scholarly journals Chromium (VI) Induced Biochemical Changes and Gum Content in Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) at Different Developmental Stages

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punesh Sangwan ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
R. S. Khatri ◽  
U. N. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Gum Content ◽  
Cr Concentration

Chromium (Cr) contamination by various industries and other activities is known to inhibit plants growth and development. The present study was conducted using pot experiments in a net house to determine the effect of Cr (VI) on biochemical parameters such as photosynthetic pigments, reducing sugars, and important minerals at different stages of growth in leaves, stem, and roots of clusterbean, a multipurpose fodder crop including a source of guar gum. Guar gum content was estimated in seeds at maturity. All biochemical contents showed a great variation with respect to increase in Cr concentration at different stages of growth. The levels of K, Fe, and Zn decreased, while Cr and Na content increased with increase in Cr concentration. Cr induced toxicity in clusterbean appears at 0.5 mg Cr (VI) Kg−1 soil with maximum inhibitory effect at 2 mg Cr (VI) Kg−1 soil, where impaired sugar supply resulted in decreased guar gum synthesis and altered micronutrient content. The study reveals the possible role of these biochemical parameters in decreasing plant growth and development under heavy metal stress.

Cluster bean [cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.], an importantindustrial arid legume: A review

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Bhatt ◽  
A. K. Jukanti ◽  
M. M. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Global Cluster ◽  
Gum Content ◽  
Commercial Applications

Cluster bean is an important legume cultivated mostly on marginal and sub marginal lands of arid and semi-arid regions. Overall, India produces around 80% of global cluster bean production. It is cultivated on more than 4 m ha in India, Rajasthan alone accounts for around 80% of the area and production. Owing to its demand in the international market, it has been introduced in the non-traditional growing areas like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh. Further, its cultivation is also being taken up under irrigated conditions during summer. Cluster bean seed (endosperm) is a source of a natural hydrocolloid (galactomannan/‘guar gum’). The gum has unique abilities with multiple commercial applications like textile, printing, paper, cosmetics, mining, pharmaceutical, petroleum, natural gas, well drilling and oil industries. Green pods are nutritionally rich and are routinely consumed as vegetable especially in northern and western parts of India. Additionally, cluster bean has been reported to have beneficial effects when cultivated as an intercrop. Cluster bean meal (high protein content) obtained from seed coat and germ cell is an excellent feed for monogastric animals. Cluster bean cultivars with high gum content (>32%) and viscosity (4000-5000 cps) are more preferred for export. The value of cluster bean exports from India has increased from Rs 242 crores (1994) to Rs 2100 crores (2012-13). This review presents the various aspects of cluster bean cultivation and its emergence as an important industrial crop.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (L.) Taub) Genotypes for Fruit and Gum Yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Balakumbahan ◽  
G. Prabukumar ◽  
V. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Gum Content ◽  
Number Of Seeds

An experiment on evaluation of cluster bean genotypes was conducted at the department of vegetable crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam. Fifty genotypes of gum type of cluster bean from NBPGR, Regional Station Jodhpur, two varieties viz., Thar Bhadavi and the check variety Pusa Navbahar were collected for the study. The collected fifty two (Ct - 1 to Ct - 52) genotypes were evaluated for their growth, yield and gum content for three seasons from November 2013 to February 2015. The data collected from the 52 genotypes. The three seasons data were pooled and statistically analysed. From the above study it is concluded that the variety Pusa Navbahar (Ct – 52 check variety) recorded highest total fruit yield per plant, fruit length, number of seeds per fruit and seed yield per plant than other genotypes taken for evaluation. The same genotype Ct - 52 also recorded the highest guar gum content of 13.44 per cent followed by 12.94 per cent in Ct – 39 and the lowest gum yield of 5.79 per cent was observed in Ct - 47.

scholarly journals Brassinolide Enhances the Level of Brassinosteroids, Protein, Pigments, and Monosaccharides in Wolffia arrhiza Treated with Brassinazole

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1311
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chmur ◽  
Andrzej Bajguz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Synthetic Inhibitor ◽  
Wolffia Arrhiza ◽  
First Time

