernias retains high postoperative mortality and a significant number of postoperative complications. The purpose of the study is to investigate the possibility of intraperitoneal use of polypropylene and composite implants in allohernioplasty of postoperative giant ventral hernias by studying the morphological changes of the great omentum. The results of surgical treatment of 146 patients with postoperative giant ventral hernias were investigated. To this group of patients with allohernioplasty by the method onlay was performed 22 (15.1%) patients, by the method sublay – 46 (31.5%), by the method inlay – 52 (35.6%), with intra-abdominal placement of the mesh by the method onlay (intraperitoneal onlay mesh) – 26 (17.8%). 32 (21.9%) patients who underwent surgery using the sublay method polypropylene implant was fenced off from the abdominal organs with a great omentum, 22 (15.1%) patients operated on by the intraperitoneal onlay mesh method composite implant was also fenced off from the abdominal organs by a great omentum. In 8 (5.5%) patients from the group of patients who were operated on by the sublay method and in 6 (4.1%) – operated by the intraperitoneal onlay mesh method for 14-18 days patients developed signs of chronic intestinal obstruction, where the cause was postoperative adhesive illness. The study of the effect of polypropylene prosthesis on a great omentum was performed on 8 outbred dogs and 6 outbred mature dogs, who were implanted with a composite mesh unilaterally covered with oxycellulose. The polypropylene implant has been shown to have a greater capacity for the development of adhesive processes. However, if a great omentum to protect this prosthesis from the abdominal cavity then the first zone (active inflammation) spread in 155 microns (increase in the number of blood capillaries of the microcirculatory bed, thickening of the arterioles wall, venous full blood flow, diapedesis of leukocytes through the wall of the blood cells), the second zone (sclerosis) – up to 40 microns (increase in the number of macrophages and lymphocytes. proliferation of fibroblasts). In the future, the structure of the omentum was almost indistinguishable, so with allohernioplasty by the developed method, it was possible to prevent the development of adhesive disease on the intestine. This study confirmed the limited spread of the inflammatory response, which allows the implant of a polypropylene mesh on a great omentum. In the composite mesh, the composite mesh was spliced with surrounding tissues from the side where there was no gel coating, and from the side of the salivary coating, the “readiness” to spread the inflammatory process (vasculitis with pronounced lympho-plasmocytic infiltration of the vessel walls and perivascular ductus), therefore, left it is also necessary to enclose it with a large omentum from intestium.

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ANALISIS OF THE STTUCTURE OF ABDOMINAL PAIN SINDROME IN CHILDREN IN CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL REPUBLICAN HOSPITAL

Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery ◽

10.18821/1560-9510-2019-23-1-35-37 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 35-37

Author(s):

Nail V. Rayanov ◽

R. N. Rayanov ◽

N. R. Nizaev

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Acute Appendicitis ◽

Pediatric Surgery ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Emergency Operation ◽

Acute Calculous Cholecystitis ◽

Abdominal Organs ◽

Functional Nature ◽

Calculous Cholecystitis

Abdominal pain is a serious problem in pediatric surgery. Abdominal pain is one of the most frequent complaints addressed by children and their parents to doctors of various specialties: pediatrician, gastroenterologist, infectious diseases specialist, pediatric surgeon, ambulance workers. Abdominal pain is a symptom of many diseases of organs of abdominal cavity. It may be of a functional nature, which does not pose a threat to the life of the child and does not require surgical intervention, and pain associated with acute pathology of the abdominal organs (acute appendicitis, invagination of the intestine, diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction, acute calculous cholecystitis, injuries of the abdominal cavity and so on. e) requiring an emergency operation.

