scholarly journals ABOUT CALCULATION OF THE DETERMINISTIC EFFECT OF PROTEINURIA IN EMPLOYEES OF ENRICHMENT PLANTS OF NUCLEAR INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Babenko ◽  
Andrey V. Badin
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Uranium Hexafluoride ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Urologic Diseases ◽  
Deterministic Effect

In this paper, we consider the impacts of gaseous uranium hexafluoride used at concentrating plants of the nuclear industry on the human body. The appearance of uranium hexafluoride in the air of the working premises is accompanied by hydrolysis and the formation of substances that can enter the human body and bring atoms of uranium and fluorine. The article describes the method of the determination of the working conditions preventing the development of occupational diseases in employees. The method is based both on the calculation of the number of toxic substances entering the human body in routine working conditions and comparison of this number with the threshold values for different deterministic effects. The proteinuria (protein content in urine) is selected as the considered deterministic effect. We used the published statistics on the threshold of the daily release from the human body toxic substances, long-entering the body in small doses and seem to be responsible for the occurrence of urologic diseases. The calculation was performed in the framework of a complex model describing the air pollution with products of hydrolysis of uranium hexafluoride entering of toxic substances in the human body, in working premises, as well as the passing of uranium and fluorine through the body. This model constructed by the authors of this article was described in previous publications. To ensure that the theoretical methods give the same results as the experimental, the results obtained by the standard method for employees of one of the enterprises of nuclear industry were compared with the data obtained using the theoretical method under the same working conditions. The considered theoretical method can complement and enrich the existing experimental methods for the identification of the onset of occupational diseases based on the sampling of different biomaterials from the employees working at enterprises.

scholarly journals ON THE POSSIBILITY OF THE RAPID ASSISTANCE TO PEOPLE AFTER A SINGLE EXPOSURE TO URANIUM HEXAFLUORIDE

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Babenko ◽  
Andrey V. Badyin ◽  
A. V. Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Uranium Hexafluoride ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Hydrolysis Products

Introduction. The accidental release of uranium hexafluoride (UHF) is associated with the pollution of the air of the working premises with its hydrolysis products, containing toxic substances (uranium and fluorine). The intake of UHF hydrolysis products by is related to a negative impact on the human body. The magnitude and the rate of the exposure are determined by the amount of deposited toxic substances. Known methods for the determination of these amounts are based on the study of involved biological media (urine, blood, postmortem examination of all organs), requiring time-consuming, sometimes are critical for the preservation of the human life. In this paper, we propose a theoretical method for the detecting the amount of the deposited toxic substances. The calculation is based on models constructed by authors of this article. They describe successively: pollution of the working premises with UHF hydrolysis products, the input of toxic substances in the human body, uranium and passing fluorine through the body. The first model includes the following processes: hydrolysis, the formation of aerosol particles as on the deposition gas molecules and the wall of working space as on the human skin, deposition of the aerosol particles on the floor of the working space. With continuity equations written for the concentrations of molecules of substances of interest to us, the analytical expressions for n(z,t) - the concentration of atoms of a toxic substance at the height z at the time t; j(t) - flux density of toxic substance atoms on the surface of the skin at the time t. The second and third models describe percutaneous intake and inhalation of uranium and fluorine consisting of UHF hydrolysis products entering the human body, as well as toxic substances passed through the body. Results. There are presented results of calculating the amounts deposited in the body of uranium fluoride at various time points. There is given a comparison of these values with the experimental data in the literature on the quantity of uranium and fluorine, which enters the body to cause various organic and functional changes. Conclusion. The theoretical method of determining a person’s level of the destruction was concluded to allow extending the prediction of the development of adverse effects of uranium and fluorine without its prior survey, and choose the most effective methods of healthcare provision.

scholarly journals Recommendations for Choosing a Model Describing the Human Exposure to Uranium Hexafluoride

