Comparative biological sensitivity and mutability of chemo-mutagens in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafiq Wani
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Alkylating Agent ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Respiratory Inhibitor ◽  
Ethylmethane Sulphonate ◽  
Dose Dependent

Present investigation was carried out using three different categories of chemical mutagens viz., ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS)–an alkylating agent, hydrazine hydrate (HZ)–a base analogue and sodium azide (SA) – a respiratory inhibitor on two varieties viz., Pant L-406 and Type-8 of lentil to study the immediate biological damage induced by the mutagens and to determine the sensitivity of biological material in question. Biological damage induced in M1 generation was estimated in terms of seed germination, seedling height and pollen fertility. A dose dependent reduction with increasing concentrations of the mutagens for all these parameters was observed in both the varieties. The inhibition was more severe at the highest concentration of all the three mutagens under study. Variety Type-8 was found to be more sensitive than the var. Pant L-406 with respect to the mutagens utilized. Reduction in seed germination, seedling growth and pollen fertility in M2 generation was reasonably less as compared to M1 generation.

scholarly journals Effects of Sand Burial Depth on Xanthium Spinosum Seed Germination and Seedling Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuanyuan Tao ◽  
Tian-cui Sang ◽  
Jun-jie Yan ◽  
Yun-xia Hu ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Sand Burial ◽  
Emergence Rate

Abstract different sand burial depths on seed germination, seedling emergence, growth and biomass allocation were studied to provide a scientific basis for further control of X. spinosum. Six sand burial depths (1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 cm) were established to explore the response of X. spinosum seed germination and seedling growth to sand burial. The first emergence time, peak emergence time, emergence rate, seedling growth height, biomass and biomass distribution of X. spinosum seeds had significant effects at different sand burial depths (P < 0.05). The X. spinosum seeds had the highest emergence rate (71.5%) at 1 cm sand burial and the maximum seedling height (7.1 cm). As sand burial depth increased, the emergence rate and seedling height gradually decreased, and the emergence rate (12.25%) and seedling height (2.9 cm) were lowest at 9 cm sand burial. The root length at 9 cm depth (13.6 cm) was significantly higher than that at other sand depths (P < 0.05). The sand burial depth affected the biomass accumulation and distribution of X. spinosum. As sand burial depth increased, the root biomass and rhizome ratio increased, and the most deeply buried seedlings allocated more biomass for root growth. The optimal sand burial depth for seed germination and seedling growth of X. spinosum was 1–3 cm, and high burial depth (5–9 cm) was not conducive to the germination and growth of X. spinosum seedlings. For prevention and control of X. spinosum, we suggest deeply ploughing crops before sowing to ensure X. spinosum seeds are ploughed into a deep soil layer.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Induced Mutagenesis Study for Identifying Lethality Dose in Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum L.) Var. Co - 4

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Umavathi ◽  
L. Mullainathan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Mutagenesis Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The present study was conducted in order to determine the effect of gamma rays and EMS on seed germination, Seedling height and root length in chick pea to identify the lethal dose (LD50). In this regard, the healthy seeds of chick pea was subjected to different doses/concentrations of gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60kR) and EMS (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50mM) for inducing mutation. The effect of gamma rays and EMS was determined by measuring the seed germination, seedling height and root length under the conditions of the M1 generation. The results shows that, the seed germination, seedling height and root length were significantly decreased with increasing doses/concentrations. The LD50 values were observed based on the growth reduction of seedlings after treatments with mutagen. The effective doses/concentrations which caused 50% growth reduction were observed in 40kR in gamma rays and 30mM in EMS.

scholarly journals The counteracting effect of potassium cyanide in sodium azide-inhibited germination of Paulownia tomentosa  Steud. seeds

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Zivkovic ◽  
Dragoljub Grubisic ◽  
Zlatko Giba ◽  
Radomir Konjevic
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Light Pulse ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Escape Time ◽  
Paulownia Tomentosa ◽  
Respiratory Inhibitors

