Effect of sound exposure in the ambient environment of Hariana bulls on their plasma concentration of testosterone and cortisol hormones

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Yadav ◽  
RYajuvendra Singh ◽  
Garima Shukla ◽  
P. K. Shukla ◽  
R. Sirohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Sound Signal ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Environmental Sound ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Favorable Change ◽  
Three Phases

The present experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of exposure of musical sound signals of 100 and 150 beats per minute (BPM) and intensity below 85 dB, on plasma concentration of cortisol and testosterone hormones of Hariana bulls maintained at semen biology lab within the premises of Instructional Livestock Farm Complex (ILFC).The present experiment was carried out for a time period of three and half months (within autumn season) and was accomplished in three phases/conditions. To avoid individual effect of bulls, the same three Hariana bulls were used as experimental animals in all the three phases / conditions. During the first (control) phase of experiment, the bulls were not exposed to any additional source of sound except the normal environmental sound of semen collection site. In second and third phase, bulls were exposed to a musical instrumental sound signal of 100 and 150 BPM with intensity below 85 dB. All the three phases last for a period of one month (four weeks) one after other in continuation, but the third phase was started after a gap of three weeks from the second in order to nullify the persistent effect of sound exposure to bulls during second phase of investigation. The mean values of cortisol and testosterone of Hariana bulls at no exposure, sound signal of 100 and 150 BPM were 35.30±1.82, 37.71±1.82 and 34.87±1.82; and 2.54±0.09, 2.49±0.09 and 2.72±0.09, respectively. In the present study it was observed that the trend of a non significant increase in plasma concentration of testosterone and a non significant decrease in plasma concentration of cortisol as a consequence of this exposure indicated that exposure of a sound signal of 150 BPM with intensity below 85 dB, caused a favorable change in plasma concentration of sex (testosterone) and stress (cortisol) hormones, which might have been associated with better reproductive efficiency of Hariana bulls.

Effect of exposure of sound signals in semen collection areaon quantity and quality of semen in Hariana bulls

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Yadav ◽  
Yajuvendra Singh ◽  
Garima Shukla ◽  
P. K. Shukla ◽  
Muneendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Sound Signal ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Environmental Sound ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Middle Piece ◽  
Biology Lab

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two different beats {100 and 150 BPM (Beat Per Minute)} of musical sound signals {intensity below 85 dB(decibel)} on reproductive performance of Hariana bulls maintained at semen biology lab of DDD (District Dairy Demonstration) Farm within the premises of Instructional Livestock Farm Complex (ILFC). The present experiment was carried out for an aggregate time period of three and half months (within autumn season) and was accomplished in three phases. Same four Hariana bulls were used as experimental animals in three different phases of experiments to avoid individual effect of bulls as well as to overcome the limitations of limited numbers of bulls. During the first (control) phase of experiment the bulls were not exposed to any additional source of sound (T1) except the normal environmental sound in the semen collection area. In second and third phase, bulls were exposed to a musical instrumental sound signal of 100 (T2) and 150 (T3) BPM with intensity below 85 dB. Each phase of the experiment was done for a period of one month (four weeks) one after another in continuation but the third phase was started after a gap of three weeks from the second in order to cancel out the persistent effect of sound exposure to bulls during second phase of investigation. The effect of exposure of sound signals on volume (6.58±0.29) ml, concentration (1018.72±49.92) millions/ml, mass (3.98±0.07) and progressive motility (72.97±0.80%), head (1.93±0.21%), middle piece (0.63±0.15%), and tail (2.56±0.28%) of sperm and HOST (79.22±0.69) was highly significantly better (P is less than 0.01), with an exposure of a sound signal of 150 BPM with intensity below 85 dB.

A Three-Phase Supply

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Jim Powell
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
British Government ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Three Phases ◽  
Cotton Trade

This chapter describes the three phases of the war as experienced by the British cotton trade. The first phase (November 1860 to end June 1862) was characterised by a complacency in the trade, which expected neither a civil war nor a cotton scarcity. The Confederacy’s King Cotton strategy and its failure are examined, as well as British public opinion and British government policy. During the second phase (July 1862 to end August 1864), the full scale of the catastrophe was belatedly recognised and prices soared. Cotton speculation in the Liverpool market became endemic. A price collapse in September 1864 marked the end of the phase. Thereafter, confusion was widespread and prices oscillated violently, as did speculation. This third phase arguably lasted until 1876. The chapter concludes that the civil war period in Liverpool can best be seen as an extended series of bets on whether a war would start and how long it would last.

