Genetic improvement of natural enemies: A review

Pests cause significant losses to crop production in India. Excessive and irrational use of chemicals for pest control not only degrades the environment but also affects the human health due to presence of pesticide residue. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is such a technology, which combines multiple ecologically safer and economically sound pest control methods. IPM being knowledge intensive approach to crop protection emphasizes appropriate decision-making based on knowledge of interaction of the crop, pests, beneficial organisms that prey on pests and whole lot of other information. IPM practitioners or farmers require timely access to the relevant pest management information/knowledge and expertise. So the improved methods of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as Decision Support Systems (DSSs) greatly help the farmers in accessing the pest management information and expertise. DSSs are software tools that support decision-making activities. They collect, organize, integrate and analyze all types of information required for decision making and finally use the analysis to recommend the most appropriate action. Many DSSs have been developed for in the field of plant protection by various public and private organizations in the country which have been elaborated in this review.

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Critical Success Factors for the Adoption of Decision Tools in IPM

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9110710 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 710 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rossi ◽

Sperandio ◽

Caffi ◽

Simonetto ◽

Gilioli

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Pest Management ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Critical Success Factors ◽

Success Factors ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Decision Tools ◽

Critical Success

The rational control of harmful organisms for plants (pests) forms the basis of the integrated pest management (IPM), and is fundamental for ensuring agricultural productivity while maintaining economic and environmental sustainability. The high level of complexity of the decision processes linked to IPM requires careful evaluations, both economic and environmental, considering benefits and costs associated with a management action. Plant protection models and other decision tools (DTs) have assumed a key role in supporting decision-making process in pest management. The advantages of using DTs in IPM are linked to their capacity to process and analyze complex information and to provide outputs supporting the decision-making process. Nowadays, several DTs have been developed, tackling different issues, and have been applied in different climatic conditions and agricultural contexts. However, their use in crop management is restricted to only certain areas and/or to a limited group of users. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art related to DTs for IPM, investigate the main modelling approaches used, and the different fields of application. We also identify key drivers influencing their adoption and provide a set of critical success factors to guide the development and facilitate the adoption of DTs in crop protection.

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CERTIFICATION SUBSIDIZING AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT

Scientific Review: Theory and Practice ◽

10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-4-580-593 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 580-593

Author(s):

M A. Bryzgalina ◽

Keyword(s):

Organic Agriculture ◽

Crop Production ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Organic Production ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Selling Price ◽

Saratov Region ◽

Annual Volume ◽

The Government

The demand for organic food is a prerequisite for the formation and development of organic agriculture, and the task of promoting it on domestic and foreign markets is among the priority ones. A serious problem in the sale of this category of goods to the domestic food markets of the country is the distrust of potential consumers. It is possible to solve this problem through certification and the use of a well-known brand. Certification of manufacturers of environmentally friendly products is a rather complicated and expensive procedure, therefore it is not available for most agricultural producers in the Saratov region. However, basing on the fact that today the task of developing the organic agriculture industry is set at the level of the government of the country, it is possible to solve this problem with the support of the state. The article examines the enterprises of the Saratov region of various legal forms, which do not use fertilizers and chemical means of crop protection in the production of crop production. Using the example of agricultural organizations and farms in the region, a mechanism for subsidizing certification of the most promising producers of organic wheat (winter and spring) is proposed, which includes the allocation of targeted subsidies for its implementation. As a criterion for the selection of applicants for this type of state support, as well as the distribution of budgetary resources between them, it is proposed to use the average indicator (potential) of the annual volume of organic production in the work. As a result, direct participants in certification subsidies were selected from the compiled sample of the studied enterprises that do not use chemical plant protection products and mineral fertilizers and the total annual volume of their marketable wheat was determined. The author determined the maximum cost of quality confirmation procedures for one enterprise, taking into account the increasing coefficients per one day of inspection, and also established the largest amount of budgetary resources that may be spent on the implementation of the proposed measure. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed certification subsidy mechanism, the author developed formulas for determining the selling price of products in the promising organic segment, taking into account its increase by the level of premium premiums.

