scholarly journals Revealing the diversity of Fusarium micromycetes in agroecosystems of the North Caucasus plains for replenishing the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of a Phytopathology

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 874-881
Author(s):  
N. S. Zhemchuzhina ◽  
M. I. Kiseleva ◽  
T. M. Kolomiets ◽  
I. B. Ablova ◽  
A. P. Glinushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
The State ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Phytopathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

In order to prevent crop yield losses from the most dangerous and economically important pathogenic organisms, it is necessary not only to monitor the virulence gene pool, but also to study the nature of pathogen variability and determine the potential for the emergence of new genes and races. This requires centralized collections of fungal cultures characterized by a set of stable strains to provide for phytopathological, immunological, breeding, genetic, toxicological, parasitological and other studies. The State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms of the ARSRIP is the State Depository of Phytopathogenic microorganisms that are non-pathogenic to humans or farmed animals. Currently, it has more than 4,500 accessions of plant pathogenic strains of fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasmas, and the collection is updated annually. For this purpose, the study of the inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity of genus Fusarium was carried out in agricultural systems of the Krasnodar Territory. In 2020, the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms was supplemented with 13 strains of Fusarium fungi isolated from tissues of winter wheat plants collected in several locations of the Krasnodar region. The complex of Fusarium fungi revealed on winter wheat usually included Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. lolii, F. graminearum, F. fujikuroi, F. sporotrichioides, etc. The effect of the preceding crop on the frequency of Fusarium species isolated from winter wheat was observed. After series cloning of collected isolates, 21 strains of different fungal species characterized by stable morphology traits and known pathogenic and phytotoxic properties were selected for collection replenishment. Significant differences in pathogenic activity were revealed between fungi belonging to either the same or different species; the manifestation of this activity varied from the absence of any effect of spore suspensions on seedling development to a complete inhibition of their growth. The phytotoxic activity towards wheat seedlings varied from medium to high. Species possessing a high intensity of phytotoxic activities are the most dangerous for wheat, since they promote accumulation of dangerous phytotoxins in plant tissues.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY AND GRAIN QUALITY OF THE NEW WINTER SOFT WHEAT VARIETY ‘IRIDAS’

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
N. A. Morozov ◽  
V. V. Ivanov ◽  
I. V. Samsonov ◽  
T. V. Ryabova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
The State ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Variety Testing

Winter wheat is the most important food crop, which has a significant share in the structure of the grain area of Russia. The production of high-quality wheat grain is limited by significant variation and sharp fluctuations of the soil-climatic and other factors both within the regions and through the years. All this negatively affects the amount of productivity and its quality. The development of new varieties with high productivity and at the same time high-quality grain and flour, regardless of growing conditions, is an urgent and present task for plant-breeding. The tasks in the selection work of the FSSP “Prikumskaya Experimental Breeding Station” to increase the adaptive traits were fulfilled due to the development of the new winter wheat varieties which combine better productivity and grain quality. In 2015–2016 the varieties ‘Kadril’, ‘Iridas’ and ‘Korona’ were given to the State Variety Testing. Due to the positive results of testing in the North Caucasus region the new variety ‘Iridas’ was included in the State List of Breeding Achievements in 2019. The variety was obtained as a result of individual selection from the hybrid population ‘Prikumskaya 140’ × ‘Kroshka’. During the years of the State Variety Testing (2017-2018) at the plots of the Stavropol Territory, the variety ‘Iridas’ showed productive advantages in the extremely dry and arid zones compared to the standard varieties ‘Grom’ and ‘Ayvin’ with an increase of 0.31–0.43 t/ha, respectively. The maximum productivity (10.79 t/ha) during the years of testing was obtained at the Stavropol SVTS. The variety’ Iridas’ produces large kernels with high baking characteristics. According to ARCVQE, quality indicators of ‘Iridas’ grain meet the standards for valuable wheat. The protein percentage in the grain is 13.0, gluten percentage is 30.4, IGD is 67.