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
S. P. Babenko ◽  
A. V. Bad'in
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Radiation Effect ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Uranium Hexafluoride ◽  
Natural Uranium ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Gaseous State

The article notes the fact that uranium hexafluoride (UHF) is the only uranium compound in a gaseous state under conditions close to normal to be used in the enrichment of natural uranium with an isotope. It is noted that during the hydrolysis of UHF in the air of a working room, this room is polluted with gases and aerosols that are carriers of uranium and fluorine atoms, which have a negative chemical and radiation effect on the human body. This, of course, poses problems when using uranium hexafluoride at the enterprises of the nuclear industry both in everyday work and, especially, in possible emergency situations. The problems lie with a need for protective measures, development of the quantitative assessment methods for the intake of toxic substances, and establishment of relationships between the amount of incorporated (ingested) substance and the measure of its effect on the body. A review of certain publications on the quantitative description of the uranium and fluorine intake in the body of employees is given. The paper notes an involvement of this article’s authors in solving this issue in their previous works too. Their calculation methods are described. The conditions under which they were carried out and the experimental results that they used were described. The article presents the calculation results both of the uranium mass intake in the body (by the time t) that characterizes the toxic effect of uranium and of the number Q of decays accumulated in the body that characterize the radiation effect. The uranium penetration through the skin (percutaneous intake) in an emergency and under normal production conditions is considered. There is given a description of two models suitable for calculations, which are distinguished by various accounting for metabolism when uranium moves from the UHF source to the exit from the human body in the natural way. It is indicated that one of the models was partially borrowed from publications of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The results obtained using two different models are compared and recommendations are made regarding their use depending on the tasks assigned to the researcher.

scholarly journals On the calculated method for assessing the impact of hydrolysis products from uranium hexafluoride on the human body

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Svetlana P. Babenko ◽  
Andrey V. Bad’in
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Uranium Hexafluoride ◽  
The Body ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. This article refers to the authors’ calculation method for studying the effects UF6 (uranium hexafluoride, UHF) on the human body. A review of this method’s main ideas and the features of the approach to solving the problem at certain stages of the movement of UHF from being released into the air before entering the body is offered. The possibilities of the proposed method and its place in many well-known studies in this direction are described. Material and methods. The research material is UHF. It serves as the primary working substance in technologies for enriching natural uranium with the 235U isotope. UHF, due to various circumstances, appears in the production room in a gaseous state. A method for studying the effects of UHF on humans is to describe the distribution processes of UHF molecules in the volume of the working room, chemical transformations of UHF, physical transformations of the resulting products, i.e., all processes accompanied by the delivery of toxic substances and their transfer from the source to the person and before excretion from the body in a natural way. The description of these processes is carried out analytically. Results. Lists the results that can be obtained by calculation. Discussion. A discussion of the results is carried out in the following areas. The issue of the possibility of using the described calculation method to solve the problems of ensuring labor safety at work is considered. The question of trust in the calculated values characterizing the effect of UHF on the human body is being studied. To solve this problem, we compared the calculated results obtained for a particular process and the experimental ones implemented in a similar process. Conclusion. A conclusion is made regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the method under investigation for studying the effects of UHF on humans and determining their place among existing methods.

Features of differential diagnosis of occupational diseases in welders

2020 ◽  
pp. 800-800
Author(s):  
M. V. Chashchin ◽  
E. A. Kaik ◽  
E. G. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Working conditions in welding are characterized by the impact on the human body of a complex of harmful factors of the work environment. One of the most dangerous is a welding aerosol with a high content of manganese. Long-term high occupational exposure to manganese is causes manganese parkinsonism, the diagnosis of which is difficult, especially when conducting a differential diagnosis with PD.

scholarly journals Metabolomic blood test: purpose, implementation and interpretation of data

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Lokhov ◽  
A.V. Lisitsa ◽  
A.I. Archakov
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Chemical Purity ◽  
Sum Scores

