Research of the process of distributing the middle part of tubular blanks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Maryin ◽  
D.A. Potyanikhin ◽  
Wai Aung Phyo ◽  
Ko Hlaing Min
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Cold Plastic Deformation ◽  
Tensile Stresses ◽  
Wheel Turn ◽  
Air Brakes ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
High Degree

A significant problem in the aircraft industry remains the production of reliable hydro-gas systems, such as flight control, landing gear retraction and release, wheel turn control of the front landing gear, control of air brakes and spoilers, engine thrust reversal control, et al., providing a high degree of performance and reliability. The article discusses the technological processes of manufacturing parts for hydro-gas systems of aircraft. Research has been carried out on the expansion of the middle part of thin-walled tubular billets by cold plastic deformation, which showed that the most dangerous is the middle part of the considered part of the billet, where there are significant tensile stresses. The reduction in tensile stresses that occurs when creating an ice retainer allows to increase in the expansion ratio. The application of new types of working bodies is proposed for transferring pressure to the deformation zone.

Computer Simulation of the Bi-Stable Valve in the A340 Landing Gear

1996 ◽  
Vol 210 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
D G Tilley ◽  
S P Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Model Library ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Actuation Systems ◽  
Component Models ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Simulation Package

The increasing use of simulation for both circuit and component analysis in the aircraft industry has come about due to the requirement for acceptable transient as well as steady state performance of aircraft systems. The computer simulation package, Bathfp, developed at the Fluid Power Centre, University of Bath, is suitable for investigations into both of these. Utilities are provided which allow a model of a complicated system or component to be built up from its elements, which can be introduced to the model library of components so that particular dedicated areas of interest such as flight control actuation systems and braking and landing gear may be examined in detail. Component models enable the internal details of valves, pumps, motors, actuators and other elements to be simulated to a high degree of accuracy. This paper describes the application of the simulation package to perform a detailed analysis of the bi-stable valve in the A340 landing gear shock absorber. In the original design, a malfunction of the valve during impact on landing was clearly identified by an experimental test. Parametric variations are made in the simulation to identify the possible cause of the malfunction.

Editorial on Future Jet Technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Gal-Or
Keyword(s):  
Flight Control ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Mobile Telecommunication ◽  
Fighter Aircraft ◽  
Thrust Vectoring ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Stealth Technology ◽  
Forced Landing ◽  
Expected Benefits

AbstractThe jet engine is the prime flight controller in post-stall flight domains where conventional flight control fails, or when the engine prevents catastrophes in training, combat, loss of all airframe hydraulics (the engine retains its own hydraulics), loss of one engine, pilot errors, icing on the wings, landing gear and runway issues in takeoff and landing and in bad-whether recoveries. The scientific term for this revolutionary technology is “jet-steering”, and in engineering practice – “thrust vectoring”, or “TV”.Jet-Steering in advanced fighter aircraft designs is integrated with stealth technology. The resulting classified Thrust-Vectoring-Stealth (“TVS”) technology has generated a second jet-revolution by which all Air-&-Sea-Propulsion Science and R&D are now being reassessed.ClassifiedOne, and perhaps a key conclusion presented here, means that bothMobile telecommunication of safe links between flyers and combat drones (“UCAVs”) at increasingly deep penetrations into remote, congested areas, can gradually be purchased-developed-deployed and then operated by extant cader of tens of thousandsWe also provide 26 references [17–43] to a different, unclassified technology that enhances TV-inducedExpected benefits include anti-terror recoveries from emergencies, like forced landing on unprepared runways or highways, or recoveries from all airframe-hydraulics-outs, asymmetric ice on wings, landing gear catastrophes, and recoveries from pilot errors and bad-whether incidents [Rule 9(7)].

scholarly journals Simulation of the stress-strain state of a tubular billet during the expansion of its middle part using rigid die

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Д.А. Потянихин ◽  
А.А. Синельщиков ◽  
Ко.Х. Мин
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Cold Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Stress Strain State ◽  
Tubular Blank ◽  
Rigid Die

