Optimization of the passenger car body base structure in order to increase energy intensity in a side impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Sulegin
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Loading Mode ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Base Structure ◽  
Residual Plastic Deformation

The paper considers the possibility of increasing the level of passive safety of the vehicle by development of solutions for strengthening the base of the body. The method to achieve this goal was mathematical modeling using topology optimization modules (Topology Optimization) as well as topographic optimization of sheet bodies of Altair Inspire software and LS-DYNA explicit dynamics of ANSYS. A side impact against a pole defined by UN ECE 135 was selected as the loading mode to test the effectiveness of the strengthening a body base. Efficiency criteria were energy intensity, defined as the ratio of the system energy to the residual (plastic) deformation at the level of the center of the door, and the residual living space. Based on the optimization results, three variants of the strengthening elements arrangement were obtained, one of which was further strengthened with aluminum foam. A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the considered strengthening options was performed using the simulation results. The most effective option (with transverse stampings and foam) allowed increasing energy intensity by 57.5%. The assessment of the residual living space was carried out, the cutting out of which turned out to be possible only by one strengthening option: with transverse stampings with foam.

scholarly journals Topological optimization of the roofing structure of a passenger vehicle to increase energy intensity in a side impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
D.A. Sulegin ◽  
◽  
V.N. Zuzov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intensity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Topological Optimization ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Foam Aluminum ◽  
Efficiency Criterion ◽  
Loading Mode ◽  
Residual Plastic Deformation

This article considered the main issues of finding options for strengthening the roofing of the ve-hicle body based on topological optimization in order to meet the requirements of passive safety with a minimum mass. The method for achieving this goal was mathematical modeling using the Topology Optimization modules of the ANSYS software package and the explicit dynamics of LS-Dyna. In order to test the effectiveness of the reinforcements, the pillar side impact according to UNECE 135 “Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to their perfor-mance in side impact on a pillar” was selected as the loading mode. The efficiency criterion was the energy intensity of the body, defined as the ratio of the energy of the system to the residual (plastic) deformation at the level of the center of the door. Based on the topological optimization, two vari-ants of the arrangement of the reinforcing elements, practically equivalent in efficiency, were ob-tained. For the most complete assessment of the influence of the parameters, several options for strengthening the roofing were considered: placement of steel reinforcing elements; placement of foam aluminum under the roof; combination of steel elements with filling their cavities with foam aluminum. Based on the simulation results, a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the considered amplification options was carried out. The most effective were the options for reinforc-ing the roofing with channel-shaped beams and filling them with foam and the option for reinforc-ing the roofing with channel-shaped beams and diagonal bridges in them, causing it to increase compared to the original structure by 20.88 and 19.94%, respectively, but at the same time the mass of the first option is 42 kg less than the mass of the second.

scholarly journals SURG-02. INITIAL MANAGEMENT OF HYDROCEPHALUS IN THE PEDIATRIC AND YOUNG-ADULT PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TUMORS; THE EFFICACY OF LONG-TERM INDWELLING EXTERNAL VENTRICULAR DRAINAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii461-iii461
Author(s):  
Shigeru Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiroaki Motegi ◽  
Yukitomo Ishi ◽  
Michinari Okamoto ◽  
Akihiro Iguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
External Ventricular Drainage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ventricular Drainage ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Csf Diversion

Abstract BACKGROUND Pediatric and Young-Adult (AYA) brain tumors often present with hydrocephalus. As temporary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedure, we perform long-term indwelling external ventricular drainage (EVD) in the case of the management of CSF diversion more than two weeks presumably. The aim of this study is to investigate the initial management for hydrocephalus in pediatric /AYA patients with brain tumor, especially about long-term EVD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients less than 30 years of age diagnosed with brain tumor between 2005 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Procedures of long-term EVD were similar to that of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) operation. Using flow-control VPS system, peritoneal catheter passed out of the body at the anterior chest, and distal end of the catheter was connected to standard EVD system. RESULTS In total of 345 patients with brain tumor, 109 had hydrocephalus at presentation. Among them, 25 patients (23%) underwent long-term EVD. The main reasons for selecting long-term EVD were to avoid intraperitoneal dissemination (n=13), and to maintain longer period of CSF diversion for the treatment of tumor (n=12). The median of long-term EVD was 38 days (range: 12 – 222 days). Although one case suffered from drainage tube occlusion at 59 days, there were no other complications such as infection or accidental evulsion. Eventually, 3 cases required permanent VPS for persistent hydrocephalus. CONCLUSION Long-term EVD is safe and effective option for CSF diversion. This procedure should be taken into consideration if patients have a risk of dissemination and may elude permanent VPS.

