THE TREND OF CHANGES IN PRICES AND TARIFFS FOR UTILITIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SUGHD REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

The article discusses the features of the regulation of the housing and communal services market. It was noted that the housing sector is one of the key and plays a key role in human life. Utilities are highly dependent on a person’s well-being and health. The article presents an analysis of the growth in prices for utilities and housing, taking into account the available statistics. Also, in connection with the growth of paid services, including the cost of housing and communal services in the Sughd region of the Republic of Tajikistan, an analysis of wages and other economic indicators was carried out. In the article, the author explains the development of the industry with proposals for the reform of housing and communal services, the implementation of tariffs, the creation of management groups near residential buildings.

REASONS AND VALUE MOTIVATIONS OF MIGRANTS FROM MOLDOVA TO RUSSIA AND EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

In the article, the authors consider the main reasons and value motivations of migrants from Moldova to the Russian Federation and European Union countries. It is noted that today in the world, countries are classified into two types: «peripheral states», with an undeveloped economy and culture, to which the Republic of Moldova belongs, and «leading states» or countries where migrants try to move. Among the main causes of migration, the authors highlight such problems in the country as poverty, lack of jobs in the country of origin of migrants, unstable political situation and corruption at the state level, the desire to improve the quality and standard of living, the will of migrants to move to their relatives or to study in another country. The values of people directly depend of the economy of the country in which they live. Only when they gain material wealth, migrants begin to think about spiritual values.

MANUFACTURING SUBSYSTEM CONVERSION PROCEDURE BASED ON INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING CONCEPT

Maintaining the current model of building a business in the military-industrial complex (defense industry) does not allow concentrating the resources of enterprises producing final products on key competencies: R & D, assembly, sales and service, that is, at the main stages of the full life cycle of products that bring the most added value. On the other hand, the low load of auxiliary units of these enterprises, due to the mismatch of existing excessive production capacities with the volumes of the declining state defense order (SDO), makes the property and legal separation of such units relevant in order to optimize their economy. At the same time, the long-term orientation towards the main customer — the Ministry of Defense of Russia — as well as the peculiarities of economic legislation in the field of defense industry led to a shortage of market competencies among the personnel of defense enterprises and the inability to work in conditions of competition in the civilian product market. These circumstances limit the competitiveness of products, not only civilian, but also military. As a result, there is a contradiction between the objective need to mobilize resources to maintain the potential of the defense industry by diversifying its enterprises, increasing the competitiveness of products and the state of their production subsystems, which hinders the solution of these tasks. The article considers the main provisions of the author’s concept of reforming the production subsystems of defense enterprises based on the wide use of the principles of industrial engineering with an emphasis on the content of the procedure for their transformations, carried out using one of the modern methods for finding optimal solutions embedded in the theory of constraints(TOC).

EVALUATION OF HIGH-TECH PROJECT-ORIENTED COMPANIES BASED ON THE KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AS AN OBJECT OF MANAGEMENT

The aim of the study was to make regional comparisons based on the selected indicators of intellectual capital in high-tech project-oriented companies in Russia. To achieve this goal, three clusters of regions of the Russian Federation were developed using the k-average method for intellectual capital components in high-tech project-oriented companies, obtained as a result of implementing a factor analysis of three groups of indicators: human capital, information and reputation capital, and capital of intellectual labor achievements. The subjects with the highest and lowest levels of intellectual capital in high-tech project-oriented companies as an object of management are identified. The highest level of intellectual capital in high-tech project-oriented companies was registered in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tomsk Region, Khabarovsk Territory, and the Republic of Tatarstan. In these subjects, the highest values are noted for most of the selected indicators. The worst situation in terms of the level of intellectual capital in high-tech project-oriented companies was in the companies of the Republics of Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkess, Tyva and Chechen. The methods of correlation analysis, multidimensional classification, and data visualization were used as statistical tools in the research process. MS Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics application packages were used for statistical data processing.

TYPOLOGIZATION OF GLOBAL SHOCKS IN THE ECONOMY: ORIGIN, CONSEQUENCES AND IMPACT ON THE BUSINESS CYCLE

The article presents the author’s systematization of the types of global shocks in the economy, which allowed us to confirm the existing relationship between the effect of the global shock and its impact on the business cycle in a particular country, taking into account the occurrence of the crisis. The classification features that take into account the economic and non-economic causes of shocks, their duration, their impact on regions and industries, and on structural changes in the economy are identified. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the types of global shocks in order to improve the mechanisms of strategic management and state regulation in order to compensate for the fluctuations in the business cycle caused by these shocks.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICAL SECRECY

The problem of the interaction of the interests of the individual, society and the state, the determination of the limits of interference in the spheres of private interests of third parties exists in all states as their integral part. A number of problems have accumulated in the healthcare sector, and in general in matters of protecting the health of citizens of the Russian Federation, which require immediate resolution. The very idea of fundamental changes in healthcare is associated, in particular, with the COVID-19 pandemic, which showed that domestic healthcare, despite the fact that it generally copes with new threats, has turned out to be vulnerable in modern realities. The object of the research of this article is the legal problems of the definition of the institution of medical secrecy, the totality of social relations that may arise in the process of its legal regulation. The principles of protecting the health of citizens, the issues of defining medical secrets as a generic concept are considered, signs of such information and the grounds for its provision are given.

