Fumigant Activity of Four Plant Powders against Cowpea Weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Stored Adzuki Bean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bayu Mario ◽  
Ludji Pantja Astuti ◽  
Jue-Liang Hsu ◽  
Lekhnath Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Holy Basil

Background: Cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of most common species pest that attack various types of beans in the storage. Plant-based insecticides are considered as good candidates as alternatives to methyl bromide and phosphine for controlling pest in storage. Plenty of reports about plant powder as grain protectant, conversely a little information on plant powder as fumigant had been reported. This study was designed to observe the effects of plant powders of clove, holy basil, lemongrass and turmeric as fumigant on the biological parameters of C. maculatus under laboratory conditions.Methods: Experiments were conducted on plant powders against biological parameters of cowpea weevil. No choice test method was followed to assess the bioefficacy of the four natural fumigants on adult longevity, fecundity, F1 progeny, bean damage and weight loss of bean under completely randomized design (CRD).Result: Fumigant toxicity of four plant powders (clove, holy basil, lemongrass and turmeric) varied amongst doses. Clove powder showed significantly lower adult longevity, fecundity of female, number of F1 progeny, bean damage and weight loss of bean at 1 g and 3 g dose per container. Major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in clove powder were eugenol (48.64%) and caryophyllene (43.09%) identified by solid phase microextraction followed with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). These two major constituents might explain the fumigant toxic activities of clove powder towards C. maculatus biological parameters.

scholarly journals Contact and Fumigant Toxicity of Essential Oils Against Callosobruchus maculatus

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Mahfuz ◽  
M Khalequzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil ◽  
Contact Bioassay ◽  
Fourth Position

Toxicity of five essential oils (EOs), viz. cardamom, cinnamon, clove, eucalyptus and neem oils were investigated against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculates (Fab.) adults, through contact and fumigation bioassay. In the contact bioassay eucalyptus oil was found to be the most effective in inducing mortality both after 24 and 48 h of treatments. The toxicity of the oils followed in the order: eucalyptus > clove > cinnamon > cardamom > neem. In the fumigation bioassay, however, a reverse result was obtained with eucalyptus oil where it shows the last position for 24 h and fourth position for 48 h after treatments. The efficacy in respect of the toxicity followed in the order: clove > cinnamon > cardamom > neem > eucalyptus after 24 h after treatment, and clove > cinnamon > cardamom > eucalyptus > neem after 48 h after treatments. Keywords: Essential oil, bioassay, LD50, C. maculates Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 63-66

scholarly journals Adult time-mortality response and changes in reproductive attributes in Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) following UV irradiation

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Saiful Islam ◽  
Sharmin Mustari
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Mortality Response ◽  
Key Words Uv Irradiation ◽  
F1 Generation ◽  
Uv Rays

Using 254nm UV radiations of exposure periods from 2 to 16 min against adults. Time mortality response of the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), adults and alterations in vital reproductive attributes as fecundity, immature duration, adult emergence and adult longevity of the beetles from parental through F1 generation have been estimated. Time mortality response of the adults of the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), and alternations in vital reproductive attributes is fecundity, immature duration, adult emergence and longevity from parental through F1 generation using 254nm UV radiations of response periods from 2-16min have been estimated. Results show that an exposure time to kill 50% of the adults is around 20 min (LT50 = 19.99min), and irradiation significantly reduced egg-laying (P<0.001), lengthened immature durations (i.e. larval and pupal developmental periods; P<0.05), decreased adult emergences as well as longevity in both sexes (P<0.001) in the parental generation. The effects of the UV-rays on F1 progenies, however, were less pronounced than that expressed in the parental generation, but the immature duration was significantly increased (P<0.01) but the longevity in both sexes was significantly reduced (P<0.001). Relevance of this study in relation to prospective phytosanitary treatments of the stored pulses with UV-rays has been discussed. Key words: UV irradiation; Callosobruchus maculatus; time-mortality response; reproductive attributes; stored pulses DOI: 10.3329/jles.v5i0.7343 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 5: 17-22, 2010