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Common pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis and acute appendicitis

Russian otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.18692/1810-4800-2020-3-8-15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 8-15

Author(s):

V. V. Dvoryanchikov ◽

◽

V. G. Mironov ◽

S. S. Pavlova ◽

V. I. Podsvirov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Appendicitis ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Clinical Analysis ◽

Chronic Tonsillitis ◽

Structural Components ◽

Acute Tonsillitis ◽

Palatine Tonsils ◽

History Of ◽

Common Pathogenesis

For many decades, the problem of chronic tonsillitis still does not lose its relevance. However, some aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis remain unexplored. This article presents the results of a study of the bacterial flora and structural components of the tissues of the palatine tonsils in chronic decompensated tonsillitis and appendix in patients with acute tonsillitis, as well as a comparison of some indicators of the general clinical analysis of peripheral blood in patients with these types of pathology. Chronic tonsillitis occurred in the history of patients with acute appendicitis in 78% of cases, which is ten times the frequency of its detection in the urban population. In all patients with acute appendicitis, palatine tonsil hypertrophy was detected, mainly of the III degree, as well as the presence of liquid or thick caseous pus in the gaps. In chronic decompensated tonsillitis, an increase in the seeding of the palatine tonsils of Streptococcus pyogenes occurs, and in acute appendicitis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes appear on the background of Escherichia coli. Unidirectional changes in the areas of structural components of palatine tonsils in patients with chronic decompensated tonsillitis and appendix in patients with acute appendicitis were revealed. Based on the data obtained, we can assume the similarities and interconnections of the pathogenesis of chronic decompensated tonsillitis and acute appendicitis.

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Clinical and morphological features of chronic tonsillitis of frequently ill children of different age groups

Russian otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.18692/1810-4800-2020-3-41-45 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 41-45

Author(s):

N. M. Khmel’nitskaya ◽

◽

E. V. Bezrukova ◽

R. Ch. Makhmudov ◽

L. A. Mkrtchyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Age Groups ◽

Chronic Tonsillitis ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Palatine Tonsils ◽

Stromal Component ◽

Medical Histories ◽

Subepithelial Layer ◽

Tissue Contents

The aim of the research is to determine the main clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical manifestations of hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis in different age groups of children who are frequently ill. Materials and methods. The objects of the research were the medical histories and surgical materials after tonsillotomy (patients under the age of 6 inclusive) and tonsillectomy (patients from 7 years old) of 48 children’s tonsils. 4 age groups of children were identified. Qualitative assessment of epithelial cells, subepithelial layer of connective tissue, contents of lacunae, follicular and interfollicular lymphoid tissue, stromal component of palatine tonsils as well as distribution of T- and B-lymphocytes in palatine tonsils’ tissue was performed. Morphological changes in the lymphoid tissue of palatine tonsils in children of patients under the age of 6 indicate the preservation of immune activity during interaction with most foreign invader. The most pronounced decrease in the volume of lymphoid tissue because of fibrosis is observed in children between the ages 13 – 18 years old.

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Optical Diagnostics of the Maxillary Sinuses by Digital Diaphanoscopy Technology

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11010077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Ekaterina O. Bryanskaya ◽

Irina N. Novikova ◽

Viktor V. Dremin ◽

Roman Yu. Gneushev ◽

Olga A. Bibikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Radiation ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Bone Thickness ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Gender Characteristics ◽

Males And Females ◽

And Gender ◽

Technical Basis ◽

Intensity Radiation ◽

Maxillary Sinuses

The work is devoted to the development of a scientific and technical basis for instrument implementation of a digital diaphanoscopy technology for the diagnosis of maxillary sinus inflammatory diseases taking into account the anatomical features of patients (differences in skin structure, skull bone thickness, and sinus size), the optical properties of exercised tissues, and the age and gender characteristics of patients. The technology is based on visualization and analysis of scattering patterns of low-intensity radiation as it passes through the maxillary sinuses. The article presents the experimental data obtained using the digital diaphanoscopy method and the results of numerical simulation of the optical radiation passage through the study area. The experimental setup has been modernized through the installation of a a device for controlling the LED applicator brightness. The approach proposed may have considerable promise for creating diagnostic criteria for various pathological changes and can be used to assess the differences in the optical and anatomical features of males and females.