THE CONCEPT OF DIAGNOSTICS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF ECONOMY

The article is devoted to the development of the concept of diagnosing economic security of entrepreneurial activity in the context of the digitalization of the economy, which was preceded by a consistent solution of a number of research tasks: from determining the components of economic security of entrepreneurial activity (not repeating functional subsystems of enterprise management, but reflecting the scope of threats to economic security) to justify their impact diagnostic process in the context of digitalization of the economy. In this regard, a contour of the influence of the components of economic security of entrepreneurial activity on the process of its provision and diagnostics in the context of digitalization of the economy has been formed and justified, which served as the basis for the development of the corresponding concept. Within the framework of the presented study, a mechanism has also been developed for identifying and assessing threats to the economic security of entrepreneurial activity, considered as a set of elements of theoretical, methodological and practical blocks, the relationship between which is ensured by their functional justification and focus on achieving a single result through the implementation of a clear algorithm of the same name.

BUDGET SUSTAINABILITY MANAGEMENT OF SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS

The article examines the problems of the existing mechanism for managing the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the context of macroeconomic instability and new challenges, in particular, the coronavirus pandemic. The methodological basis of the article is the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogies, systemic and institutional approaches. The foreign approaches and experience of managing budgetary sustainability and quality of management in the long term are considered. Highlighted the best practices for ensuring the sustainability of the budgets of the subjects, taking into account the medium and long term. An algorithm for managing the stability of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Federation in modern conditions is proposed. The need for advanced improvement of modern tools to ensure the sustainability of budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the medium and long term through a responsible regional budget policy, taking into account global trends and global threats, as well as in the context of geopolitical and geo-economic challenges, able to take into account modern demands and requirements of the current legislation stimulating responsibility and performance of government authorities, as well as the development of independent initiatives in the aspect of increasing their own potential to ensure the sustainability of the budgets of the subjects, as well as optimizing inter-budgetary regulation, taking into account regional characteristics in the long term. A set of recommendations and tools for ensuring the sustainability of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the future, is proposed. Conclusions and suggestions can be used in the activities of federal legislative and executive authorities: when improving strategic and program documents in the field of assessing the sustainability of budgets, increasing the sustainability of budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

MODERN DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MONGOLIA

The purpose of this article is to find ways to improve the demographic situation in Mongolia. The paper analyzed the population size, the dynamics of the birth rate for 2019–2020, the socio-economic development of the state, determined the cause-and-effect relationships between changes in demographic processes and the search for ways to improve the well-being of the population of Mongolia.The main attention in the study was paid to socio-economic, general scientific and historical approaches to the study of the demographic situation, methods of comparative and statistical analysis were used.The article presents studies of transformation processes in the demographic situation, the search for solutions to the identified problems of demographic policy in Mongolia. the direct relationship between the growth rates of the country’s economic development and its demographic state is revealed, the trends of changing the demographic situation are determined.

AFRICANOPHOBIA IN PRC AND SYNOPHOBIA IN AFRICA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE PROBLEM OF ADAPTATION IN THE HOST SOCIETY

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a wave of xenophobia has risen around the world. Many countries around the world have begun to use the pandemic to promote all sorts of anti-immigrant sentiments by demonizing migrants. In the international media, there were reports of cases of infringement of the rights and attacks on immigrants from Asia, accused of spreading the coronavirus infection. In Russia, at the very beginning of the pandemic, there was discrimination against Chinese citizens. In African countries, anti-Chinese sentiments were widespread in countries long before the pandemic, and this is due to the dissatisfaction of local residents with the intensification of Chinese economic and political activity on the continent. Many African politicians use xenophobia as a way to fight for power. In China, during the pandemic, anti-immigrant sentiments intensified and they did not bypass African citizens. The PRC is trying with all its might to increase investment in its economy. This is what determined the main course of the PRC’s migration policy — attracting overseas Chinese and foreign specialists, who do not include African migrants. Therefore, Afrikanophobia in China is explained by the difficulty of integration and the presence of a large number of Africans who illegally live and work in China. The local community is dissatisfied with the unauthorized activities of African migrants. During the pandemic, the situation escalated and the Chinese authorities began to accuse Africans living in China of discrimination. However, under the People’s Republic of China Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Law of 2013, all foreigners were subject to control during the epidemic.