scholarly journals The Great Acceleration is real and provides a quantitative basis for the proposed Anthropocene Series/Epoch

Episodes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Head ◽  
Will Steffen ◽  
David Fagerlind ◽  
Colin N. Waters ◽  
Clement Poirier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Great Acceleration

A quantitative approach to inner shell losses

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 526-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
D.F. Mayers
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Background Intensity ◽  
Core Excitation ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Cross Section Differential ◽  
Bound Electrons

Microanalysis by EELS has been developing rapidly and though the general form of the spectrum is now understood there is a need to put the technique on a more quantitative basis (1,2). Certain aspects important for microanalysis include: (i) accurate determination of the partial cross sections, σx(α,ΔE) for core excitation when scattering lies inside collection angle a and energy range ΔE above the edge, (ii) behavior of the background intensity due to excitation of less strongly bound electrons, necessary for extrapolation beneath the signal of interest, (iii) departures from the simple hydrogenic K-edge seen in L and M losses, effecting σx and complicating microanalysis. Such problems might be approached empirically but here we describe how computation can elucidate the spectrum shape.The inelastic cross section differential with respect to energy transfer E and momentum transfer q for electrons of energy E0 and velocity v can be written as

Microstructure Development in a High Current Density NbTi Superconducting Composite

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 186-189
Author(s):  
P. J. Lee ◽  
D. C. Larbalestier
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Boundary Film ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Very High

Several features of the metallurgy of superconducting composites of Nb-Ti in a Cu matrix are of interest. The cold drawing strains are generally of order 8-10, producing a very fine grain structure of diameter 30-50 nm. Heat treatments of as little as 3 hours at 300 C (∼ 0.27 TM) produce a thin (1-3 nm) Ti-rich grain boundary film, the precipitate later growing out at triple points to 50-100 nm dia. Further plastic deformation of these larger a-Ti precipitates by strains of 3-4 produces an elongated ribbon morphology (of order 3 x 50 nm in transverse section) and it is the thickness and separation of these precipitates which are believed to control the superconducting properties. The present paper describes initial attempts to put our understanding of the metallurgy of these heavily cold-worked composites on a quantitative basis. The composite studied was fabricated in our own laboratory, using six intermediate heat treatments. This process enabled very high critical current density (Jc) values to be obtained. Samples were cut from the composite at many processing stages and a report of the structure of a number of these samples is made here.

Das kombinierte Ersttrimesterrisiko – eine quantitative Basis für die Beratung?

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Burkhardt ◽  
J Kurmanavicius ◽  
R Zimmermann ◽  
J Wisser
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Basis

How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the TermAnthropocene

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Morton
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Steam Engine ◽  
Radioactive Materials ◽  
Earth Systems ◽  
Huge Data ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Great Acceleration ◽  
Geological Period

Not a day goes by in the 2010s without some humanities scholars becoming quite exercised about the termAnthropocene. In case we need reminding,Anthropocenenames the geological period starting in the later eighteenth century when, after the invention of the steam engine, humans began to deposit layers of carbon in Earth’s crust. Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer’s term has been current since 2000.1In 1945, there occurred “The Great Acceleration,” a huge data spike in the graph of human involvement in Earth systems. (The title’s Kubrick joke stems from the crustal deposition of radioactive materials since 1945.) Like Marx, Crutzen sees the steam engine as iconic. As this is written, geologists such as Jan Zalasiewicz are convincing the Royal Society of Geologists to make the term official.

Model-based evaluation of a new upgrading concept for N-removal

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Salem ◽  
D. Berends ◽  
J.J. Heijnen ◽  
M.C.M. van Loosdrecht
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Model Based ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Treatment Concepts

Mathematical modelling is considered a time and cost-saving tool for evaluation of new wastewater treatment concepts. Modelling can help to bridge the gap between lab and full-scale application. Bio-augmentation can be used to obtain nitrification in activated sludge systems with a limited aerobic sludge retention time. In the present study the potential for augmenting the endogenous nitrifying population is evaluated. Implementing a nitrification reactor in the sludge return line fed with sludge liquor with a high ammonia concentration leads to augmentation of the native nitrifying population. Since the behaviour of nitrifiers is relatively well known, a choice was made to evaluate this new concept mainly based on mathematical modelling. As an example an existing treatment plant (wwtp Walcheren, The Netherlands) that needed to be upgraded was used. A mathematical model, based on the TUDP model and implemented in AQUASIM was developed and used to evaluate the potential of this bioaugmentation in the return sludge line. A comparison was made between bio-augmentation and extending the existing aeration basins and anoxic tanks. The results of both modified systems were compared to give a quantitative basis for evaluation of benefits gained from such a system. If the plant is upgraded by conventional extension it needs an increase in volume of about 225%; using a bioaugmentation in the return sludge line the total volume of the tanks needs to be expanded by only 75% (including the side stream tanks). Based on the modelling results a decision was made to implement the bioaugmentation concept at full scale without further pilot scale testing, thereby strongly decreasing the scale-up period for this process.