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Plant health, plant protection and abiotic factors.

Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide ◽

10.1079/9781789244830.0010 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 170-195

Author(s):

Lynette Morgan

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Pest Management ◽

Pest Control ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Microbial Control ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Control Options

Abstract This chapter describes (i) major greenhouse pests (including insects, mites and nematodes) and pest control options focusing on integrated pest management (which involves the use of 'ofter' control options such as biological and microbial control combined with physical exclusion, pest trapping, resistant crops and other methods); (ii) selected diseases of hydroponic crops, including those caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses; and (iii) physiological disorders caused by non-living or non-infectious factors such as temperature, light, irrigation water quality and salinity, chemical injury (phytotoxicity), and cultural practices.

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Comparison of Spray Configurations in a Spray Cabin Design for Ornamental Potted Plants: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.11383 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 647-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ingrid Zwertvaegher ◽

Dieter Foqué ◽

Donald Dekeyser ◽

Stephanie Van Weyenberg ◽

David Nuyttens

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Spray Deposition ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Spray Application ◽

Concept Study ◽

Potted Plants

Abstract. With the implementation of integrated pest management in the European Union, growers are obliged to manage pests in a manner that minimizes health and environmental risks due to the use of plant protection products. Among other approaches, this goal can be achieved by optimizing spray application techniques. As an alternative to the predominantly used handheld equipment, such as spray guns, spray boom systems might substantially improve spray application, and thus crop protection management, in greenhouses. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to compare different spray configurations in a spray cabin designed to spray ornamental potted plants that are moving on a conveyor belt. Seven different spray configurations were examined for optimal spray deposition in two crops (azalea and ivy) using mineral chelate tracers. The deposition tests showed that the presented prototype can satisfactorily spray potted plants up to a height of 25 cm including the pot height. The best spray deposition was found with two flat-fan nozzles oriented 35° upward, spraying at 1.0 bar and an application rate of 1047 L ha-1. This configuration increased deposition on the underside of the leaves and at the middle foliage layer compared to the other configurations that were evaluated. The spray cabin with a band spray setting has potential to mitigate the use of plant protection products and achieve a more efficient spray application compared to traditional handheld techniques and broadcast spray boom techniques. Keywords: Crop protection, Integrated pest management, Nozzle type, Spray deposition.

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Adoption of Recommended Plant Protection Measures for the Management of Major Coconut Pests by Coconut Growers in Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka

CORD ◽

10.37833/cord.v34i1.26 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

W.G. Ruvani Subhathma

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Technology Adoption ◽

Pest Control ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Remedial Measures ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Limited Access ◽

Coconut Mite ◽

Two Factors

Coconut production in Sri Lanka is threatened by pest and diseases. Therefore, different remedial measures have been introduced by Coconut Research Institute (CRI) to safeguard the plantations. This study was carried out to determine the adoption of recommended plant protection measures to manage major pests of coconut by the growers in different land categories. The growers were selected from Kurunegala district, which is the major coconut growing district in coconut triangle in Sri Lanka. Findings of the study revealed that more than 70 percent of the growers in all land categories above 2Ac had adopted technologies recommended by CRI to control black beetle. Technology adoption was around 60 percent for red weevil control, around 30 percent for coconut mite and around 65 percent for plesispa beetle. It was also noted that the decision making on the adoption of different technologies is affected by the perceptions of the growers. Growers’ perception was determined by two factors, information receiving sources and occurrence of pest attacks in their fields. Further, it was found that the growers are having limited access to latest technologies in pest control. In addition, the study revealed that unawareness of technologies and low attention for coconut farming was the two major reasons for poor adoption of the recommended technologies. It is concluded that coconut growers in Kurunegala district require more awareness regarding recommended plant protection measures to manage major coconut pests and strengthen extension programes.