The human body is an open system that receives a variety of xenobiotics in the course of dietary route or respiration and in the form of the drugs. As a lump sum scores of toxic and potentially toxic substances are detected in a human body that significantly affect health and human lifespan. There are also thousands of diseases, dozens of which latently occur in the body of each person. Traditional diagnosis is not able to screen all the variety of xenobiotics and potential human diseases. For this purpose metabolomic blood test is available which is of non-targeted (review) nature. The test can reveal all the diversity of low molecular weight substances in blood, including tens of thousands of xenobiotics and markers of different diseases. Detection of xenobiotics in the blood, directional detoxification and subsequent monitoring of “body's chemical purity” together with the control of “normality” of all biochemical processes in the organism, using metabolomics blood tests is a necessary and presumably a sufficient condition in the implementation of inherent human genotype longevity. This article describes the purpose, implementation and interpretation of metabolomic blood test facilitating the implementation of this method in the Russian Federation, in order to significantly increase the average life expectancy.

scholarly journals Improving the methodology for assessing occupational risk in workers under the influence of physical factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 975-979
Author(s):  
Alla V. Zheglova
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Early Signs

Introduction. One of the main factors shaping the health of the working population is occupation conditions. According to official statistics, about a quarter of employees are exposed to production factors that do not meet sanitary standards. Materials and methods. A study of the working conditions and health of workers of the leading professional groups of mining and mechanical engineering enterprises, including an assessment of the occupational doses of noise and vibration, was conducted; morbidity with a temporary disability (TDA), occupational morbidity, clinical and laboratory indicators, including the leading indicators of hemodynamics, integral indicators of the cardiovascular system, the rate of acceleration of ageing, types of adaptive reactions of the body, the analysis of endothelin concentration, the state of the antioxidant status and lipid spectrum, indicators of rheovasography and stimulation electroneuromyography of the extremities, bone-dystrophic changes according to radiography and ultrasound bone sonometry, psychological testing data. Results. The main harmful factors of working conditions of workers of the leading professional groups of mining and machine-building enterprises are noise, vibration (general and local), and the labour process’s severity. According to the results of the analysis of the incidence of TDA, diseases of risk at all studied enterprises are the pathology of the respiratory and musculoskeletal systems. The first rank place in the structure of occupational pathology is occupied by vibration disease. An increase in the integral indicators of the cardiovascular system activity, characterizing the tension of adaptive mechanisms in the group of trained workers, was revealed. According to the study, the characteristic early signs of markers of the risk of developing occupational diseases are an increase in the concentration of endothelin and a decrease in the rate of excitation along with the motor and sensory fibres of the peripheral nerves. Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, prevention and rehabilitation programs have been developed, taking into account the calculated probationary doses of noise and vibration, the detected early signs of occupational diseases, aimed at preventing the development of health disorders and restoring damaged functions in workers exposed to physical factors of the production environment.

Influence of negative aff ectivity, social suppression and anxiety on motivation for health and a healthy lifestyle in coal industry workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 354-358
Author(s):  
I. P. Danilov ◽  
N. I. Vlakh ◽  
V. I. Gugushvili ◽  
N. Ya. Paneva ◽  
T. D. Logunova
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Type D ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Motivation ◽  
Social Suppression