Teaching about Psychological Perspectives on Abortion

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-204
Author(s):  
Edith Greene
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Group Presentations ◽  
Introductory Phase ◽  
Three Phases

This article describes an undergraduate course on abortion, one of the most contentious social issues of our time. The course focuses on the psychological aspects of abortion for adolescents and women who choose legal abortions, the consequences of denied abortions on unwanted children, and psychological ramifications of alternatives to abortion. Three phases of the course are described. In the introductory phase, I lectured on how scientific evidence about abortion is derived and should be scrutinized. In the second phase, students read and discussed historical and legal writings on abortion. In the third phase, students wrote analytical papers and gave group presentations. Evaluations of the course are included.

scholarly journals Embedded Devices Security Based on ICMetric Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khattab M. Ali Alheeti ◽  
Duaa Al_Dosary ◽  
Salah Sleibi Al-Rawi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Security System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Trace File ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intelligent Wheelchair ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Three Phases

An intelligent wheelchair application is required which is equipped with the MEMSs which are magnetometer, gyroscope, and accelerometer sensors. The generated process of ICMetrics number is heavily based on magnetometer, gyroscope, and accelerometer sensors. In addition, this number can be utilised to provide the identification of device. Our proposed system passed through three phases. The first phase is bias reading that was extracted from MEMSs (gyroscope, magnetometer, and accelerometers) sensors; whereas, in the second phase, ICMetric number is generated by using the sensor bias readings that was extracted in the first phase. Therefore, this number is non-stored and can be utilised to provide identification of device. In the third phase, the security system is tested/evaluated to measure its effectivity. In other words, it is tested with dataset that was extracted from the trace file of ns-2. In this phase, performance metrics are calculated, which are rate of error, confused metrics, and accuracy.

Developing a multilingual dictionary of touristic-cultural terms (with Croatian as the source language)

Babel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Lončar ◽  
Anita Pavić Pintarić
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Tourism Professionals ◽  
Target Languages ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
Three Phases

Abstract This paper deals with the challenge of developing a multilingual dictionary of touristic-cultural terms with Croatian as the source language, based on the principles of lexicography which include the rigorous metalexicographic methodology and the practical needs of users (tourism professionals, managers, teachers, and students of philological careers, as well as those related to tourism and hospitality). The project, broadly speaking, is divided into three phases. The current, first phase of research includes the elaboration of a corpus comprising a series of terms, simple units, or expressions from different areas with special attention to the realia of the source language, which do not exist in the target languages (German, English, Spanish and others). The second phase will involve the lemmatization of entries, their classification, the elaboration of appendices, and the modeling of parameters and definers that will be used in the lexicographical definition. The third phase covers the elaboration of the microstructure. At this stage, special emphasis will be placed on the type of lexicographic definitions (and their combinations) that will be used in the dictionary. It is expected that the dictionary would have photographic materials under copyright.

scholarly journals A ten year analysis of maternal deaths in a tertiary hospital using the three delays model

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo’men M. Mohammed ◽  
Saad El Gelany ◽  
Ahmed Rida Eladwy ◽  
Essam Ibrahium Ali ◽  
Mohamed T. Gadelrab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Phase Delay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Three Delays ◽  
Three Phases

Abstract Background Reducing maternal mortality ratios (MMRs) remain an important public health issue in Egypt. The three delays model distinguished three phases of delay to be associated with maternal mortality: 1) first phase delay is delay in deciding to seek care; 2) second phase delay is delay in reaching health facilities; and 3) third phase delay is delay in receiving care in health facilities. Increased health services’ coverage is thought to be associated with a paradigm shift from first and second phase delays to third phase delay as main factor contributing to MMR. This study aims to examine the contribution of the three delays in relation to maternal deaths. Methods During a 10 year period (2008–2017) 207 maternal deaths were identified in a tertiary hospital in Minia governorate, Egypt. Data were obtained through reviewing medical records and verbal autopsy for each case. Then data analysis was done in the context of the three delays model. Results From 2008 to 2017 MMR in this hospital was 186/100.000 live births. Most frequent causes of maternal mortality were postpartum hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and sepsis. Third phase delay occurred in 184 deaths (88.9%), second phase delay was observed in 104 deaths (50%), always together with other phases of delay. First phase delay alone was observed in 13 deaths (6.3%) and in 82 deaths (40%) with other phases of delay. One fifth of the women had experienced all three phases of delay together. Major causes of third phase delay were delayed referral from district hospitals, non-availability of skilled staff, lack of blood transfusion facilities and shortage of drugs. Conclusions There is a paradigm shift from first and second phases of delay to the third phase of delay as a major contributor to maternal mortality. Reduction of maternal mortality can be achieved through improving logistics, infrastructure and health care providers’ training. Trial registration This study is a retrospective study registered locally and approved by the ethical committee of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Minia University Hospital on 1/4/2016 (Registration number: MUEOB0002).

