scholarly journals Ecological hygienic assessment of soils quality in urban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 913-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Vodyanova ◽  
I. A. Kriatov ◽  
L. G. Donerian ◽  
I. S. Evseeva ◽  
D. I. Ushakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Volatile Chemicals ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
Secondary Air

Assessment of the soil quality is ofprime importance essential for the characterization of the ecological and hygienic condition of the territory, as the soil is the first link of the food chain, the source of secondary air and water pollution, as well as an integral index of ecological well-being of the environment. Herewith the qualitative analysis of soil complicated by the specifics of the soil genesis in the urban environment, in which an important role is played by manmade land bulk and alluvial soils; the inclusion of construction of material debris and household garbage in upper horizons; the growing up of the profile due to the perpetual introduction of different materials and intensive aeolian deposition. It is advisable to consider the currently neglected question of the study of soil vapor containing volatile chemicals. These pollutants penetrate into the building through cracks in the foundation and openings for utilities. Soil evaporation may accumulate in residential areas or in the soil under the building. Because of this, it is necessary to pay attention to the remediation of areas allocated for the built-up area, possessing a large-scale underground parking. Soil contamination is the result of significant anthropogenic impacts on the environment components. In general, about 89.1 million people (62.6% of the population of the country) live in terms of complex chemical load, determined by contamination offood, drinking water, air and soil. The list of microbiological and sanitary-chemical indices of the assessment of soils of urban areas may vary in dependence on the data obtained in pilot studies due to changes and additions to the assigned tasks. Timely forecast for the possibility of the usage of released lands of urban territories for the construction and the creation of new objects for different purposes should become the prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases in the population residing in urban areas.

scholarly journals SOIL MANAGEMENT IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT: TODAY AND FUTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Bogdan Stanescu ◽  
Adriana Cuciureanu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Residential Areas

The present article presents the expertise realized by the Department of Environmental Monitoring Pollution Evaluation within the INCD ECOIND, in the evaluation of the quality of urban soils in the municipality of Bucharest and the main big cities in Romania. The current data available at the level of the 27 member states of the European Union show that annually over 100,000 hectares of land are introduced into the urban environment, a direct consequence of the development of cities. There are a number of legislative obstacles to strategic soil protection measures. Moreover, at the level of the local authorities there is a conflict regarding the measures of soil protection in the long term, on the one hand, and, the accelerated economic development in the short term, on the other. European environmental experts consider that the urban development, absolutely necessary for the economic growth, requires an adequate management of the natural resources in order for the development to be done on a sustainable basis, respectively to follow a series of strategic objectives. In our country, at least in the last decade, we find on a large scale the conversion of industrial areas into commercial or residential areas. The footprint of industrial activities can be found even after long periods of time present by identifying the remnant of soil pollution or in those areas known as historically polluted (for example the town of Copsa Mica). The conclusions stemming from the assessment of pollution in urban areas over large areas, in correlation with the potential sources of pollution, underline the need to monitor the quality of soils in the urban environment, but also to apply a performance management in order to protect this natural resource in the long term.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN REPUBLICS OF DAGESTAN

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Magomed Gimbatov
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
The Republic

The article considers the potential of Dagestan aquaculture (with trout as case study) to increase the level of social and economic development of rural areas of the republic. An economic analysis of the prospects for the development of forestry was carried out taking into account the territorial features of the Republic of Dagestan. The study shows that the socio-economic effect of the trout farming development in Dagestan can be considered as particularly significant. Its successful implementation will accelerate the solution of the following problems of the republic: - Increase of self-sufficiency of the population, fish products of own production, with fresh and high quality; - Increased consumption of fish products per capita, especially in rural areas; - Expansion of the tax base and increase of cash receipts, in the form of taxes and other payments to the budget and extrabudgetary funds at all levels; - Creation of a significant number of new jobs in rural areas and, as a result, the reduction of rural migration to urban areas; - The revival of fish processing plants; - Increased production of environmentally friendly food products in the region. The results of the study can be used in the development of the Rural Development Strategy of the region. Sustainable and large-scale development of aquaculture (fish farming) will bring the economy of the area to a higher level and make a significant contribution to improving the well-being of the rural population of the Republic of Dagestan.