THE CURRENT MIGRATION SITUATION IN THE BORDER REGIONS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS: ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Ruzanna V. Miroshnichenko ◽  
◽  
Anna Yu. Lukyanova ◽  
Svetlana A. Fedorova ◽  
Svetlana V. Nedvizhaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
The North

SCREENING OF WHEAT LR-GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA TRITICINA IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
G. V. Volkova ◽  
O. A. Kudinova ◽  
O. F. Vaganova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lr Genes ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
The North ◽  
Wheat Rust

Currently, more than 70 wheat rust resistance genes are known, but few of them are effective. The purpose of this work is to screen lines of Lr gene carriers for resistance to leaf rust under conditions of the North Caucasus region. Investigations were carried out in 2016-2018 at the infectious site of VNIIBZR. Research material was 49 near isogenic lines of winter wheat cultivar Thatcher. Infectious material was the combined populations of P. triticina, obtained as a result of route surveys of industrial and breeding crops of winter wheat in the areas of the Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories and the Rostov Region, conducted in 2016-2018. According to the assessment, the genes are ranked as follows: - highly efficient genes (plants with no signs of damage): Lr9, Lr42, Lr43 + 24 and Lr50; effective (1R-5R) Lr genes: 19, 24, 29, 36, 37, 38, 45, 47; moderately effective (10MR-20MR) Lr genes: 17, 18, 21, 22a, 28, 32, 41, 52. The remaining Lr-lines were susceptible to P. triticina (25 MR - 90S) to varying degrees. Highly efficient and effective genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr29, Lr38, Lr42, Lr43 + 24, Lr47 and Lr50 showed resistance in the seedling phase and can be recommended for inclusion in breeding programs to protect wheat from leaf rust in different phases of plant ontogenesis in the North Caucasus region.

Lectin activity of winter wheat seedlings affected by eyespot causal agent under the action of Bacillus subtilis 537/Б1 bacterial isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
M. Musiienko ◽  
L. Batsmanova ◽  
Ju. Pys'menna ◽  
T. Kondratiuk ◽  
N. Taran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Lectin Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Detrital subsidy alters the soil invertebrate community and reduces infection of winter wheat seedlings by Fusarium wilt

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 103914
Author(s):  
Anton A. Goncharov ◽  
Anastasia A. Glebova ◽  
Timofey I. Chernov ◽  
Mikhail M. Karpukhin ◽  
Natalia A. Kuznetsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Soil Invertebrate ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

scholarly journals Resistance of winter wheat varieties to tan spot in the North Caucasus region of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Yu. Kremneva ◽  
Nina V. Mironenko ◽  
Galina V. Volkova ◽  
Olga A. Baranova ◽  
Yuri S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Genotoxicity of triasulfuron in the wing spot test of Drosophila melanogaster is modulated by winter wheat seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 653 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eugenia Heres-Pulido ◽  
Samantha Lombera-Hernández ◽  
Irma Dueñas-García ◽  
Ivonne Perales-Canales ◽  
Laura Castañeda-Partida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spot Test ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

COLD HARDENING AND DEHARDENING RESPONSES IN WINTER WHEAT AND WINTER BARLEY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. POMEROY ◽  
C. J. ANDREWS ◽  
G. FEDAK
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Time Required

Increasing the duration of freezing of Kharkov winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) demonstrated that severe injury does not occur to plants at a freezing temperature (−6 C) well above the lethal temperature for at least 5 days, but progressively more damage occurs as the temperature approaches the killing point (−20 C). High levels of cold hardiness can be induced rapidly in Kharkov winter wheat if seedlings are grown for 4–6 days at 15 C day/10 C night, prior to being exposed to hardening conditions including diurnal freezing to −2 C. The cold hardiness of Kharkov and Rideau winter wheat seedlings grown from 1-yr-old seed was greater than that from 5-yr-old seed. Cold-acclimated Kharkov winter wheat and Dover winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) demonstrated the capacity to reharden after varying periods under dehardening conditions. The time required to reharden and the maximum level of hardiness attained by the plants was dependent on the amount of dehardening. Considerable rehardening was observed even when both dehardening and rehardening were carried out in the dark.

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