Introduction. A healthy lifestyle is one of the most eff ective methods of preserving health and preventing non-infectious diseases. The mechanisms and factors that infl uence the formation of motivation for health and a healthy lifestyle in employees engaged in harmful working conditions have not been suffi ciently studied. The study of these mechanisms will allow us to more eff ectively shape health-saving behavior.The aim of the study is to study negative aff ectivity, social suppression and anxiety in the formation of motivation to maintain health and a healthy lifestyle in coal industry workers.Materials and methods. A survey was conducted of 75 employees of mines and sections in the South of Kuzbass with an established diagnosis of occupational diseases, as well as 54 people who do not work in harmful working conditions (engineering and technical workers). Surveys were conducted using the method “Index of motivation to health and a healthy lifestyle”, the presence of personality type D was conducted using the DS14 questionnaire, the level of personal and situational anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger — Hanin questionnaire.Results. Th e level of motivation for health and a healthy lifestyle among patients with occupational diseases is signifi cantly lower than the level of motivation for the health of engineering and technical workers. Th e infl uence of negative reaction and social suppression on the level of motivation for health and a healthy lifestyle was not found. Th e level of situational anxiety also has no eff ect on health motivation. A higher level of personal anxiety among people with a high level of motivation for a healthy lifestyle was determined.Conclusions. Personal anxiety aff ects the level of motivation for health and a healthy lifestyle in people with occupational diseases. 

Assessment of indicators of nervous and emotional stress in medical center personnel depending on the characteristics of their professional activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 650-657
Author(s):  
Irina V. Fedotova ◽  
Tatyana N. Vasilyeva ◽  
Tatyana V. Blinova ◽  
Irina A. Umnyagina ◽  
Yuliya V. Lyapina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Glutathione System ◽  
Medical Centers

Introduction. Digital technologies are actively used in the work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles, which causes the impact on employees of a number of professional factors that determine the characteristics of their work. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of professional factors on the functional state of the employees' body and the glutathione system as an objective indicator of stress based on the analysis of the subjective perception of the medical center employees of the specifics of working with personal computers and psychophysiological testing. Materials and methods. The study involved 109 specialists of medical centers (25 ophthalmologists, 31 representatives of the secondary medical staff - nurses and paramedics, 53 office employees). The anonymous survey concerned the assessment of working conditions and their impact on the functional state of the body of the respondents. Performance and stress tolerance indicators were evaluated using three standard questionnaires. The study of 66 subjects' levels of glutathione in the blood: total, reduced, oxidized and the ratio of reduced and oxidized - was used to analyze the relationship of the neuro-emotional nature of labor with the reaction of oxidative stress. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using traditional methods of variation statistics and calculating the value of the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The survey revealed a significant proportion of people in all groups of respondents who constantly use computer technology in their work. Describing the quality of the processed information, doctors more than representatives of other groups note its complexity, importance, negative emotional color, a high degree of responsibility and tension. Doctors more often than average medical staff and office workers associate the manifestation of fatigue with an uncomfortable state of the visual organ, nervous system, and musculoskeletal system. The subjects showed reduced performance and stress tolerance with the most pronounced negative trends in the group of doctors. Changes in the glutathione system were detected, indicating the presence of oxidative stress in 40% of ophthalmologists and office workers, and in half of nurses. Conclusions. The work of specialists of medical centers of various profiles in accordance with their assessment is characterized by high nervous and emotional stress, due to the need to process a significant amount of complex and important professionally significant information. Subjectively noted by respondents the influence of working conditions on the functional state of the body is confirmed by indicators of the glutathione system, which can be used as indicators of nervous and emotional stress.

Professional pathology in the production of aluminum in the Kola Arctic

2020 ◽  
pp. 767-767
Author(s):  
S. A. Syurin ◽  
S. A. Gorbanev
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Aluminium Production ◽  
First Time

In 2007-2017, 22 occupational diseases were diagnosed for the first time in 18 workers engaged in aluminium production in the Arctic. A marked decrease in occupational morbidity in 2010-2017 was found, which was not associated with changes in working conditions and therefore requires an appropriate scientific explanation.

Immunological mechanisms of chronic liver lesions under the influence of chemicals

2020 ◽  
pp. 536-537
Author(s):  
G. S. Agzamova ◽  
M. M. Abdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
T System

The immunological profile of chronic liver lesions depending on the toxic agent was studied. It was revealed that chronic poisoning by industrial toxic substances causes changes in the functional state of the T-system of immunity, long-term contact with industrial chemicals leads to increased sensitization to autoantigens of the body.

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