scholarly journals Gonadal Development and Sexual Dimorphism of Gobiomorus dormitor from the Estuarine System of Tecolutla, Veracruz, Mexico

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Hernandez-Saavedra ◽  
Jose Antonio Martinez-Perez ◽  
Nancy J. Brown-Peterson ◽  
Mark S. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Gobiomorus Dormitor

Transcription factor GATA-4 is expressed in a sexually dimorphic pattern during mouse gonadal development and is a potent activator of the Mullerian inhibiting substance promoter

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (14) ◽  
pp. 2665-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Viger ◽  
C. Mertineit ◽  
J.M. Trasler ◽  
M. Nemer
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Müllerian Inhibiting Substance ◽  
Coordinated Expression ◽  
Mullerian Inhibiting Substance

Mammalian gonadal development and sexual differentiation are complex processes that require the coordinated expression of a specific set of genes in a strict spatiotemporal manner. Although some of these genes have been identified, the molecular pathways, including transcription factors, that are critical for the early events of lineage commitment and sexual dimorphism, remain poorly understood. GATA-4, a member of the GATA family of transcription factors, is present in the gonads and may be a regulator of gonadal gene expression. We have analyzed the ontogeny of gonadal GATA-4 expression by immunohistochemistry. GATA-4 protein was detected as early as embryonic day 11.5 in the primitive gonads of both XX and XY mouse embryos. In both sexes, GATA-4 specifically marked the developing somatic cell lineages (Sertoli in testis and granulosa in ovary) but not primordial germ cells. Interestingly, abundant GATA-4 expression was maintained in Sertoli cells throughout embryonic development but was markedly down-regulated shortly after the histological differentiation of the ovary on embryonic day 13.5. This pattern of expression suggested that GATA-4 might be involved in early gonadal development and possibly sexual dimorphism. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that the Mullerian inhibiting substance promoter which harbors a conserved GATA element is a downstream target for GATA-4. Thus, transcription factor GATA-4 may be a new factor in the cascade of regulators that control gonadal development and sex differentiation in mammals.

Sexual dimorphism and gonadal development of the Australian longfinned river eel

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Walsh ◽  
B. C. Pease ◽  
D. J. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Gonadal Development

scholarly journals Normal Gonadal Development in Mice Lacking GPBOX, a Homeobox Protein Expressed in Germ Cells at the Onset of Sexual Dimorphism

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8197-8202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyoshi Takasaki ◽  
Tracy Rankin ◽  
Jurrien Dean
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Mouse Cell ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Embryonic Gonad ◽  
The Family ◽  
Homeobox Protein

ABSTRACT Gpbox is a paired-like homeobox gene that colocalizes with two other members of the family, PsxI andPem, on the proximal portion of the mouse X chromosome.Gpbox is expressed in the extraembryonic placenta and within the germ cells of the embryonic gonad. Beginning with the onset of sexual dimorphism (embryonic day [E]11.5 to 12.5), GPBOX transcripts accumulate faster in female than in male germ cells but disappear later in embryogenesis (E16) and have not been reported in adult tissues. To investigate the function of Gpbox, mouse cell lines lacking GPBOX were established using targeted mutagenesis in embryonic stem cells. Both homozygous Gpbox null female and hemizygous Gpbox null male mice were fertile and reproduced normally. Additionally, the development of male and female gonads in the null background was indistinguishable from that observed in normal littermates. The lack of an obvious phenotype raises the possibility that another member of this homeobox gene family provides the absentGpbox function.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Leptodactylus fuscus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) in the subtropical climate, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciéle P. Maragno ◽  
Sonia Z. Cechin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Size Factor ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Ovarian Size ◽  
Reproduction Activity