Relationships between Cardiac Output, Heart Rate and Blood Volume in Essential Hypertension

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Chau ◽  
M. E. Safar ◽  
Y. A. Weiss ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
A. Ch. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Cardiac Haemodynamics

1. Cardiac haemodynamics were determined in 196 male untreated subjects, comprising 98 normotensive individuals and 98 hypertensive patients of the same age. 2. In order to study the haemodynamic change in hypertension, a new methodology was proposed. The whole population was classified by increasing diastolic pressures and divided into overlapping subgroups. From subgroup to subgroup, mean values of different haemodynamic variables were plotted against mean values of diastolic pressures. Three phases could be observed in the changes of these variables. In the first phase (for mean diastolic pressures under about 80 mmHg), the rise in pressure was associated with a decrease in blood volume and with an increase both in cardiac output and heart rate. In the second phase (for mean diastolic pressures between 80 mmHg and 95 mmHg approximately), heart rate, cardiac output and blood volume remained at the same values. In the third phase (for mean diastolic pressure above approximately 95 mmHg), heart rate remained elevated while the rise in pressure was associated with a decrease both in cardiac output and blood volume. 2. In the same subgroups, the correlations between cardiac output and heart rate and between cardiac output and blood volume were studied. The correlation between cardiac output and heart rate was significant only in normotensive ranges while the correlation between cardiac output and blood volume was significant only in hypertensive ranges. 3. Classical statistical tests, performed in distinct subgroups, confirmed the above observations on the changes of mean values and correlations. 5. The study provided evidence that cardiac output was predominantly controlled by neural mechanisms within the normotensive range and by volume mechanisms within the hypertensive range.

scholarly journals The first level of St. Bonaventure’s transcendent Aesthetics: Contemplating God as the pure, primary Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Salvador-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
First Principle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Three Phases

St. Bonaventure asserts that man can ascend contemplatively to God through three phases. The first one is to contemplate God outside us by appreciating the corporeal things as vestiges of the deity: this is the “immanent” phase of Bonaventure’s Aesthetics, framed by the first and second stages of contemplation of God. The second phase consists of entering into our soul, as a spiritual image of God: this intermediate phase, in which we can contemplate God inside ourselves by his image in our soul, constitutes the Seraphic’s “introspective” Aesthetics, with the third and fourth stages of contemplation of God. In the third phase, man, transcending the vestiges in objects and the image of the deity in his soul, elevates himself to God, contemplating him as the spiritual and eternal First Principle: that third phase constitutes the Bonaventure’s “transcendent” Aesthetics, in which man can contemplate God considering his essential attributes (fifth stage) and his personal properties (sixth stage). The current article aims to highlight this fifth stage of Bonaventure’s Aesthetics. To achieve this goal, we analyze step by step the reasoning that, to prove his thesis, our author exposes in Chapter 5 of his Itinerarium mentis in Deum.

scholarly journals Applied Technique for Utilizing Total Station in Monitoring Differential Settlement

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-343
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aldelgawy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Time ◽  
Differential Settlement ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Vertical Movements ◽  
Total Station ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
The Right ◽  
Three Phases

Recently, many problems regarding differential settlement for newly constructed buildings in Fayoum city, Egypt have been monitored. This research presents an applied technique for utilizing total station in observing horizontal and vertical movements happening by time for some building in Fayoum city. The building was monitored for thirty three months divided into three phases. In the first phase, façade of building was observed for four and half months to monitor differential settlement and take the right decision for resolving differential settlement problem. The second phase was the execution of that decision. Time for second phase was four and half months. Finally, in the third phase façade of building was reobserved for two years in order to make sure that the movement of façade points was stopped. The obtained results showed that the used technique provided a powerful and efficient tool to observe movements of façade points by time.

DISTRIBUTED ALGORITHM FOR MULTIMESSAGE MULTICASTING

2000 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEOFILO F. GONZALEZ
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Algorithm ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Problem Instance ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Global Information ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Communication Time ◽  
Fully Connected ◽  
Three Phases

We consider the multimessage multicasting over the n processor complete (or fully connected) static network when the forwarding of messages is allowed, and initially each processor only knows the messages it needs to send and their destinations. We present an efficient distributed algorithm to route the messages for every degree d problem instance with total expected communication time O(d + log n), where d is the maximum number of messages that each processor may send (or receive). Our routing algorithm consists of three phases. In the first phase the processors exchange messages to learn some basic global information. In the second phase each processor forwards its messages to transform the problem to a multimessage unicasting problem of degree d. The third phase uses a well known distributed algorithm to transmit all the resulting unicasting messages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document