scholarly journals Breakdown of energy transfer gap laws revealed by full-dimensional quantum scattering between HF molecules

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongzheng Yang ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Xixi Hu ◽  
Hua Guo ◽  
Daiqian Xie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Inelastic Collisions ◽  
Rate Coefficients ◽  
Quantum Scattering ◽  
Final States ◽  
Energy Gap Law ◽  
Quantitative Basis

Abstract Inelastic collisions involving molecular species are key to energy transfer in gaseous environments. They are commonly governed by an energy gap law, which dictates that transitions are dominated by those between initial and final states with roughly the same ro-vibrational energy. Transitions involving rotational inelasticity are often further constrained by the rotational angular momentum. Here, we demonstrate using full-dimensional quantum scattering on an ab initio based global potential energy surface (PES) that HF–HF inelastic collisions do not obey the energy and angular momentum gap laws. Detailed analyses attribute the failure of gap laws to the exceedingly strong intermolecular interaction. On the other hand, vibrational state-resolved rate coefficients are in good agreement with existing experimental results, validating the accuracy of the PES. These new and surprising results are expected to extend our understanding of energy transfer and provide a quantitative basis for numerical simulations of hydrogen fluoride chemical lasers.

scholarly journals Anthropocene and “Development”: Intertwined Trajectories Since the Beginning of The Great Acceleration

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-413
Author(s):  
Marina Dantas de Figueiredo ◽  
Fábio Freitas Schilling Marquesan ◽  
José Miguel Imas
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Model ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
The North ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Global North ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Great Acceleration ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACT Objectives: We aim to propose the thesis that the trajectories of the Anthropocene and the current mainstream understandings of development are intertwined from the beginning. It means that the Anthropocene and the “development” are coetaneous: the implementation of development policies for the so-considered underdeveloped regions started to happen at the same time of what is known as The Great Acceleration of production, consumption and environmental degradation in a global level. Method: In this conceptual paper, we adopt a decolonial critique as an analytical lens and argue that different geopolitical positions may be necessary for approaching the issue of the Anthropocene from epistemological reflections that can include the cultural and political context of the production and reproduction of local knowledge. Results: Our theoretical argumentation sheds light on the role of Global North and South relations in shaping the environmental crisis. Latin America (LA) exemplifies the modus operandi of the intertwinement of the practical effects of development policies and the environmental consequences underlying the Anthropocene, in which natural resources are over-explored to satisfy export-oriented trade, from the South toward the North. LA is not only a propitious context to show the validity of our thesis, but also the source of alternatives to such developmental model. Conclusion: The emphasis on development as a cause of the Anthropocene supports The Great Acceleration thesis. The proposition of the name Developmentocene comes from the thesis that development and Anthropocene are coetaneous, the intertwinement of both resulting in the very definition of the new epoch.

scholarly journals A rewarding experience in many ways: The 3rd World Congress of Environmental History

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Verena Winiwarter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
World Congress ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Intergenerational Exchange ◽  
Global North ◽  
Great Acceleration

The 3rd World Congress of Environmental History, held in Florianópolis, Brazil had the theme: “Convergences: The Global South and the Global North in the Era of Great Acceleration”. The short paper gives an overview of the rewards such congresses can bring. It specifically deals with the plenary talks by Robert Billot and Brigitte Baptiste, highlights the role of scholarly co-operation and makes a case for the opportunity offered by such congresses to review the environment of the hosting country, for which the plenary roundtables, the excursions, and field trips and comparative panels are referred to as examples. World congresses might have an environmental cost, but they do provide unique opportunities for scholarly exchange, in terms of themes, methods, conceptual approaches, and sources used. Behaving in an environmentally conscious way but at the same time enabling and fostering international and intergenerational exchange is a challenge that will have to be taken up in the future.

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