Contact and fumigant toxicity of five pesticidal plants against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 172-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prisila A. Mkenda ◽  
Philip C. Stevenson ◽  
Patrick Ndakidemi ◽  
Dudley I. Farman ◽  
Steven R. Belmain
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii

Insecticidal activities of five pesticidal plant species,Tephrosia vogelii,Dysphania(Syn:Chenopodium)ambrosioides,Lippia javanica,Tithonia diversifoliaandVernonia amygdalina, which have been reported to control storage pests, were evaluated as leaf powders againstCallosobruchus maculatus(Fabricius 1775) in stored cowpea. Their efficacy was compared with the commercial pesticide Actellic dust (pirimiphos-methyl) at the recommended concentration (50 g/90 kg), and with untreated cowpea seeds as a negative control. The plant powders were applied at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 3 g/10 g of cowpea seeds in 250 ml plastic containers (to measure contact toxicity), or 0.005, 0.05, 0.5 and 5 g tied in small muslin cloth bags and hung in 500 ml plastic bottles containing 10 g of cowpea seeds (to measure fumigant toxicity). Mortality of adults, oviposition deterrence, adult emergence, and percent seed damage were recorded. Complete protection of seeds and inhibition of adult emergence were achieved in Actellic dust-treated seeds; contact toxicity using leaf powders ofT. vogeliiat all concentrations,D. ambrosioidesat concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 3 g andL. javanicaat concentrations of 1 and 3 g; and fumigant toxicity usingD.ambrosioidesat concentrations of 0.5 and 5 g andL.javanicaat a concentration of 5 g. Head space analysis ofD.ambrosioidesandL.javanicaidentified ascaridole and camphor, respectively, as components that could be responsible for the bioactivity of these plant species. These plants may, therefore, serve as effective but less harmful biopesticide alternatives to Actellic. Conversely,V.amygdalinaandT.diversifoliawere not effective, indicating that they should not be promoted for controlling bruchids in cowpea.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Chenopodium Ambrosioides L. (Chenopodiaceae) Products From Nigeria Against Three Storage Insects

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun Denloye ◽  
Winifred Makanjuola ◽  
Oluwakemi Teslim ◽  
Oyindamola Alafia ◽  
Adeleke Kasali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Storage Insects ◽  
Test Insect ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Toxicity ofChenopodium AmbrosioidesL. (Chenopodiaceae) Products From Nigeria Against Three Storage InsectsTests were carried out to study the toxicity, oviposition suppression, ovicidal and larvicidal effects ofChenopodium ambrosioidesL. as powder, extracts and essential oil againstCallosobruchus maculatusF. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae),Sitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) andTribolium castaneumJacqueline du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The powder formulation was more toxic toS. zeamaisthan eitherC. maculatusorT. castaneumwith 48 h LC50values of 0.46 g/kg, 1.60 g/kg and 2.14 g/kg, respectively. Ethanol extract was more toxic toC. maculatuswith a 48 h LC50value of 0.023 g/l, than other test insect species. The essential oil treatment demonstrated higher fumigant toxicity againstC. maculatusthanS. zeamaiswith 24 h LC50values of 1.33 μl/l and 1.90 μl/l respectively. The oil vapour showed activity againstC. maculatusegg, but had no appreciable larval mortality. The weight loss of grains admixed withC. ambrosioidespowder was lower than the controls after 150 days of field storage.

scholarly journals Comparative response of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (Walp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Oyewale Rufus Adeboye ◽  
Mercy Olayinka Oni ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana

Post-harvest preservation of cowpea in developing countries has been a major challenge owing to Callosobruchus maculatus infestation. The study compares response of C. maculatus (F) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea seeds under laboratory atmosphere. Five pairs of freshly emerged C. maculatus adults were introduced into Petri-dish containing 20 g of cowpea admixed with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g of each plant powder, replicated thrice and arranged in a complete randomization design. Adult mortality was recorded at 24 h interval for 5 days, oviposition was recorded after 48 h. While newly emerged insects were recorded 30-35 days after infestation and weight loss was also determined. The treatments showed significant increase in C. maculatus adult mortality as the time of exposure and dosage increases, with highest values (90 and 100% for A. wilkesiana and M. charantia, respectively) at 120 h of exposure and 0.8 g dosage level. At 0.8 g, A. wilkesiana (66.3) and M. charantia (63.0) treated seeds recorded significantly lower number of eggs laid. Similar trend was equally observed for adult emergence and percentage weight loss. The study revealed that both plants had significant insecticidal effects and clearly showed that M. charantia was more effective than A. wilkesiana, but did not show higher significant differences in all the parameters assessed. This indicated that these plant powders have prospective to safeguard cowpea seeds in store from C. maculatus infestation and damage. Therefore, these plant should be included in the Integrated Pest Management Strategies for cowpea storage by small scale farmers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two phyto powder combinations (Azadiracta indica and Zingiber officinale) and a synthetic insecticide (Primiphos methyl powder) in the control of cowpea weevil Callosobrucus maculatus (Fab.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 3771-3777
Author(s):  
A. N. C. Amadi ◽  
B. N. Ibediugha ◽  
P. C. Ubiaru ◽  
F. O. God’slove
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Rubber Band ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
The Tropics

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. walp) is one of the most important leguminous crops that are widely grown throughout the tropics. The aim of the study is to evaluate the combination of two botanical powders and a synthetic insecticide in the control of cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) on stored cowpea grain. The botanical powders were admixed with the cowpea grain at a combination of 3:7, 7:3 and 5:5 per 50g of beans while the primiphos methyl powder was admixed at 0.25g per 50g of cowpea. In the control, no treatment was used. The experimental design adopted for the experiment was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) and each treatment was replicated four times for each experiment. Twenty (20) adults of C. maculatus unsexed (taken from stock culture kept in the laboratory) were introduced into each vial including the control and were covered with muslin cloth held tightly in place with rubber band to prevent the weevils from escaping. The experiments were monitored for 72 hours. The results showed that the plant powders and primiphos methyl powder were good grain protectants. The highest mortality recorded was in primiphos methyl powder (78) followed by the combination of Azadirachta indica and Zingiber officinale powder at the ratio of 5:5 (76), 7:3 (68) while the least was 3:7 which recorded 62. The mean mortality of C. maculatus caused by primiphos methyl powder (6.50), was significantly (P<0.05) different from the untreated control (0.00), but was not statistically different from the combination of Azadirachta indica and Zingiber officinale in the ratio of 5 to 5, but the combinations of A. indica and Z. officinale in the ratio of 3:7 and 7:3 were significantly different. The study suggests that botanicals should be incorporated into grain protection as alternatives to chemical insecticides in the control of C. maculatus in cowpea grain during storage.

scholarly journals Fumigation Toxicity of Essential Oil Monoterpenes to Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunmilayo E. Ajayi ◽  
Arthur G. Appel ◽  
Henry Y. Fadamiro
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Oviposition Deterrence ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Oil Components ◽  
Fumigation Toxicity

The fumigant toxicity of eight essential oil components, 1-8-cineole, carvacrol, eugenol, (−)-menthone, (−)-linalool, S-(−)-limonene, (−)-β-pinene, and (+)-α-pinene, was tested against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), at 0.25–60 µL/L air doses. 1-8-Cineole, carvacrol, and eugenol caused complete adult mortality at 10 µL/L air 24 h after treatment. 1-8-Cineole and carvacrol were the most toxic with LD50 values of 0.24 and 0.6 µL/L air at 24 h, respectively. (−)-β-Pinene and (+)-α-pinene were the least toxic with LD50 values of 31 and 31.4 µL/L air at 24 h, respectively. Toxicity was negatively correlated with vapor pressure. 1-8-Cineole and carvacrol caused 100% oviposition deterrence at all doses tested. Eugenol and (−)-menthone completely inhibited adult emergence. S-(−)-Limonene, (−)-β-pinene, and (+)-α-pinene were not effective at preventing oviposition or adult emergence, suggesting that a lethal dose of the three oil components would be necessary to control C. maculatus infestations.

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