The aim of this study was to characterize, for the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, the reproductive biology of Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider, 1799), based on the analysis of gonadal development of males and females, reproductive effort, size-fecundity relationships, and occurrence of sexual dimorphism in body size. Mature individuals were found from October 1996 to February 1997 and from October 1997 to December 1997. The highest input of juveniles in the population was recorded in March 1997. There was a positive and significant correlation between the number of mature individuals and the mean monthly temperature. The population did not present sexual dimorphism in size. Males presented significant correlation only between snout-vent length and testes length. All females had oocytes at four different maturation stages and there were no significant correlations regarding size-fecundity variables. The correlation between ovarian size factor and females snout-vent length was not significant either. The main difference between this population and those that inhabit tropical climate was that temperature was responsible for stimulating the reproduction activity, instead of rainfall.

scholarly journals Immune genes,IL1βandCasp9,show sexual dimorphic methylation patterns in the zebrafish gonads

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Caballero-Huertas ◽  
J. Moraleda-Prados ◽  
S. Joly ◽  
L. Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Candidate Gene Approach ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Nucleotide Resolution ◽  
Sexual Control ◽  
Methylation Patterns

AbstractThere is a crosstalk between the immune and the reproductive systems in which sexual dimorphism is a common pattern in vertebrates. In the last years, epigenetics has emerged as a way to study the molecular mechanisms involved during gonadal development, which are responsible to integrate environmental information that contributes to assign a specific sexual phenotype (either an ovary or a testis). In the fish gonads, it is known of the existence of the reproduction-immune system interactions although the epigenetic mechanisms involved are far to be elucidated. Here, we used the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to study the DNA methylation patterns of two well-known innate immune genes:IL1βandCasp9. DNA methylation levels were studied by a candidate gene approach at single nucleotide resolution and further, gene expression analysis were carried out. Results showed that there was clear sexual dimorphism in the DNA methylation levels of the two immune studied genes, being significantly higher in the testes when compared to the ovaries. In summary, and although much research is needed, here we present two potential candidates as epimarkers with forthcoming applications in the livestock and fish farming production, for example, in immune fish diseases or sexual control programs.

scholarly journals The Impact of Exogenous Tetrodotoxin on the piRNAs and mRNAs Profiles of Gonads in Pufferfish Takifugu Flavidus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue He ◽  
Hexing Wu ◽  
Yaping Ye ◽  
Xiaolin Gong ◽  
Baolong Bao
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis ◽  
Pathway Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a deadly neurotoxin and usually accumulates in large amounts in the ovaries but is non-toxic or low toxic in the testis of pufferfish. The molecular mechanism underlying sexual dimorphism of TTX accumulation in gonads is complex and unclear. Piwi/piRNA complexes are essential for germline specification, gametogenesis, and gonadal development, they also demonstrate sexual dimorphism in teleosts. Hence, the present study investigated the expression of piRNAs and mRNAs by transcriptomics in cultured pufferfish Takifugu flavidus after intramuscular administration of exogenous TTX. The results showed 80 piRNAs were down-regulated and 223 genes were up-regulated in the ovary after TTX administration. By contrast, 286 piRNAs were down-regulated and 445 genes were up-regulated after TTX administration in testis. Functional and pathway analyses indicated that the TTX up-regulated genes were enriched in the Wnt, ErbB and GnRH signaling pathways in ovary, while were enriched in the oocyte meiosis, estrogenesis biosynthesis and cell apoptosis-related pathways in testis. Interestingly, these genes were also the potential target genes of TTX downregulated piRNAs. Amhr2 and cyp19a were also identified as sex-related genes, involved in TTX administration. These results showed a certain level of consistency with the enrichment pathway analysis, which indicated that the TTX could affect the expression of sex-related genes, and work as an inhibitor for the testicular meiosis, but as a promoting factor for ovary development through piRNAs in pufferfish. In addition, TUNEL staining showed that significant apoptosis was detected in the TTX treated testis, and the role of the cell apoptotic pathway was further confirmed. Overall, this research will contribute to an understanding of the piwi function in TTX sexual dimorphism accumulation in pufferfish and provide a basis for further studies.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

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