scholarly journals Social Media Reveals Urban-Rural Differences in Stress across China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Cui ◽  
Tingdan Zhang ◽  
Dandan Pang ◽  
Kokil Jaidka ◽  
Garrick Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Sources

Modeling differential stress expressions in urban and rural regions in China can provide a better understanding of the effects of urbanization on psychological well-being in a country that has rapidly grown economically in the last two decades. This paper studies linguistic differences in the experiences and expressions of stress in urban-rural China from Weibo posts from over 65,000 users across 329 counties using hierarchical mixed-effects models. We analyzed phrases, topical themes, and psycho-linguistic word choices in Weibo posts mentioning stress to better understand appraisal differences surrounding psychological stress in urban and rural communities in China; we then compared them with large-scale polls from Gallup. After controlling for socioeconomic and gender differences, we found that rural communities tend to express stress in emotional and personal themes such as relationships, health, and opportunity while users in urban areas express stress using relative, temporal, and external themes such as work, politics, and economics. These differences exist beyond controlling for GDP and urbanization, indicating a fundamentally different lifestyle between rural and urban residents in very specific environments, arguably having different sources of stress. We found corroborative trends in physical, financial, and social wellness with urbanization in Gallup polls.

scholarly journals Can More Accurate Night-Time Remote Sensing Data Simulate a More Detailed Population Distribution?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nannan Gao ◽  
Fen Li ◽  
Hui Zeng ◽  
Daniël van Bilsen ◽  
Martin De Jong
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Population Distributions

Aging, shrinking cities, urban agglomerations and other new key terms continue to emerge when describing the large-scale population changes in various cities in mainland China. It is important to simulate the distribution of residential populations at a coarse scale to manage cities as a whole, and at a fine scale for policy making in infrastructure development. This paper analyzes the relationship between the DN (Digital number, value assigned to a pixel in a digital image) value of NPP-VIIRS (the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite’s Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) and LuoJia1-01 and the residential populations of urban areas at a district, sub-district, community and court level, to compare the influence of resolution of remote sensing data by taking urban land use to map out auxiliary data in which first-class (R1), second-class (R2) and third-class residential areas (R3) are distinguished by house price. The results show that LuoJia1-01 more accurately analyzes population distributions at a court level for second- and third-class residential areas, which account for over 85% of the total population. The accuracy of the LuoJia1-01 simulation data is higher than that of Landscan and GHS (European Commission Global Human Settlement) population. This can be used as an important tool for refining the simulation of residential population distributions. In the future, higher-resolution night-time light data could be used for research on accurate simulation analysis that scales down large-scale populations.

scholarly journals Network structure of adolescent well-being traits: Results from a Large-Scale Chinese sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Zeng ◽  
Kaiping Peng ◽  
Chuan-Peng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background. The mental health and well-being of adolescents are becoming increasingly important globally. Understanding the relationship between different aspects of well-being is crucial for effective interventions of the well-being of adolescents. The present study aims to analyze the network structure of adolescent well-being and identify the central well-being traits. Methods. We used a network model to analyze the network structure of a psychometrically sound measurement of adolescent well-being ---- the engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness, and happiness (EPOCH) scale. The dataset comes from a representative sample of Chinese adolescents (17, 854 participants from rural and urban areas from Southern, Northern, and the middle part of China). Results. The twenty items of EPOCH formed a highly interconnected network. The item H4 (“I am a cheerful person.”), E2 (“I get completely absorbed in what I am doing”), and O4 (“I believe that things will work out, no matter how difficult they seem”) were the most central traits. Conclusions. Cheerfulness, engagement in current activity and optimism for the future are most central to the psychological well-being of Chinese adolescents. Future studies should further test the dynamics between these central traits and other well-being traits to find effective interventions of well-being of adolescents.

scholarly journals How to Find Vacant Green Space in the Process of Urban Park Planning: Case Study in Ningbo (China)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8282
Author(s):  
Shunwei Ji ◽  
Renfeng Ma ◽  
Liyan Ren ◽  
Caijuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Different Levels

