Seroprevalance of Canine Brucellosis and Toxoplasmosis in Female and Male Dogs and Relationship to Various Factors as Parity, Abortion and Pyometra

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Ergene ◽  
Bekir Celebi ◽  
Ibrahim Kucukaslan
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
North Cyprus ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Late Abortion ◽  
Canine Brucellosis ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalance of canine brucellosis and toxoplasmosis in female and male dogs and also determine the realtionship to various factors as parity, abortion and pyometra. Brucella canis is a disease of the reproductive tract that may cause late abortion, infertility and fail of conception with optimum insemination time in females and infection of the sexual organs in males. Toxoplasma gondii is an important obligate intracellular protozoan parasite which can affect all warm-blooded mammals and humans which may cause fatal diseases with severe problems, such as abortion. As a result, in this study B. canis was determined in low seroprevalence in some cases on the island (North Cyprus), T. gondii was determined as an important contagious parasite. Also reproductive parameters like parity, spaying, cyclicity could be important too and it was presented that extended evaluation of these factors is needed with further studies.

scholarly journals Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Aborted Fetuses of Sheep Using PCR: A Study in North Khorasan Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mitra Salehi ◽  
Hosein Nezami ◽  
Hamid Reza Niazkar
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects warm-blooded animals as well as humans worldwide. The purpose of this study was to delineate the prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in aborted fetuses of sheep in North Khorasan province, Iran. Three hundred and ninety-nine samples of the liver (133 samples), placenta (133 samples), and brain (133 samples) from 133 aborted fetuses of sheep were collected from 2015 to 2017. The ages of aborted fetuses were higher than 120 days’ gestational age in this study. According to the samples, sixteen out of 133 aborted fetuses of sheep were infected with T. gondii. Toxoplasma DNA was found in the placenta (68.75%) and liver (31.25%) samples of infected fetuses using the PCR method. The highest and lowest rates of Toxoplasma infection were observed during 2016 and 2017, respectively. Shirvan and Faruj provinces were recognized as the two most infected districts among others. There was a significant difference between the year and abortion rate in sheep due to infection by the Toxoplasma parasite (P<0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference between the prevalence of T. gondii infection and aborted fetuses was seen (P>0.05) in different areas. According to the present study, T. gondii infection can be one of the causes of fetus abortion of sheep in North Khorasan province, Iran.

ROLES OF IFN-γ ON STAGE CONVERSION OF AN OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PROTOZOAN PARASITE, Toxoplasma Gondii

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 405-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIHIKO YANO ◽  
HYE-SEONG MUN ◽  
MEI CHIN ◽  
KAZUMI NOROSE ◽  
KAZUYUKI HATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Stage Conversion ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

scholarly journals Initial phospholipid-dependent Irgb6 targeting to Toxoplasma gondii vacuoles mediates host defense

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e201900549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngae Lee ◽  
Hiroshi Yamada ◽  
Ariel Pradipta ◽  
Ji Su Ma ◽  
Masaaki Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite capable of infecting warm-blooded animals by ingestion. The organism enters host cells and resides in the cytoplasm in a membrane-bound parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Inducing an interferon response enables IFN-γ–inducible immunity-related GTPase (IRG protein) to accumulate on the PV and to restrict parasite growth. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which IRG proteins recognize and destroy T. gondii PV. We characterized the role of IRG protein Irgb6 in the cell-autonomous response against T. gondii, which involves vacuole ubiquitination and breakdown. We show that Irgb6 is capable of binding a specific phospholipid on the PV membrane. Furthermore, the absence of Irgb6 causes reduced targeting of other effector IRG proteins to the PV. This suggests that Irgb6 has a role as a pioneer in the process by which multiple IRG proteins access the PV. Irgb6-deficient mice are highly susceptible to infection by a strain of T. gondii avirulent in wild-type mice.

scholarly journals A selector of transcription initiation in the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Soldati ◽  
J C Boothroyd
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Intracellular Parasite ◽  
Transcription Start ◽  
Transcription Start Sites ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Parasite ◽  
Sag1 Gene

The recent development of an efficient transfection system for the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii allows a comprehensive dissection of the elements involved in gene transcription in this obligate intracellular parasite. We demonstrate here that for the SAG1 gene, a stretch of six repeated sequences in the region 35 to 190 bp upstream of the first of two transcription start sites is essential for efficient and accurate transcription initiation. This repeat element shows characteristics of a selector in determining the position of the transcription start sites.

scholarly journals The antifungal Aureobasidin A and an analogue are active against the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii but do not inhibit sphingolipid biosynthesis