The effect of some respiratory inhibitors on light-induced Paulownia tomentosa Steud. seed germination was studied. Millimolar solution of sodium azide was sufficient to completely prevent germination induced by a 5-min red light pulse. The inhibitory effect of azide was absent if seeds were rinsed before phytochrome activation by light. Sodium azide was effective only if present in the period of Pfr activity. The escape time from azide inhibition compared to the escape from far-red light action, was delayed for about 24 hours. When azide was applied after phytochrome activation, its effect depended on how long it was present in the incubation medium. The removal of azide allowed full restoration of germination by another red light pulse and the far-red escape time did not differ from the escape of untreated, i.e. water-imbibed seeds. Potassium cyanide alone did not produce any effect in light-stimulated germination of these seeds. However, it counteracted the inhibitory effect of azide in light-stimulated germination, if applied simultaneously at a concentration three times higher.

Genetic basis of dormancy and differential response to sodium azide in Avena fatua seeds

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jana ◽  
M. K. Upadhyaya ◽  
S. N. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Respiratory Inhibitor ◽  
Pure Lines

Seven crosses, involving either nondormant × dormant or dormant × dormant pure lines of wild oats (Avena fatua L.), were made. Selfing of the hybrid and further hybridization were carried out to produce the F2 and reciprocal backcross generations. The seed germination time-course curves of the parents, their F1, and segregating generations over a 20-week period were studied. Differences in time course of germination in these generations were interpreted in terms of a minimum of three interacting loci. Two pure lines, AN51 and MO73, differed in their response to sodium azide, a respiratory inhibitor, with the former being more responsive. In crosses between these lines, the F1 seeds were also more responsive when AN51 was used as the maternal parent. This differential response of two dormant pure lines and their reciprocal F1s suggests maternal influence in germination response to sodium azide.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effects of Essential Oils on Seed Germination of Barley and Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2728
Author(s):  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova ◽  
Tess Astatkie
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Wheat Germination ◽  
Radicle Length

In this study, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of essential oils (EOs) from six different plant species, namely, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), English thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lovage (Levisticum officinale), costmary (Chrysanthemum balsamita), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum), on seed germination and seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). The main constituents of the EOs of L. angustifolia were 47.0% linalool acetate and 28.4% linalool; H. officinalis’ main constituents were 39.8% cis-pinocamphone, 9.8% trans-pinocamphone, 11.4% β-pinene, and 7.5% β-phellandrene; T. vulgaris’ were 38.2% para-cymene, 25.6% thymol, and 13.6% γ-terpinene; L. officinale’s were 64.8% α-terpinyl acetate and 14.7% β-phellandrene; C. balsamita’s were 43.7% camphor, 32.4% trans-thujone, and 11.6% camphene; C. cyminum’s were 49.6% cumin aldehyde, 10.4% para-cymene, 11.6% α-terpinen-7-al, and 9.1% β-pinene. All six EOs exhibited an allelopathic effect and suppressed the seed germination and seedling development of wheat and barley; however, the concentrations that exhibited a suppressing effect were different among the plants. C. cyminum EO completely suppressed both barley and wheat germination at 10-, 30-, and 90-µL application rates, making it the most effective treatment among the tested EOs. C. balsamita’s and H. officinalis’ EOs at 30 and 90 µL application rates completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). L. angustifolia’s EOs at 30- and 90-µL and T. vulgaris’ EO at 90 µL application rates also completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). C. balsamita’s, H. officinalis’, L. angustifolia’s, and T. vulgaris’ EOs at a 10 µL application rate reduced barley radicle length, seedling height, and % germination relative to the control. Wheat seed germination % was completely suppressed by the application of L. angustifolia’s and T. vulgaris’ EOs at 30 and 90 µL, while T. vulgaris’ EO at 10 µL rate reduced the germination relative to the control. Interestingly, C. balsamita and H. officinalis at 10 µL did not reduce wheat germination; however, they did reduce the number of radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), germination (%), and vigor index. Furthermore, L. officinale’s EO reduced the measured indices (radicles per seed, radicle length, seedling height, and vigor index) at the 10, 30, and 90 µL application rates relative to the non-treated control; however, none of the application rates of L. officinale’s EO had a suppression effect on wheat germination. This study demonstrated the allelopathic effects of the EOs of six different herbal plant species on seed germination of barley and winter wheat. The results can be utilized in the development of commercial products for controlling pre-harvest sprouting of wheat and barley. Further research is needed to verify the results under field conditions.

scholarly journals Efficacy EMS and DES on Mutagenesis and seedling characters of Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.