Nature-based recreation in urban areas is essential for the well-being of citizens. Park green space (PGS) is a necessary urban infrastructure and a critical step of urban planning and policy-making. The existing research on PGS only focuses on service allocation problems existing in the current urban development, ignoring changes in residential communities accessibility. This research provides new ideas to evaluate PGS. Based on parks and residential communities’ data, we adopt an improved Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method to evaluate PGS accessibility in Ningbo (China) and its matching with different levels of residential areas. We present a case study in Ningbo, and discuss its implications for PGS management. This study contains two elements: (a) Compare the current and initial PGS accessibility of each community to accurately identify the communities with PGS vacancies. (b) Analyze and discuss the association between community accessibility and residential house prices. Compare the PGS coverage ratios of communities at different levels to determine the equity of PGS planning in Ningbo. We found that the level of PGS allocation in the central area of Ningbo is high. Obviously, high-value clusters are formed in Sanjiangkou, Zhenhai New Town, Southern and Eastern Yinzhou. The accessibility level in the middle area of Yinzhou is low, and there are super high accessibility residential communities in the outer city area. There is an exact period of green space vacancy in the middle and the outer area. The residential areas with ultra-high accessibility did not configure PGS services at the beginning of their construction. There is no noticeable difference in PGS accessibility of residential communities of different levels at present, but 149 low- and middle-income residential communities lack green space service when the construction was completed. High-end residential communities have priority on enjoying park green space services. Our study suggests that PGS accessibility should be studied temporally and spatially for each residential community. The Ningbo government should strengthen the balanced construction of green space in parks and guarantee green space services for low-end residential communities to improve green space equity.

scholarly journals WADAH AKTIVITAS KRE-AKTIF

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Melissa Melissa ◽  
Sidhi Wiguna Teh
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Work Study ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Sustainable Community Development ◽  
Active Space ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
Urban People

Living and growing up in urban areas with various pressures, both from home or work/school, makes people have a higher stress level. Urban people need a space in between home (first place) and a place of work / study (second place), namely the third place. Third place is important for the people because it is a place where they can be themselves, freely channel their talents and interests, as well as socializing and maintaining fitness in the midst of the busy city. Therefore, a need rises for an architectural manifestation in the form of a third place with a creative hub to channel ideas, creativity, talents, and interests and active space to maintain fitness, socialize, and build community. Alam Sutera is a developing city that has a beautiful atmosphere and integrated transportation system so that it can support a healthy walking lifestyle. In addition, Alam Sutera is also home to various types of communities, ranging from student activity units to car lovers communities. The location of the site which is located in Alam Sutera and close to universities, offices, and residential areas makes the Cre-Active Social Hub a strategic third place and able to accommodate various needs of the third activities of the Alam Sutera community and its surroundings. Cre-Active Social Hub is designed to be a place for sustainable community development, a place in between for the people of Alam Sutera, and to make the environment mood more lively and pleasant. AbstrakTinggal dan besar di daerah perkotaan dengan berbagai tekanan, baik dari rumah maupun tempat kerja atau sekolah, membuat masyarakat memiliki tingkat stres yang lebih tinggi. Masyarakat kota membutuhkan ruang antara tempat tinggal (first place) dan tempat kerja/ belajar (second place) yaitu third place. Third place penting bagi masyarakat kota untuk menjadi tempat di mana mereka bisa menjadi diri sendiri, bebas menyalurkan bakat dan minat, sekaligus bersosialisasi dan menjaga kebugaran di tengah sibuknya kota. Oleh karena itu, muncul kebutuhan akan sebuah perwujudan arsitektur berupa third place dengan creative hub untuk menyalurkan ide, kreativitas, bakat, dan minat serta active space untuk menjaga kebugaran, bersosialisasi, dan membangun komunitas. Alam Sutera merupakan sebuah kota berkembang yang memiliki suasana asri dan sistem transportasi terintegrasi sehingga dapat mendukung pola hidup berjalan kaki yang sehat. Selain itu, Alam Sutera juga merupakan rumah untuk berbagai jenis komunitas, mulai dari unit kegiatan mahasiswa hingga komunitas pecinta mobil. Lokasi tapak yang berada di Alam Sutera dan dekat dengan universitas, kantor, dan hunian membuat Wadah Aktivitas Kre-Aktif menjadi sebuah third place yang strategis dan dapat mewadahi berbagai kebutuhan third activities masyarakat Alam Sutera dan sekitarnya. Wadah Aktivitas Kre-Aktif dirancang untuk menjadi wadah bagi pembangunan komunitas yang berkelanjutan, menjadi tempat antara bagi masyarakat Alam Sutera, serta membuat suasana semakin hidup dan menyenangkan.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors of household Expenditures: A Case Study of Southern Punjab (Pakistan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Zahir Faridi ◽  
Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Household Expenditures ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Household expenditures are the main source of society's well-being and welfare. The examination of socioeconomic and demographic determinants of Household Expenditure in Southern Punjab is the major objective of the study. The primary data of 785 households is collected in Southern Punjab. The estimation analysis is based on the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) methodology. The age of household head, years of schooling, household size, Remittances, the value of assets, number of earners, distance of health center from household residence, the distance of the school from household residence have a positive effect on household monthly expenditures in Multan division, D.G Khan division, Bahawalpur division, and Southern Punjab. The households which belong to the informal sector have a negative relationship with monthly household expenditures in all three divisions and Southern Punjab. The association between the area of residence and monthly household expenditures is positive in all three divisions and Southern Punjab. The result shows that households living in urban areas of Southern Punjab have more expenditure as compared to rural areas. The presence of disease and household expenditures are negatively related to each other in Southern Punjab. Therefore, this study suggests that health facilities should provide at a large scale in various divisions of southern Punjab. 