Brassinolide (BL) represents brassinosteroids (BRs)—a group of phytohormones that are essential for plant growth and development. Brassinazole (Brz) is as a synthetic inhibitor of BRs’ biosynthesis. In the present study, the responses of Wolffia arrhiza to the treatment with BL, Brz, and the combination of BL with Brz were analyzed. The analysis of BRs and Brz was performed using LC-MS/MS. The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls, carotenes, and xanthophylls) levels were determined using HPLC, but protein and monosaccharides level using spectrophotometric methods. The obtained results indicated that BL and Brz influence W. arrhiza cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. The most stimulatory effects on the growth, level of BRs (BL, 24-epibrassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, 28-norbrassinolide, catasterone, castasterone, 24-epicastasterone, typhasterol, and 6-deoxytyphasterol), and the content of pigments, protein, and monosaccharides, were observed in plants treated with 0.1 µM BL. Whereas the application of 1 µM and 10 µM Brz caused a significant decrease in duckweed weight and level of targeted compounds. Application of BL caused the mitigation of the Brz inhibitory effect and enhanced the BR level in duckweed treated with Brz. The level of BRs was reported for the first time in duckweed treated with BL and/or Brz.

Mothering Identity Experiences: A Backwards Glance

2021 ◽  
pp. 106648072110239
Author(s):  
Robyn T. Simmons ◽  
Kelly Coker ◽  
Brooks B. Hanks ◽  
Donna S. Sheperis ◽  
Lynn Bohecker
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Developmental Progression ◽  
Letting Go ◽  
Human Growth And Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Universal Themes

Aspects of human growth and development have been studied since the inception of psychology as a field of science. The impact of the quality of mothering on children has been highly researched. However, little attention has been paid in the professional literature to the experiences of mothers as their children move through developmental stages. The focus of this hermeneutic phenomenology study was to investigate how mothers’ experiences of their child's growth and development changed her perceptions of her identity and herself. Participants were eight women who had launched the oldest child from the home within the last 2 years. Extensive data analysis and triangulation procedures were conducted to develop themes. Universal themes experienced by all participants were categorized as internal (questioning, comparison, being purposeful, and feeling supported) and external (experiencing joy). Some participant experiences were influenced by incidental themes such as subsequent children, expectations versus reality, and spirituality. Participants’ experience of their mothering role was also impacted by the process of letting go through the developmental progression of their children. Clinical implications are discussed.

The effect of plane of nutrition on the growth and development of the East African dwarf goat. Part II. Age changes in the carcass composition of female kids

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
East African ◽  
Stages Of Growth

1. The age changes in carcass composition of female kids killed at birth, 9, 16, 25 and 30 lb. are described.2. The organs and tissues of the kids were weighed both wet and oven-dried, allowing the dry-matter percentages at different stages of growth to be calculated. The total dry-matter percentage for day-old kids averaged 26·5%, rising to a maximum of 40·5% at the 25 lb. stage. The greatest increase in dry-matter percentage was between birth and the 9 lb. stage, which was reached at approximately 1 month. This increase in dry matter is chiefly due to a steady rise in the dry-matter content of the muscular and skeletal tissues; from 20·2 to 25·4%, and from 34·3 to 59·6%, respectively, between birth and maturity.3. The various joints of the kid were weighed and recorded separately, and the changes in the proportions of the joints illustrated centripetal growth. At birth, the joints were present in the following proportions: thorax 30%; legs 40%; head 20%; pelvis 10%. As the kid developed, there was a marked increase in the proportion of thorax and pelvis, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the proportion of the head and foreleg.

Growth and development of Rattus lutreolus (Rodentia : Muridae) in the laboratory

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Fox
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Developmental Features ◽  
Laboratory Breeding

A laboratory breeding colony of R. l. lutreolus was used to obtain data on the growth in the length of head, hind foot, tail, head and body, and body weight during the first 130 days of life. The development of external body features was compared to that known for other Australian Rattus. The young are blind and naked at birth and are not fully furred until 13 days. Incisors are visible at day 8 (5-11) and erupt about day 12 (8-15) with the eyes opening at 17 days (15-18). Independence was achieved at about 25 days (23-30) with the first signs of reproductive maturity at about 60-70 days. Five stages of growth can be related to developmental features from teeth eruption to puberty and reproductive maturity. The onset of hearing (14-15) days appear to be as important in development as does the opening of the eyes. Body measurements show sigmoid relationships to a linear equivalence of weight (W*0.33), except for head and body length which is linear. R. l. lutreolus belongs to the fast-growing group in Australian murids. Measurements from laboratory-bred animals are in agreement with those for field animals, with head and body length the best single parameter for obtaining approximate ages.

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