Cluster bean [cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.], an importantindustrial arid legume: A review

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Bhatt ◽  
A. K. Jukanti ◽  
M. M. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Global Cluster ◽  
Gum Content ◽  
Commercial Applications

Cluster bean is an important legume cultivated mostly on marginal and sub marginal lands of arid and semi-arid regions. Overall, India produces around 80% of global cluster bean production. It is cultivated on more than 4 m ha in India, Rajasthan alone accounts for around 80% of the area and production. Owing to its demand in the international market, it has been introduced in the non-traditional growing areas like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh. Further, its cultivation is also being taken up under irrigated conditions during summer. Cluster bean seed (endosperm) is a source of a natural hydrocolloid (galactomannan/‘guar gum’). The gum has unique abilities with multiple commercial applications like textile, printing, paper, cosmetics, mining, pharmaceutical, petroleum, natural gas, well drilling and oil industries. Green pods are nutritionally rich and are routinely consumed as vegetable especially in northern and western parts of India. Additionally, cluster bean has been reported to have beneficial effects when cultivated as an intercrop. Cluster bean meal (high protein content) obtained from seed coat and germ cell is an excellent feed for monogastric animals. Cluster bean cultivars with high gum content (>32%) and viscosity (4000-5000 cps) are more preferred for export. The value of cluster bean exports from India has increased from Rs 242 crores (1994) to Rs 2100 crores (2012-13). This review presents the various aspects of cluster bean cultivation and its emergence as an important industrial crop.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) Genotypes for Fruit and Gum Yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Balakumbahan ◽  
G. Prabukumar ◽  
V. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Gum Content ◽  
Number Of Seeds

An experiment on evaluation of cluster bean genotypes was conducted at the department of vegetable crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam. Fifty genotypes of gum type of cluster bean from NBPGR, Regional Station Jodhpur, two varieties viz., Thar Bhadavi and the check variety Pusa Navbahar were collected for the study. The collected fifty two (Ct - 1 to Ct - 52) genotypes were evaluated for their growth, yield and gum content for three seasons from November 2013 to February 2015. The data collected from the 52 genotypes. The three seasons data were pooled and statistically analysed. From the above study it is concluded that the variety Pusa Navbahar (Ct – 52 check variety) recorded highest total fruit yield per plant, fruit length, number of seeds per fruit and seed yield per plant than other genotypes taken for evaluation. The same genotype Ct - 52 also recorded the highest guar gum content of 13.44 per cent followed by 12.94 per cent in Ct – 39 and the lowest gum yield of 5.79 per cent was observed in Ct - 47.

Galactomannan content and key enzymes of its metabolism in seedsof cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Wadhwa ◽  
Udai Narayan Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Key Enzymes ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mature Seeds

The present investigation was carried out to estimate galactomannan content in mature seeds of 17 guar genotypes and activity of enzymes involved in galactomannan metabolism. Galactomannan content was found in the range of 16.82 (in IC 310630) to 36.68 per cent (in HG 3-2). The developing pods were sampled at 25, 32, 39 and 46 days after flowering (DAF) for a-galactosyltransferase, ß-D-mannosidase & ß-1, 4-mannanase assay. The mean a-galactosyltransferase specific activity increased from 25 to 39 DAF (1557 to 3093 units) followed by decrease at 46 DAF (1484 units). The mean specific activity increased from 392 to 3166 units with the increase in galactomannan content from 16.82 to 36.68 per cent. Thus, this enzyme showed highly positive correlation with the galactomannan content. The mean specific activity of ß-D-mannosidase increased gradually from 25 to 39 DAF (67 to 138 units) followed by sharp decrease at 46 DAF (32 units). The mean specific activity of ß-1, 4-mannanase was found maximum at 25 DAF (102 units) and afterwards, it decreased continuously with advancement of days after flowering up to 46 days (9 units). On the whole, it can be said that the ß-D-mannosidase requires prior activity of ß-1, 4-mannanase for galactomannan catabolism while a-galactosyltransferase activity is positively correlated with galactomannan content and play a major role in guar gum synthesis and can be further used for gum improvement via genetic manipulation.

An Economic Analysis of Cluster Bean Production in Bikaner District of Rajasthan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Guar Gum ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
The State ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Large Farm ◽  
Bean Crop

Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub) commonly known as is a drought and high temperature tolerant Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Guar, deep-rooted summer annual legume crop cultivated mainly in the Kharif season in an arid region and used as animal feed, fodder, green manure and extraction of gum for industrial uses. India is the largest producer of cluster bean and contributes 80 percent of total cluster bean production in the world. Rajasthan is the single largest producer and alone contributed to more than 70 percent of India’s total output. The increased demand for guar gum resulted in a strong escalation of the prices of cluster bean. Looking at the agricultural and industrial importance of this marginalized crop in Rajasthan, particularly realizing the potential in Bikaner district of the state, the present study attempted to analyze the present scenario of the production of cluster bean crops in Bikaner district of the state. A return per rupee invested in cluster bean crop was higher in the small farm (1:1.38) and marginally lowers on the medium farm (1:1.35). Break-even guar production ranged between 4.26 to 5.19 q per ha in small farm, 4.16 to 4.99 q per ha in medium and 3.98 to 4.94 q per ha on a large farm.

