scholarly journals MODERN APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDE MUTAGENICITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1017-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Rakitsky ◽  
N. A. Ilyushina ◽  
Yu. A. Revazova
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Research Protocol ◽  
Genetic Toxicology ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Pesticide Mixtures ◽  
Mammalian Erythrocyte ◽  
Combined Actions

Research on potential mutagenic pesticide activity is an important part of their toxicological and hygienic assessment. The present article provides international and Russian legal and normative documents, which regulate such investigations. There is presented a list of the principal Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) protocols in the field of genetic toxicology which reflect protocols in force, newly adopted and canceled protocols along with the revised versions of existing documents. As an example, major changes of the research protocol for mutagenic properties of chemical compounds in mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test in vivo are reviewed. The article also provides the minimal set of methods required for the evaluation of the pesticide-induced initial DNA damage, gene, chromosome and/or genome mutations. The article notes the need for the mutagenic assessment of generic pesticides to verify the equivalence of active ingredients and carry out further studies of the combined actions of pesticide mixtures/

scholarly journals Genotoxic properties of some organophosphate pesticides

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
О.В. Егорова ◽  
Н.А. Илюшина ◽  
Н.С. Аверьянова ◽  
Л.А. Кара ◽  
Ю.В. Демидова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Mammalian Erythrocyte ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

С использованием теста Эймса и микроядерного теста in vivo на эритроцитах млекопитающих изучена генотоксичность некоторых фосфорорганических пестицидов, применяемых в сельском хозяйстве. Технические продукты хлорпирифоса и диазинона не проявляли генотоксичности ни в условиях in vitro, ни in vivo. Выявлены слабые мутагенные эффекты диметоата на штаммах бактерий. Некоторые технические продукты глифосата, диметоата, а также пиримифос-метил индуцировали цитогенетические нарушения у мышей линии CD-1. Наблюдаемые эффекты in vivo были низкими даже на уровне максимальных переносимых доз, поэтому все исследованные фосфорорганические пестициды могут быть отнесены к 3 или 4 классам опасности по критерию «мутагенность» согласно принятой в Российской Федерации классификации. The genotoxicity of some organophosphate pesticides applied in agriculture was studied using the Ames test and the mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test in vivo. Technical grade active ingredients (TGAI) of chlorpyrifos and diazinon did not show genotoxicity either in vitro or in vivo. The weak mutagenic effects of dimethoate were revealed with bacterial strains. Some TGAIs of glyphosate, dimethoate, and pyrimifos-methyl induced cytogenetic abnormalities in CD-1 mice. The observed effects in vivo were low even at the maximum tolerated doses. Therefore, according to the pesticide hygienic classification adopted in the Russian Federation all studied organophosphate pesticides can be assigned a 3 or 4 class of hazard upon the criterion “mutagenicity”.

The Effect of Ergothioneine on Clastogenic Potential and Mutagenic Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Schauss ◽  
Erzsébet Béres ◽  
Adél Vértesi ◽  
Zsuzsanna Frank ◽  
Ilona Pasics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Assay ◽  
Mammalian Erythrocyte ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Structural Chromosome

L-(+)-ergothioneine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo and has uses as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in foods, cosmetics, and as a pharmaceutical additive. The clastogenic potential and mutagenic of ergothioneine were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Ergothioneine concentrations up to 5000 μg/mL, with and without metabolic activation, was tested in the chromosome aberration assay with CHL cells and found not to induce structural chromosome aberrations. In the in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, ergothioneine was administered orally to male mice at doses up to 1500 mg/kg for potential genotoxic activity. No increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed.  Overall, ergothioneine was not genotoxic in these studies and provides additional experimental evidence supporting the safety of its use as a potential dietary supplement.

scholarly journals An in vivo cytogenetic analysis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhimanyu Mohanta ◽  
Prafulla K. Mohanty ◽  
Gadadhar Parida
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Oral Carcinoma ◽  
Genetic Toxicology

Abstract Background: Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India, which accounts for over 30% of all cancers reported in the country. The micronucleus test (MNT) is one of the most widely applied short term tests used in genetic toxicology to evaluate the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Aims: The present study aims at an in vivo cytogenetic analysis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma and to assess the applicability of MNT in diagnosing early detection of oral carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Exfoliated scrape smears were collected from the clinically diagnosed 136 patients suffering from oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. The wet fixed smears were stained by adopting Papanicolaou’s staining protocol and counter-stained with Giemsa’s solution. Results: The frequency of micronucleated cells has been observed to be in increasing order with the increase of the age-groups and from control to precancerous to cancerous cases significantly in both sexes. Conclusion: Micronucleus formation in the oral mucosa could be a biomarker of genetic damage and also a potential onco-indicator in the long run of oral carcinogenesis. Therefore, MNT can be applied for the early detection of oral carcinoma in the human being.