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Effective Decision Making for Knowledge Development in Higher Education

Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage - Global Practices in Knowledge Management for Societal and Organizational Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3009-1.ch018 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 382-399

Author(s):

Nwachukwu Prince Ololube ◽

Erebagha Theophilus Ingiabuna ◽

Undutimi Johnny Dudafa

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Decision Making ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Poor ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Effective Decision ◽

Effective Decision Making ◽

Types Of Information ◽

University Leaders

Making decisions is the most important task of university leaders or managers and it is often the most difficult task. This chapter offers a step-by-step decision-making procedure for solving complex problems. It outlines the concept of decision-making and processes for both public and private decision-making agendas, using different decision criteria and different types of information. This chapter also describes barriers to effective decision making and decisions that must be made in conditions of certainty and uncertainty. Using a descriptive and suggestive research design, multiple statistical procedures; the results revealed that the types, styles and barrier to decision making processes are significantly related to the poor quality management of higher education in Nigeria? It is therefore imperative that institutional leaders are thoughtful and precise decision makers. This study recommends that the process of decision making ought not to be reactionary, but systematically planned and swift as well as planning for the unanticipated and unintentional situations as they arise.

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Effective Decision Making for Knowledge Development in Higher Education

Research Anthology on Preparing School Administrators to Lead Quality Education Programs ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-3438-0.ch025 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 546-563

Author(s):

Nwachukwu Prince Ololube ◽

Erebagha Theophilus Ingiabuna ◽

Undutimi Johnny Dudafa

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Decision Making ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Poor ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Effective Decision ◽

Effective Decision Making ◽

Types Of Information ◽

University Leaders

Making decisions is the most important task of university leaders or managers and it is often the most difficult task. This chapter offers a step-by-step decision-making procedure for solving complex problems. It outlines the concept of decision-making and processes for both public and private decision-making agendas, using different decision criteria and different types of information. This chapter also describes barriers to effective decision making and decisions that must be made in conditions of certainty and uncertainty. Using a descriptive and suggestive research design, multiple statistical procedures; the results revealed that the types, styles and barrier to decision making processes are significantly related to the poor quality management of higher education in Nigeria? It is therefore imperative that institutional leaders are thoughtful and precise decision makers. This study recommends that the process of decision making ought not to be reactionary, but systematically planned and swift as well as planning for the unanticipated and unintentional situations as they arise.

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Cotton growing in West Africa.

10.1079/9781800620216.0010 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 185-215

Author(s):

Germain Ochou Ochou ◽

S. W. Avicor ◽

G. A. Matthews

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Pest Management ◽

Crop Production ◽

Crop Protection

Abstract This chapter focuses on the cotton growing countries in West Africa, including Cote d' Ivore, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Senegal, Benin, Togo, Francophone West Africa, and Ghana. Crop protection, pest management, and crop production of cotton are discussed.

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Talaromyces–Insect Relationships

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms10010045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Rosario Nicoletti ◽

Andrea Becchimanzi

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Crop Production ◽

Ecological Impact ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Ecological Relationships ◽

New Findings ◽

Increasing Trend

Facing the urgent need to reduce the input of agrochemicals, in recent years, the ecological relationships between plants and their associated microorganisms have been increasingly considered as an essential tool for improving crop production. New findings and data have been accumulated showing that the application of fungi can go beyond the specific role that has been traditionally assigned to the species, employed in integrated pest management as entomopathogens or mycoparasites, and that strains combining both aptitudes can be identified and possibly used as multipurpose biocontrol agents. Mainly considered for their antagonistic relationships with plant pathogenic fungi, species in the genus Talaromyces have been more and more widely reported as insect associates in investigations carried out in various agricultural and non-agricultural contexts. Out of a total of over 170 species currently accepted in this genus, so far, 27 have been found to have an association with insects from 9 orders, with an evident increasing trend. The nature of their mutualistic and antagonistic relationships with insects, and their ability to synthesize bioactive compounds possibly involved in the expression of the latter kind of interactions, are analyzed in this paper with reference to the ecological impact and applicative perspectives in crop protection.

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