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A Correlational Study of Depression, Ruminative Thought Patterns, and Gender Characteristics

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e413782005-815 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica L. Viergutz ◽

Amy Hilburger ◽

Paul Thomas ◽

Laura Koberstein ◽

Jill Spaak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correlational Study ◽

Thought Patterns ◽

Gender Characteristics ◽

And Gender

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Humoral factors of innate immunity in the saliva of patients with infectious inflammatory respiratory diseases

OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2-3(2) 2019 - OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY ◽

10.37219/2528-8253-2018-2-13 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Oleg Melnikov ◽

Diana Zabolotnaya ◽

Alexander Bredun ◽

Bogdan Bil ◽

Oksana Rylska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Activity Level ◽

Chronic Tonsillitis ◽

Control Group ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Upper Airways ◽

Humoral Factors ◽

Immune Modulators

Introduction: In recently ears factors of innate immunity both cellular and humoral have been paid considerable attention as they are a protective barrier of a fast response and that is why they are largely concentrated at the intersection of the digestive tract and airways. The data concerning the activity level of factors of innate immunity in the upper airways affected by nonspecific inflammatory processes is insufficient and sparse and therefore the purpose of this research was to study the content of humoral factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion (ORS) of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the upper airways in remission. Materials and Methods: There was an examination of 16 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of bacterial genesis (15-40 years old), 12 patients with rhinopharyngitis of post-viral genesis (8-16 years old), 12 people with scleroma from 30 tо 52 years of age (atrophic form), 10 patients with chronic tonsillitis in remission (from 10 to 33 years of age) and 11 patients of a control group (practically healthy donors from 12 tо 40 years of age). The content of MIP-1b, defensin-1β, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-interferon was studied in the nonstimulated OPS. Statistics were carried out using Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The greatest number of deviations in the decrease in the content of the examined nonspecific protective factors was found in cases of scleroma, chronic tonsillitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (p<0,05). The lack of protective humoral factors of innate immunity can be evidence of local immunodeficiency even in remission, which is a pathophysiological component of the maintenance of chronic inflammation. Conclusion: The decrease int he quantitative composition of factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the airways is an objective ground not only for a replacement therapy, but also for the use of immune response modifiers from photo-immune modulators to “genuine immune modulators” controlling the state of the factors of both innate immunity and immunoglobulins, primarily of secretory type, the level and functionality of various groups of immunocompetent and accessory cells.

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THE GENDER IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “POWER” FRAME IN SHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDY “MACBETH”

Tyumen State University Herald Humanities Research Humanitates ◽

10.21684/2411-197x-2020-6-2-19-36 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 19-36

Author(s):

Ekaterina A. LOBANOVA

Keyword(s):

Main Idea ◽

Point Of View ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Discursive Analysis ◽

Historical Text ◽

Gender Characteristics ◽

And Gender ◽

Linguistic Methods ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This article studies the cognitive features of the “power” frame and its gender implementation in the historical tragedy by W. Shakespeare “Macbeth”. Here, the author examines the concepts of “frame” and “gender” in linguistics, studying different approaches to their definition. The relevance of this work is determined by the close attention of the contemporary linguistics to these concepts, as well as their place in the contemporary academic paradigm. The academic affirmation of the “frame” and “gender” concepts designates a new step in understanding the ways and peculiarities of the language interaction, consciousness, and culture, and, consequently, it shows new aspects of the relationship of linguistics with other sciences. Nevertheless, the problems of both frame and gender are not yet fully understood. This study allows describing in detail the essence of the frame “power” and showing its meaning, use, and ways of its gender implementation in fiction, which explains the novelty of this article. The study’s methodology is based on the cognitive-discursive analysis of the text, as well as on an integrative approach to the discourse study, which combines methods of both cognitive and gender linguistics, as well as the discourse analysis. Common research methods were used along with private linguistic methods. The application of cognitive-discursive analysis has significantly increased the depth of understanding of the “power” frame that dominates Shakespeare’s historical tragedy. This historical text presents the central theme of political tragedy: the overthrow of the rightful ruler and the usurpation of power. The motive for the seizure of power forms a thematic core and is presented from the usurpers’ point of view. In this article, the author observes the gender shift and duality of the female and male beginnings: Shakespeare puts the female protagonist, hungry for power, among men, thus the images of Lady Macbeth and her husband come into conflict with the gender characteristics attributed to them. The play clearly traces the main idea of Machiavellianism: the goal justifies the means. The results conclude that the “power” frame is the leading one in Lady Macbeth’s monologue, thus setting one of the main themes of this tragedy.

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