Short Term Effects of Antimicrobial Agent Triclosan on Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852): Biochemical and Genetic Alterations

Background: Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent which enters into the aquatic environment through wastewater discharges which causes potential health risk in human and aquatic organisms. The present study aimed to determine the toxic effects of triclosan on Oreochromis mossambicus. Methods: The fishes were subjected to five different concentrations viz. 131, 262, 523, 1046 and 2092 µg.l-1 of triclosan for 96 h acute toxicity test. To evaluate the levels of enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S transferase, brain and liver tissues were collected, homogenized, extracted and stored at -20° for further analysis. The DNA damage was assessed in gill and liver tissues using single cell gel electrophoresis method. Result: In present study, the calculated 96 h LC50 value of triclosan in O. mossambicus was 740 µg.l-1 and the fishes showed various behavioural alterations. Time and dose dependent inhibition of AChE activity in brain tissue was observed during acute toxicity test. However, the GST activity in liver tissue increased on exposure to triclosan with significant increase in concentration of toxicant. DNA damage index was higher in gill tissue compared to the liver tissue during acute exposure to TCS which could cause detrimental effects in fishes.

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Anti-oxidative and immuno-hematological status of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) during acute toxicity test of endosulfan

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.pestbp.2010.10.003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Neeraj Kumar ◽

P. Antony Jesu Prabhu ◽

A.K. Pal ◽

S. Remya ◽

Md. Aklakur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽

Acute Toxicity Test

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Effects of atrazine and alachlor on self-purification processes in receiving streams

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0095 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 181-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jana Zagorc-Koncan

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Organic Substances ◽

Inhibiting Effect ◽

Scenedesmus Subspicatus ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Chlorophyll A Content

In recent years many waterways in Slovenia have been subjected to an increased loading with pesticides due to intensification of agriculture. The most widely used herbicides are atrazine and alachlor and they were detected in some rivers and even in ground water. Therefore the effects of atrazine and alachlor on selfpurification processes were investigated. The basic selfpurification processes studied were biodegradation of organic substances and photosynthesis and growth of algae. The inhibiting effect of pesticides on the process of biodegradation of organic pollutants was evaluated by the use of laboratory river model and mathematical modelling. The harmful impacts of pesticides on aquatic autotrophic organisms were assessed by measurement of net assimilation inhibition (24-h acute toxicity test) as well as growth inhibition - chlorophyll- a content (72-h chronic toxicity test) of algae Scenedesmus subspicatus. The results obtained demonstrate that atrazine and alachlor in concentrations found in our rivers have practically no effect on biodegrading heterotrophic organisms, while their adverse effect on algae is quite considerable.

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Dying for change: A roadmap to refine the fish acute toxicity test after 40 years of applying a lethal endpoint

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112585 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 112585

Author(s):

Ioanna Katsiadaki ◽

Tim Ellis ◽

Linda Andersen ◽

Philipp Antczak ◽

Ellen Blaker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Acute Toxicity Test

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Ceriofast™: An acute toxicity test based onCeriodaphnia dubiafeeding behavior

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1002/etc.5620150208 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 123-125

Author(s):

Gabriel Bitton ◽

Kimberly Rhodes ◽

Ben Koopman

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Acute Toxicity Test

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Study on the Safety of Mineral and Synthetic Oil Added Commonly Used Extreme Pressure Additives

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1386 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 430-432 ◽

pp. 1386-1389

Author(s):

Zhuo Jun Chen ◽

Long Long Feng ◽

Bao Liang Li ◽

Jin Jin Yue ◽

Ying Liang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Stimulation Test ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Base Oil ◽

Synthetic Oil ◽

Four Levels ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

This article use the Sulphide Isobutene (T321), Five Sufides Dialkyl(RC2540) and Star of Phosphorus(P110) as the additives,Neopentyl Polyol Ester(NPE) and mineral oil N32 as base oil. Compound above additives and base oil for the four levels. A sample: adding 4% T321 additive in NPE. B sample: adding 4% T321 additive in N32. C sample: adding 4% RC2540 additive in NPE. D sample: adding RC2540, T321 and P110 additives in NPE (all is mass fraction). The oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests were conducted in above samples. The test results show that. The mineral oil, it’s not only toxic then synthetic oil but also has a poor lubricating ability compare with the same percent additive in synthetic oil. In oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests, Toxic reaction of mineral N32+4%wt Sulphide Isobutene (T321) obviously from other oil samples.