В работе представлены результаты моделирования в конечно-элементном программном комплексе ANSYS напряженно-деформированного состояния тонкостенной трубчатой заготовки из титанового сплава ОТ4 в процессе раздачи эластичной средой по жесткой матрице. Рассматривается осесимметричная матрица в виде тела вращения с криволинейной образующей. Задача решается в осесимметричной квазистационарной постановке. Конечно-элементная модель включает пуансон, матрицу, трубчатую заготовку, и эластичное рабочее тело. Пуансон перемещается в вертикальном направлении вниз, передавая усилие на деформируемую деталь через рабочее тело. Фрикционное взаимодействие происходит по закону Кулона. Проведен анализ напряженно-деформированного состояния детали в процессе формообразования. Исследовано распределение остаточных напряжений, упругое пружинение после снятия нагрузки и утонение стенок детали. Показана возможность получения детали типа «переходник» из титанового сплава ОТ4 холодным пластическим деформированием без нагрева заготовки. In this paper, the results of simulation of the stress-strain state of a thin-walled tubular blank made from titanium alloy OT4 in the ANSYS finite element software package in the process of expansion by an elastic medium in the rigid die are presented. The axisymmetric die in the form of a body of revolution with a curvilinear generatrix is considered. The problem is solved in an axisymmetric quasi-stationary setting. The finite element model includes a punch, a die, a tubular blank, and an elastic working body. The punch moves vertically downward, transmitting the force to the deformed tube through the working body. Frictional interaction occurs according to the Coulomb's law. The analysis of the stress-strain state of the deformed detail in the process of shaping is carried out. Distribution of residual stresses, elastic spring back after removal of the load and wall thinning of the detail are investigated. The possibility of obtaining the "adapter" type detail from titanium alloy OT4 by cold plastic deformation without heating the blank is shown.

scholarly journals A LITERATURE REVIEW ON SELF BALANCING IN LINE TWO-WHEELER (BI-CYCLE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanav Bhatia ◽  
Ankit Singla ◽  
Amit Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative Controller ◽  
Great Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Two Wheeler ◽  
High Degree

Bicycles are a global product and are present in every culture of the world. They are extensively used for travelling, they are pollution free and easy to manufacture. However, the stability is a great problem of concern while riding a bicycle. A two-wheeler is bound to fall after being tilted more than a certain angle of tilt. This paper aims to provide a literature review of the previously methods of achieving self-balancing condition in a bicycle. Further, up to 4 methods or de-signs have been broadly classified in this paper taking into account the previously published papers on self-balancing. Also, Gyroscopes are highly stabilizing de-vices which are used as stabilizing systems in ships and flight control of aircrafts. The goal of this paper is to finalize the best possible method for building a self-balancing twowheeler prototype capable of balancing itself using a gyroscope and PID (Proportional integral derivative) controller. The gyroscope will provide the necessary balance to the bicycle at the time of tilt. The idea of a selfbalancing bicycle can be further employed in the manufacture of driverless and driver operated automated two-wheelers respectively, with a high degree of road safety and road adhesion. Finally, this paper also covers the future scope and future techniques in the field of self-balancing

scholarly journals Parameters of the Planting Machine for Sugar Beet Sets

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
V.V. Mikheev ◽  
M. Szymanek ◽  
W. Tanas ◽  
P.A. Eremin ◽  
V.A. Kolos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Rotor Type

AbstractFor seed production of sugar and fodder beet, the creation of machines and working bodies for planting root crops on testes and pollinators is of current importance. It was found out that the seed-and-water production was spreading with the use of “schteklings” [sugar beet roots]. In the countries with minus temperatures between the vegetation seasons it is necessary to dig out beets and plant them again at the beginning of the vegetation season. Advantages and disadvantages of machines and apparatus for disembarking the schteklings were determined. Under the conditions of applicability, we chose a design scheme and a type of landing gear. With the use of mathematical expressions and standards for the labor intensity of the operator of the above machine, the optimal parameters of its planting apparatus were determined. It was determined that the work of the operator of the schteklings planting machine’s stem will meet the safety standards for the intensity of labor if the planting unit of this machine is a rotor-type. It should be equipped with planting cones and a charging device, a conveyor type. The number of holders of landing cones should be 6-8 pieces, and the radius of the rotor is within the range of 0.344 ... 0.382 m. Such a scheme, type and parameters of the landing gear will allow operators to work at the speed of the planter of up to 1.2 m·s−1.