scholarly journals The importance of urban gardens in supporting children's biophilia

2016 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Hand ◽  
Claire Freeman ◽  
Philip J. Seddon ◽  
Mariano R. Recio ◽  
Aviva Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Nature Connection ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Children’S Exposure ◽  
Selection Of

Exposure to and connection with nature is increasingly recognized as providing significant well-being benefits for adults and children. Increasing numbers of children growing up in urban areas need access to nature to experience these benefits and develop a nature connection. Under the biophilia hypothesis, children should innately affiliate to nature. We investigated children’s independent selection of spaces in their neighborhoods in relation to the biodiversity values of those spaces, in three New Zealand cities, using resource-selection analysis. Children did not preferentially use the more biodiverse areas in their neighborhoods. Private gardens and yards were the most preferred space, with the quality of these spaces the most important factor defining children’s exposure to nature. Children’s reliance on gardens and yards for nature experiences raises concerns for their development of a nature connection, given disparities in biodiversity values of private gardens in relation to socioeconomic status, and the decline in sizes of private gardens in newer urban developments.

scholarly journals Methodology of Sub-Catchment Division Considering Land Uses and Flow Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
Chengming Li ◽  
Zixian Fan ◽  
Zheng Wu ◽  
Zhaoxin Dai ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Land Type ◽  
Flow Directions

Catchment division constitutes the foundation for urban water flood forecasting but represents a technically challenging task. The accurate division of catchments is significant for precisely forecasting urban waterlogging. However, existing catchment division methods usually lead to produce results that do not accurately reflect the actual land-use distributions. In recent years, most research has been performed in smaller study areas (less than 10 km2), in residential areas, parks and campuses, and usually focused on a single landscape type. However, for large highly urbanized areas with complex land uses, due to the spatial heterogeneity and complexity of such areas in terms of building, traffic network and hydrology, etc., there is few studies on sub-catchment division. Moreover, the division results by using existing method usually have deviate with the actual land-type distributions. To address the above-mentioned issues, a sub-catchment division method was here proposed that accounts for land-use types and flow directions, and it is suitable for large urban areas by introducing an auto-adaptive threshold adjustment in a novel algorithm. First, the study area is divided into first- and second-level (FL and SL, respectively) catchments according to the macroscale features such as natural landforms, canals, and pipe network. Second, an amended DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and flow direction data are used to divide the SL catchments into third-level direction-based (D-B) catchments. Finally, a novel land use-based algorithm is proposed to divide the D-B catchments into the “smallest” catchments (S-catchments). A large-scale area (44 km2) in Dongying City of China was employed to validate the proposed method. The experiment showed that the proposed method is suitable for subcatchment divisions in large regions and can ensure that the subcatchments are consistent with the actual distribution of land uses and runoff directions.

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