Topology Optimization Design of the Cantilever Base Structure on a Stiffened Cylindrical Hull

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Yuansheng Cheng ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Siming Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Base Structure

Topology Optimization of Rigid-Body Systems Considering Collision Avoidance

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Stöckli ◽  
Kristina Shea
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Rigid Body ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Graph Grammar ◽  
Automated Synthesis ◽  
Inertia Properties

Abstract Passive dynamic mechanisms can perform simple robotic tasks without requiring actuators and control. In previous research, a computational design method was introduced that integrates dynamic simulation to evaluate and evolve configurations of such mechanisms. It was shown to find multiple solutions of passive dynamic brachiating robots (Stöckli and Shea, 2017, “Automated Synthesis of Passive Dynamic Brachiating Robots Using a Simulation-Driven Graph Grammar Method,” J. Mech. Des. 139(9), p. 092301). However, these solutions are limited, since bodies are modeled only by their inertia properties and thus lack a shape embodiment. This paper presents a method to generate rigid-body topologies based on given inertia properties. The rule-based topology optimization method presented guarantees that the topology is manifold, meaning that it has no disconnected parts, while still connecting all joints that need to be part of the body. Furthermore, collisions with the environment, as well as with other bodies, during their predefined motion trajectories are avoided. A collision matrix enables efficient collision detection as well as the calculation of the swept area of one body in the design space of another body by only one matrix–vector multiplication. The presented collision avoidance method proves to be computationally efficient and can be adopted for other topology optimization problems. The method is shown to solve different tasks, including a reference problem as well as passive dynamic brachiating mechanisms. Combining the presented methods with the simulation-driven method from Stöckli and Shea (2017, “Automated Synthesis of Passive Dynamic Brachiating Robots Using a Simulation-Driven Graph Grammar Method,” J. Mech. Des. 139(9), p. 092301), the computational design-to-fabrication of passive dynamic systems is now possible and solutions are provided as STL files ready to be 3D-printed directly.

Redesign of an Adjustable Slope Moving Ground Plane Wind Tunnel

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Boots ◽  
Meagan L. Hubbell ◽  
Gerald M. Angle ◽  
Emily D. Pertl ◽  
James E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Test Section ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Ground Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Maximum Angle ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Base Structure

Ground effect is an aerodynamic phenomenon that occurs when moving bodies come in close proximity to the ground. A “cushion” of air is created underneath the moving body which provides additional lift by increasing the local pressure under the body surface. To experimentally test ground effect vehicles, a unique wind tunnel is currently being redesigned and constructed at West Virginia University. This wind tunnel incorporates a rotating belt as the ground plane and a centrifugal fan that generates the air flow through the test section in the same direction as the belt’s rotation. The combination of a rotating belt and airflow is used to mimic ground effect in that it is representative of a body moving through still air in close proximity to the ground. The test section and fan assembly sit on a platform that is connected to a movable base frame. The base and testing platform connect through a pivot point that is capable of being raised upward to a maximum angle of fifty degrees to account for gravitational vector alignment between modeled and real world conditions. When the platform is raised and the belt is spinning, the structure is less stable and has the potential to create errors in force readings due to these oscillations, as well as the potential to tip in extreme wind conditions. Thus, the evaluation of the original design and the subsequent redesign are addressed in this research effort. To stabilize the wind tunnel, additional structural elements have been added downstream of the test section. Two telescoping poles were added to the end of the platform that will connect onto outriggers attached to the base structure. These poles and outriggers will form an A-shape support system when the platform is raised to any degree between zero and fifty. The width of the outriggers was calculated and then modeled in conjunction with the existing base structure. The final design is presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Led Light in Epidermis Hyperpigmentation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ana Karoline Campos Araújo ◽  
Nicole Krystie Barbosa Naves ◽  
Florence Germaine Tible Lainscek ◽  
Sávia Denise Silva Carlotto Herrera ◽  
Livia Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Caribbean Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Skin Quality

Aging is a natural process that causes several changes in the body, especially the skin with the loss of tonicity and brightness, which makes frequent the search for longevity in society, and over time, dissatisfaction with the external image of the body worsens, so health care and skin have become a primary factor for self-esteem, social relations and quality of life. LED is a phototherapy feature that has been used for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation. This research aims within this spectrum to analyze the results of the effect of LED light on hyperpigmentation in the epidermis. Systematic literature review through bibliographic research in the electronic databases of the Virtual Health Library - VHL: Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS); Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Pubmed-NCBI and Google Scholar, using the descriptors: hyperpigmentation, LED light, bleaching, epidermis, rejuvenation, and aesthetics. We analyzed 5 original articles that present similar objectives among themselves, seeking to understand the use of LED in the bleaching of hyperpigmentation of the epidermis and its other beneficial effects on the skin. Because of the studies, it can be concluded that LED light is an effective option not only in the bleaching of epidermis hyperpigmentation but also in other aspects such as hydration, rejuvenation, viço, and skin quality.