scholarly journals Chromium (VI) Induced Biochemical Changes and Gum Content in Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) at Different Developmental Stages

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punesh Sangwan ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
R. S. Khatri ◽  
U. N. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Gum Content ◽  
Cr Concentration

Chromium (Cr) contamination by various industries and other activities is known to inhibit plants growth and development. The present study was conducted using pot experiments in a net house to determine the effect of Cr (VI) on biochemical parameters such as photosynthetic pigments, reducing sugars, and important minerals at different stages of growth in leaves, stem, and roots of clusterbean, a multipurpose fodder crop including a source of guar gum. Guar gum content was estimated in seeds at maturity. All biochemical contents showed a great variation with respect to increase in Cr concentration at different stages of growth. The levels of K, Fe, and Zn decreased, while Cr and Na content increased with increase in Cr concentration. Cr induced toxicity in clusterbean appears at 0.5 mg Cr (VI) Kg−1 soil with maximum inhibitory effect at 2 mg Cr (VI) Kg−1 soil, where impaired sugar supply resulted in decreased guar gum synthesis and altered micronutrient content. The study reveals the possible role of these biochemical parameters in decreasing plant growth and development under heavy metal stress.

Stability Analysis of Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Promising Genotypes of Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ravi Teja ◽  
P. Saidaiah ◽  
A. Kiran Kumar ◽  
A. Geetha ◽  
K. Bhasker
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Gum Content

Background: Cluster bean is originated in India and Pakistan and is characterized as a short day plant. It is a drought tolerant, warm season legume crop, cultivated mainly as rain fed crop in arid and semi-arid regions during rainy season for vegetable, galactomannan gum, forage and green manure. In view of growing demand for its yield, development of new varieties with stable performance over environments is need of the hour.Methods: Twenty five genotypes of cluster bean including one check were evaluated for yield and its attributes in Randomized Block Design with three replications in field investigation during Kharif, 2019 at three agro-climatic Zones of Telangana. G x E interaction and stability analysis of different genotypes across the three environments were worked out as per the model given by Eberhart and Russel (1966).Result: The environments linear were highly significant for all the traits, revealed that the environments were effective in affecting the performance of all the genotypes with respect to cluster bean yield attributing traits. Genotypes IC-9052, IC-10323, IC-10333, IC-103295 and IC-200680 were high yielding and stable under all environments, IC-103295, IC-10323 and IC-9077P1 for higher gum content, IC-10333, IC-28286, IC-103295 and IC-200715 for protein content and genotype IC- 9077-P1 for fibre content were considered as desirable and stable over the environments. The results of the present study could contribute for stable cluster bean varietal improvement in India.

scholarly journals Chromosome scale reference genome of Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor Gaikwad ◽  
G. Ramakrishna ◽  
Harsha Srivastava ◽  
Swati Saxena ◽  
Tanvi Kaila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Western India ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
A Genome

AbstractClusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), also known as Guar is a widely cultivated dryland legume of Western India and parts of Africa. Apart from being a vegetable crop, it is also an abundant source of a natural hetero-polysaccharide called guar gum or galactomannan which is widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food processing, shale gas drilling etc. Here, for the first time we are reporting a chromosome-scale reference genome assembly of clusterbean, from a high galactomannan containing popular guar cultivar, RGC-936, by combining sequenced reads from Illumina, 10x Chromium and Oxford Nanopore technologies. The initial assembly of 1580 scaffolds with an N50 value of 7.12 Mbp was generated. Then, the final genome assembly was obtained by anchoring these scaffolds to a high density SNP map. Finally, a genome assembly of 550.31 Mbp was obtained in 7 pseudomolecules corresponding to 7 chromosomes with a very high N50 of 78.27 Mbp. We finally predicted 34,680 protein-coding genes in the guar genome. The high-quality chromosome-scale cluster bean genome assembly will facilitate understanding of the molecular basis of galactomannan biosynthesis and aid in genomics-assisted breeding of superior cultivars.

Role of zinc on productivity, quality traits and economic performance of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) under semi-arid condition of Rajasthan, India

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Meena ◽  
H. S. Jat
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Gum Content

The experiment was conducted during kharif 2011 and 2012 at Avikanagar on different genotypes of cluster bean to assess the response of Zn on productivity and profitability under tropical environment of Rajasthan. The results reveal that maximum seed (2.55 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) and stover yield (7.32 t ha<sup>-1</sup>), protein content (27.2 %) and protein yield and (168.10 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>), gum content (27%) and gum yield (180 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) were recorded with application of Zn @20 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>. Further, quality traits viz. ADF, NDF, cellulose and lignin were also highest in grains. Maximum net return of33,037 ha<sup>-1</sup> with benefit: cost ratio (2.39) was received with the use of Zn @ 20 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>. Highest seed yield (2.21 t ha<sup>-1</sup>), protein content (25.6%), protein yield (166.20 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>), gum content (25.4%) and gum yield (172.37 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) were obtained from genotype ‘RGC 936’ with the highest net returns of Rs 28,188 ha<sup>-1</sup>. Application of Zn@20 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> to cluster bean genotype ‘RGC 936’ gives highest yield and economic returns under tropical condition of Rajasthan.

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