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Acute toxicity test for the ethanolic extract of the white oyster mushroom

Medical Technology and Environmental Health ◽

10.1201/9781003016700-9 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-43

Author(s):

S.B. Rahimah ◽

Y. Kharisma ◽

M.K. Dewi ◽

J. Hartati ◽

W. Maharani

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Oyster Mushroom ◽

Acute Toxicity Test

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Evaluation on Toxicity Level of Terminalia catappa Leaves Extract on Selected Cyprinids under Different Bath Concentrations

Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science ◽

10.47836/pjtas.43.4.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Emi Fazlina Hashim ◽

Irence John ◽

Intan Faraha A Ghani ◽

Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Safety Margin ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Time Interval ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

High Concentration ◽

Terminalia Catappa ◽

Cyprinid Species ◽

Goldfish Carassius Auratus

This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) of Terminalia catappa leaves extract on three cyprinid species; carp (Cyprinus carpio), goldfish (Carassius auratus) and tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona) through the acute toxicity test. The leaves of T. catappa were extracted with methanol and prepared in various immersion concentrations (40, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mg/L). These extracts were immersed in the aquarium and left for 24 h before performing the acute toxicity test. The water quality was also analyzed before and after adding the extract immersions into the aquarium. The acute toxicity test conducted for 96 h with 10 fishes of each cyprinid species (4.0-6.0 cm length) in 30 L water capacity aquarium. The mortality of each cyprinid species was recorded at 24 h time interval and LC50 of the extracts throughout 96 hours was determined through the probit analysis application. Specifically, the LC50 of T. catappa leaves extract were 349.89, 338.65 and 318.48 mg/L exhibited for carp, goldfish and tiger barb, respectively. A high concentration range of any plant-based extract has the potential to become toxic to particular fishes. Thus, it is an effort from this study to identify the safety margin of T. catappa leaves extract before its therapeutic values can be further manipulated and elucidated in aquaculture research.

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Acute Toxicity Investigation of Landfill Leachates Treated with Fine Bubbles

Advanced Engineering Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.41.55 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 55-65

Author(s):

Hikmat Kasmara ◽

Desti Pratiwi ◽

Sundoro Yoga Azhary ◽

Eko Sulistyo ◽

Camellia Panatarani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Landfill Leachates ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

Fine Bubble ◽

Before And After

Landfill Leachates is one of the pollutants containing high organic matter and heavy metal which can cause toxic pollution to water due to less than optimal leachate processing. This study aims to introduce fine bubbles treatment to the leachate processing technology at the waste treatment facility at Sarimukti, West Java Indonesia. The toxicity test was conducted in the acute toxicity test and test for D. magna. The acute toxicity test was carried out using a static biological test according to APHA standards (1995). The LC50-48 hours ware calculates using the Finney Probit Analysis Software. The results showed that the effectiveness of Sarimukti TPA leachate treatment was 97.5% DO, 71% BOD, 86% TDS, and 74.8% turbidity. The XRF spectra on the leachate after fine bubble found a recovery of heavy metal elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, and Sn. Based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation, the effectiveness of leachate processing has reached the safe standard limit for pH, mercury, cadmium parameters. The acute toxicity of leachate before and after treatment fine bubble was 14.516 ppm and 11.178 ppm. The acute toxicity of leachate is considered almost non-toxic.

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