Topology Optimization of the Caudal Fin of the Three-Dimensional Self-Propelled Swimming Fish

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
pp. 732-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Xin ◽  
Chuijie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Swimming Efficiency ◽  
Vorticity Flux ◽  
3D Topology

AbstractBased on the boundary vorticity-flux theory, topology optimization of the caudal fin of the three-dimensional self-propelled swimming fish is investigated by combining unsteady computational fluid dynamics with moving boundary and topology optimization algorithms in this study. The objective functional of topology optimization is the function of swimming efficiency, swimming speed and motion direction control. The optimal caudal fin, whose topology is different from that of the natural fish caudal fin, make the 3D bionic fish achieve higher swimming efficiency, faster swimming speed and better maneuverability. The boundary vorticity-flux on the body surface of the 3D fish before and after optimization reveals the mechanism of high performance swimming of the topology optimization bionic fish. The comparative analysis between the swimming performance of the 3D topology optimization bionic fish and the 3D lunate tail bionic fish is also carried out, and the wake structures of two types of bionic fish show the physical nature that the swimming performance of the 3D topology optimization bionic fish is significantly better than the 3D lunate tail bionic fish.

Additive manufacturing and topology optimization: A design strategy for a steering column mounting bracket considering overhang constraints

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622091771
Author(s):  
Sara Mantovani ◽  
Giuseppe A Campo ◽  
Andrea Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Isotropic Material ◽  
Element Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Automotive Body ◽  
Body In White ◽  
Overhang Angle

In the present paper, the use of the topology optimization in a metal Additive Manufacturing application is discussed and applied to an automotive Body-in-White component called dash. The dash is in the front area of the Body-in-White, between the left-hand-side shock-tower and the Cross Car Beam, and its task is to support the steering column. The dash under investigation is an asymmetric rib-web aluminium casting part. The influence of Additive Manufacturing constraints together with modal and stiffness targets is investigated in view of mass reduction. The constraints drive the topology result towards a feasible and fully self-supporting Additive Manufacturing solution. A simplified finite element model of the steering column and of the Body-in-White front area is presented, and the limiting assumption of isotropic material for Additive Manufacturing is discussed. The optimization problem is solved with a gradient-based method relying on the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization and on the RAtional Material with Penalization algorithms, considering the overhang angle constraint with given build directions. Three metals are tested: steel, aluminium and magnesium alloys. Topology optimization results with and without overhang angle constraints are discussed and compared. The aluminium solution, preferred for its lesser weight, has been preliminarily redesigned following the optimization results. The new dash concept has been validated by finite element considering stiffness, modal responses, and buckling resistance targets. The proposed dash design weighs 721 g compared to the 1537 g of the reference dash, with a weight reduction of 53%, for the same structural targets.

Structure Improvement and Experiment Validation for a Car Side Impact

2012 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Xi Long Sun ◽  
Deng Feng Wang ◽  
Fang Lu
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Impact Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Production Development ◽  
Experiment Validation ◽  
Structure Improvement ◽  
Body In White

A side impact simulation model for a car was built according to China New Car Assessment Programme(CNCAP) and the 120ms response of the side impact was calculated by Pam-Crash software. The side security performance of base model was evaluated with the assessment criteria for the side security which was defined base on the experience and development requirement. Because of the stiffness insufficiency of base model, the body side structure was improved by multiple optimizations to improve the side security performance of body-in-white. The optimal scheme was validated by the test results, and the side security performance satisfies the production development requirements. The reliability and accuracy of the side impact model were validated according to the comparison analysis of test and simulation.

scholarly journals NATURAL ELEMENTS IN THE CHINESE CONSTRUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Цзян Ли ◽  
Czyan Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
The West ◽  
Chinese Nation ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Psychological Point ◽  
Traditional Construction

When the term "Health" is gradually reinterpreted, the West proposes a new model: health is the sum of the States of the body, mind, society and the environment, and emphasizes the influence of the environment and society on the body and mind. The protection of the environment is the most comprehensive and all-round enabling factor for human health in human settlements, not only in the immediate period but also in the longer term. The importance of sunlight, microclimate, air quality is indicated. This paper lists methods for the rational use of natural light, air, water, energy and plants. They correspond to modern ecological standards of the environment favorable for the person, especially in design techniques and use of materials respect for the nature is shown, all of them Express care and attention to life. Tip: Chinese traditional construction not only meets the needs of people in the living space, but also from a psychological point of view, also has a beneficial effect. It is also a commitment to health and longevity that fully reflects the hard work and wisdom of the Chinese nation. Today, when environmental health is especially valued, the idea of traditional project philosophy will become the cultural core.

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