Antiproliferative and Genotoxic Action of an Underexploited Organoteluran Derivative on Sarcoma 180 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L.L. Barreto do Nascimento ◽  
Antonielly Campinho dos Reis ◽  
José V.O. Santos ◽  
Helber A. Negreiros ◽  
Felipe C. Carneiro da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nuclear Division Index ◽  
Apoptosis And Necrosis ◽  
Genotoxicity Tests ◽  
Genotoxic Action

Background: The search for novel metallic chemical compounds with toxicogenic effects have been of great importance for more efficient cancer treatment. Objective: The study evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic activity of organoteluran RF07 in S-180 cell line. Methods: The bioassays used were cell viability with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazole)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, evaluation of apoptosis and necrosis using fluorescence and flow cytometry, cytokinesis-block micronucleus test and comet assay. The compound was tested at 1; 2.5 and 5 µM. Results: The results showed the cytotoxicity of RF07 at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 µM when compared to the negative control. For genotoxicity tests, RF07 showed effects in all concentrations assessed by increased index and frequencies of damage and mutagenic alterations. The compound was also cytotoxic due to the significant decrease in nuclear division index, with significant values of apoptosis and necrosis. The results of fluorescence and flow cytometry showed apoptosis as the main type of cell death caused by RF07 at 5 µM, which is thought to avoid an aggressive immune response of the organism. Conclusion: In addition to cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, RF07 creates good perspectives for future antitumor formulations.

Development of Natural Bioactive Alkaloids: Anticancer perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Patel ◽  
Ravi Vanecha ◽  
Jay Patel ◽  
Divy Patel ◽  
Umang Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Antimetastatic Activity ◽  
New Chemical Entities

: Cancer is a frightful disease that still poses a 'nightmare' worldwide, causing millions of casualties annually due to one of the human race's most significant healthcare challenges that requires a pragmatic treatment strategy. However, plants and plant-derived products revolutionize the field as they are quick, cleaner, eco-friendly, low-cost, effective, and less toxic than conventional treatment methods. Plants are repositories for new chemical entities and have a promising cancer research path, supplying 60% of the anticancer agents currently used. Alkaloids are important chemical compounds that serve as a rich reservoir for drug discovery and development. However, some alkaloids derived from natural herbs display anti-proliferation and antimetastatic activity on different forms of cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. Alkaloids have also been widely formulated as anticancer medications, such as camptothecin and vinblastine. Still, more research and clinical trials are required before final recommendations can be made on specific alkaloids. This review focuses on the naturally-derived bioactive alkaloids with prospective anticancer properties based on the information in the literature.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the benzodiazepine flunitrazepam in vitro and in vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Igor Vivian de Almeida ◽  
Giovana Domingues ◽  
Lilian Capelari Soares ◽  
Elisângela Düsman ◽  
Veronica Elisa Pimenta Vicentini
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Test

Flunitrazepam (FNZ) is a sedative benzodiazepine prescribed for the short-term treatment of insomnia. However, there are concerns regarding possible carcinogenic or genotoxic effects of this medicine. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, clastogenic and aneugenic effects of FNZ in hepatoma cells from Rattus norvegicus (HTC) in vitro and in bone marrow cells of Wistar rats in vivo. These effects were examined in vitro following treatment with 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 or 10 μg/mL FNZ using a micronucleus test with a cytokinesis block or in vivo using a chromosomal aberration test following treatment with 7, 15 or 30 μg/mL/kg body weight. The results showed that the benzodiazepine concentrations tested were not cytotoxic, aneugenic or clastogenic. However, considering the adverse effects of using this benzodiazepine, more studies are required.

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