Content and Distribution of Organic And Inorganic Carbon in the Urban Soils of Rostov Agglomeration

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Suleiman S. Tagiverdiev ◽  
Pavel N. Skripnikov ◽  
Olga S. Bezuglova ◽  
Sergey N. Gorbov ◽  
Denis A. Kozyrev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Natural Analogues ◽  
Comparison Pair ◽  
Diagnostic Horizons ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Native Soils

The content and distribution of organic and inorganic carbon along the profile in the soils of the Rostov agglomeration are considered. The results obtained on a TOC-L CPN Shimadzu carbon analyzer are evaluated using Student's t-test. The groups of some horizons of native soils AU rz, AU, BCA, C, as well as their buried analogues [AU], [BCA], [C] were compared. The analysis of the urbic horizons was carried out taking into account their particle size distribution, previously dividing into horizons clusters - heavy URh and light URl. In the [AU] horizon of soils buried under the anthropogenic stratum, a statistically significant decrease in the organic carbon content is observed, compared to the AU horizon of natural analogues. The middle part of the profile - the BCA and [BCA] horizons - is characterized by the greatest similarity in carbon content, both organic and inorganic, which suggests the lowest anthropogenic impact on these horizons. Significant differences in the inorganic carbon content in the comparison pair - horizons C and [C] are shown, and its content is higher in natural analogues (horizons C). The data analysis of the urbic diagnostic horizons did not reveal any significant regularities because of the high degree of variation of this indicator due to the genesis peculiarities of the anthropogenically transformed stratum.

Tissue section lifting for electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
Adrian F. van Dellen
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Specific Determination ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

The morphologic pathologist may require information on the ultrastructure of a non-specific lesion seen under the light microscope before he can make a specific determination. Such lesions, when caused by infectious disease agents, may be sparsely distributed in any organ system. Tissue culture systems, too, may only have widely dispersed foci suitable for ultrastructural study. In these situations, when only a few, small foci in large tissue areas are useful for electron microscopy, it is advantageous to employ a methodology which rapidly selects a single tissue focus that is expected to yield beneficial ultrastructural data from amongst the surrounding tissue. This is in essence what "LIFTING" accomplishes. We have developed LIFTING to a high degree of accuracy and repeatability utilizing the Microlift (Fig 1), and have successfully applied it to tissue culture monolayers, histologic paraffin sections, and tissue blocks with large surface areas that had been initially fixed for either light or electron microscopy.

Electron Microscopy in Molecular Biology

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Cecil E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Shadow Casting ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The visualization of organic macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and virus components has reached its high degree of effectiveness owing to refinements and reliability of instruments and to the invention of methods for enhancing the structure of these materials within the electron image. The latter techniques have been most important because what can be seen depends upon the molecular and atomic character of the object as modified which is rarely evident in the pristine material. Structure may thus be displayed by the arts of positive and negative staining, shadow casting, replication and other techniques. Enhancement of contrast, which delineates bounds of isolated macromolecules has been effected progressively over the years as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 by these methods. We now look to the future wondering what other visions are waiting to be seen. The instrument designers will need to exact from the arts of fabrication the performance that theory has prescribed as well as methods for phase and interference contrast with explorations of the potentialities of very high and very low voltages. Chemistry must play an increasingly important part in future progress by providing specific stain molecules of high visibility, substrates of vanishing “noise” level and means for preservation of molecular structures that usually exist in a solvated condition.

A High Angle, Double Tilting Cold Stage for the AEI EM7

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
P.R. Swann ◽  
A.E. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Habit Plane ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Drift ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Better Than

Figure 1 shows the design of a specimen stage used for the in situ observation of phase transformations in the temperature range between ambient and −160°C. The design has the following features a high degree of specimen stability during tilting linear tilt actuation about two orthogonal axes for accurate control of tilt angle read-out high angle tilt range for stereo work and habit plane determination simple, robust construction temperature control of better than ±0.5°C minimum thermal drift and transmission of vibration from the cooling system.

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