1970 ◽  
pp. 09-11
Author(s):  
L. Mullainathan, K. Aviya
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Ethyl Methane ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Seedling Characters

This study was performed by exposing the seeds of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L. Gaertn.) Var CO -13 to Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Diethyl sulphate (DES). The observations were made on seed germination and survivability in M1 generation. The study revealed that germination percentage and survivability were decreased by increasing concentration of the mutagens when compared to the control. The LD50 value was found in 30mM of EMS and 40mM of DES. So it was found that both mutagens at lower treatments have influenced less biological damage and could be suitable for inducing desirable mutations in Finger millet.

scholarly journals Effect of Coconut Water on Pre-Sowing Treatments Additive on Seed Germination and Initial Seedlings Growth Performance of Kamagong (Diospyros discolor)

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Marne G. Origenes ◽  
Renato L. Lapitan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Mabolo (Diospyros discolor), which is an indigenous species locally known as Kamagong, is popularly called “iron-wood”. With over-exploitation, these species are now threatened and are becoming extinct. Hence, it is the only way to conserved and save this economically valuable species by using nursery techniques with appropriate pre-sowing treatments. Therefore, the present study was attempted to evaluate the effect of coconut water on pre-sowing treatments additive on seed germination and initial growth performance of Kamagong (D. discolor). The seeds were extracted and subjected to the following treatments for 12 hours: Soaking in 100% water which is the control (T1), soaking with 50% of coconut water and 50% water (T2), and soaking in 100% coconut water (T3). The results showed that T3 had the highest germination mean value (78.33%), mean seedling height (11.80 cm) and mean number of leaves (2.04). By contrast, T2 (50% coconut water + 50% water) obtained the least germination mean value (76.67%), mean seedling height (11.63 cm) and mean number of leaves (2.00). However, there were no significant differences in the germination percentage, seedling height and number of leaves among all treatments at (p ≤ 0.05). The seeds subjected to T2 and T3 were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) better than seeds subjected to T1, having a mean root collar diameter (RCD) value of 3.98 mm, 3.75 mm and 3.48 mm, respectively. In terms of leaf measurements, the seedlings subjected to T2 and T3 had the highest leaf width value of 5.18 cm and 4.97 cm, respectively, whereas the seedlings subjected to T1 had the significantly lowest leaf width of 4.88 cm. Moreover, there was no significant effect among all treatments in terms of leaf and root length. Furthermore, it was observed in the study that fungal pathogens should also be taken into account as the pathogens are associated with the reduction of the germination percentage of the D. discolor seeds. Also, the study found out that seeds treated with 50% and 100% coconut water positively influenced the germination and initial seedling growth performance of D. discolor.

Induction and harnessing of polygenic variability in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Solanki ◽  
Aman Rana
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Ethyl Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Ethyl Methane ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Polygenic Traits ◽  
Medium Dose

Three mutagenised populations each of gamma rays, sodium azide (SA) and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) showed increased amount of variability over control for different polygenictraits in both <italic>macrosperma</italic> (LH90-54) and <italic>microsperma</italic> (LH89-48) lentil cultivars in M<sub>2</sub> generation. Among the mutagens tested, EMS induced maximum variability for all the traits, followed by gamma rays and SA in both the cultivars. The highest frequencies of mutated [M<sub>2</sub> progenies with higher coefficient of variation (CV) than the corresponding highest CV in control for any of the traits] and promising progenies [M<sub>2</sub> mutated progenies where mean shifted in the desired direction] were induced by different mutagens in the order:EMS > gamma rays > SA in both the cultivars (LH90-54 > LH89-48). In LH 90-54, promising progenies with multiple traits were induced with the highest frequency by SA, followed by EMS and gamma rays, whereas in LH89-48, they were induced with the highest frequency by SA, followed by gamma rays and EMS. Invariably, the medium dose of mutagens (0.08%SA, 0.40% EMSand 10 kRgamma rays) induced maximum variability(CV, %), resulting in thehighest number of promising progenies for all the polygenic traits.

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