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Q. I. ALQAISI ◽  
A. J. MBEKEANI ◽  
M. BASSAS LLORENS ◽  
A. P. ELHAMMER ◽  
P. W. DENNY
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Cyclic Depsipeptide ◽  
Aureobasidin A ◽  
Therapeutic Compounds ◽  
Sphingolipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, and toxoplasmosis is an important disease of both humans and economically important animals. With a limited array of drugs available there is a need to identify new therapeutic compounds. Aureobasidin A (AbA) is an antifungal that targets the essential inositol phosphorylceramide (IPC, sphingolipid) synthase in pathogenic fungi. This natural cyclic depsipeptide also inhibits Toxoplasma proliforation, with the protozoan IPC synthase orthologue proposed as the target. The data presented here show that neither AbA nor an analogue (Compound 20), target the protozoan IPC synthase orthologue or total parasite sphingolipid synthesis. However, further analyses confirm that AbA exhibits significant activity against the proliferative tachyzoite form of Toxoplasma, and Compound 20, whilst effective, has reduced efficacy. This difference was more evident on analyses of the direct effect of these compounds against isolated Toxoplasma, indicating that AbA is rapidly microbicidal. Importantly, the possibility of targeting the encysted, bradyzoite, form of the parasite with AbA and Compound 20 was demonstrated, indicating that this class of compounds may provide the basis for the first effective treatment for chronic toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Epichromatin is conserved in Toxoplasma gondii and labels the exterior parasite chromatin throughout the cell cycle

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
pp. 1104-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA VANAGAS ◽  
MARIA C. DALMASSO ◽  
JEAN F. DUBREMETZ ◽  
ENRIQUE L. PORTIANSKY ◽  
DONALD E. OLINS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
The Face ◽  
Surface Covering ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan intracellular protozoan parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, a disease with considerable medical and economic impact worldwide. Toxoplasma gondii cells never lose the nuclear envelope and their chromosomes do not condense. Here, we tested the murine monoclonal antibody PL2-6, which labels epichromatin (a conformational chromatin epitope based on histones H2A and H2B complexed with DNA), in T. gondii cultured in human fibroblasts. This epitope is present at the exterior chromatin surface of interphase nuclei and on the periphery of mitotic chromosomes in higher eukaryotes. PL2-6 reacted with T. gondii H2A and H2B histones in Western blot (WB) assays. In addition, the antibody reacted with the nuclear fraction of tachyzoites, as a single band coincident with H2B histone. In the T. gondii tachyzoite stage, PL2-6 also had peripheral nuclear localization, as observed by epifluorescence/confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Confocal analysis showed that epichromatin is slightly polarized to one face of the parasite exterior chromatin surface. In replicating tachyzoites, PL2-6 also labels the exterior chromatin surface, covering the face of both segregating nuclei, facing the plasma membrane of the mother cell. The possible role of epichromatin in T. gondii is discussed.

scholarly journals In Astrocytes the Accumulation of the Immunity-Related GTPases Irga6 and Irgb6 at the Vacuole ofToxoplasma gondiiIs Dependent on the Parasite Virulence

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Felix P. Lubitz ◽  
Daniel Degrandi ◽  
Klaus Pfeffer ◽  
Anne K. Mausberg
Keyword(s):  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Resistance System ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Common Infection ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Toxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite responsible for a common infection of the central nervous system. Interferon (IFN)γis the key cytokine of host defence againstT. gondii. However,T. gondiistrains differ in virulence andT. gondiifactors determining virulence are still poorly understood. In astrocytes IFNγprimarily induces immunity-related GTPases (IRGs), providing a cell-autonomous resistance system. Here, we demonstrate that astrocytes prestimulated with IFNγinhibit the proliferation of various avirulent, but not virulent,T. gondiistrains. The two analyzed immunity-related GTPases Irga6 and Irgb6 accumulate at the PV only of avirulentT. gondiistrains, whereas in virulent strains this accumulation is only detectable at very low levels. Both IRG proteins could temporarily be found at the same PV, but did only partially colocalize. Coinfection of avirulent and virulent parasites confirmed that the accumulation of the two analyzed IRGs was a characteristic of the individual PV and not determined by the presence of other strains ofT. gondiiin the same host cell. Thus, in astrocytes the accumulation of Irga6 and Irgb6 significantly differs between avirulent and virulentT. gondiistrains correlating with the toxoplasmacidal properties suggesting a role for this process in parasite virulence.

scholarly journals 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Restricts the Intracellular Growth of Toxoplasma gondii by Inducing SIRT1-Mediated Autophagy in Macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jina lee ◽  
Jae-Won Choi ◽  
Hye Young Han ◽  
Woo Sik Kim ◽  
Ha-Yeon Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Murine Bone Marrow ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Protein Deacetylase ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Target Effects

<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is an intracellular protozoan parasite that infects approximately one third of the human popu- lation worldwide. Considering the toxicity and side effects of anti-toxoplasma medications, it is important to develop effec- tive drug alternatives with fewer and less severe off-target effects. In this study, we found that 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4- HBA) induced autophagy and the expression of NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Interestingly, treatment of BMDMs with 4-HBA significantly reduced the number of macrophages infected with <i>T. gondii</i> and the proliferation of <i>T. gondii</i> in infected cells. This effect was impaired by pretreating the macrophages with 3-methyladenine or wortmannin (selective autophagy inhibitors) or with sirtinol or EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitors). Moreover, we found that pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 prevented 4-HBA-mediated expres- sion of LC3-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate (LC3-II) and the colocalization of <i>T. gondii</i> parasitophorous vacuoles with autophagosomes in BMDMs. These data suggest that 4-HBA promotes antiparasitic host responses by activating SIRT1- mediated autophagy, and 4-HBA might be a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document