Racist prejudices in different contexts. Differences between rural and urban environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Juana Maria Anguita Acero ◽  
Oscar Navarro Martinez ◽  
Angel Luis Gonzalez Olivares ◽  
Monica di Martino
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
University Students ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

The purpose of this research is to analyse the presence of racist prejudices in response to certain statements in two different contexts, namely, a rural environment and an urban environment. A questionnaire was prepared using nine statements in respect to real situations of preconceived ideas regarding certain minority groups of society. Specifically, these situations refer to gypsies, Blacks, immigrants, Moroccans, beggars, refugees from Latin America or handicapped persons. The questionnaire was given to university students, who were asked to assess the racist characteristics of each statement on a scale of 1–4. The results obtained show certain differences that are detected between the two contexts in respect to participants’ perception of prejudice. The conclusion is that the presence of racist prejudices is very similar in the two contexts in which the research was carried out, with a high correlation between students’ answers. Keywords: Prejudices, university students, urban, rural

scholarly journals Soziolinguistische Perspektiven auf Praktiken des Semiotic Landscaping in Zeiten der Coronavirus-Pandemie.

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-292
Author(s):  
Gertrud Reershemius ◽  
Evelyn Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
The City

The Covid-19 pandemic has left an impact on the semiotic landscapes of both rural and urban environments. The present study analyses two corpora of signs which emerged as a direct result of the pandemic in the rural environment of Krummhörn, a municipality in northern Germany, and in the city of Essen (Ruhr Metropolis) between March and July 2020. In addition to regulatory and informative signage, the data revealed a high proportion of affective signs which were displayed mainly by individuals around private homes, intended as boosters of collective moral in times of crisis. The analysis shows that slightly different semiotic strategies were applied when comparing a rural with an urban environment.

Prevalence and Sex-Specific Distribution of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in University Students in an Urban–Rural Environment of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-767
Author(s):  
Fiston Ikwa Ndol Mbutiwi ◽  
François Bompeka Lepira ◽  
Taty Latelabwe Mbutiwi ◽  
Donat Kenge Kumakuma ◽  
Gloria Kikumbi Kumbukama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
University Students ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Urban Rural

scholarly journals Functional links between rural and urban areas in the territory of the city of Banja Luka and the perspective of their development

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Milan Tomić ◽  
Sandra Rover ◽  
Bojan Pejović ◽  
Nina Uremović
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Banja Luka

Different types of interactions between rural and urban areas have the effect of improving economic, social, cultural and political dimensions in both areas, separating these two areas by their type of activity. Rural and urban types of regions have different resources and means that can be used in a complementary way. In rural-urban interaction there is a possibility of occurrence of conflict of interest of these two areas. This kind of conflict should be overcome when applying the partnership approach between rural and urban areas. The types of rural areas, depending on the proximity of the urban center and the functions of these areas, are divided into suburban, agricultural and remote type areas. By determining the functions of each type of area, the type and intensity of the interactions of rural areas with the urban center are presented. Rural entrepreneurs are able to bridge rural-urban differences, possessing certain market knowledge and descriptions of the characteristics of urban environments, while benefiting from their position. Rural entrepreneurs' interaction with the urban environment can contribute to sustainable economic relations between citizens in urban and rural areas. This paper presents the results of research related to determining the functions of certain areas, their strengths, unused and utilized resources, the frequency of interaction with the urban environment and the perspectives of suburban, agricultural and remote type areas in the context of interaction with the urban environment.

Spatial patterns

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Intermediate Disturbance ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Disturbance Hypothesis

In this chapter, the discussion focuses on the spatial variation of species within urban environment. Studies on urban–rural gradients are discussed. These are studies along gradients of disturbance and environmental stress. The extreme heterogeneity of urban environments, where contrasting urban forms are juxtaposed, is recognized as an issue in drawing generalities. Despite this, some limited generalities in the patterns of species richness and density can be detected. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis is discussed and its limitations identified. Examples are presented from a number of taxa where different spatial distribution patterns are observed. There is also a brief consideration of r- and K-selected species and of urban avoiders and adaptors and how their distributions are affected by urban environments. While it is possible to make general statements regarding the distribution of biodiversity across an urban environment, considerable variations exist in terms of individual species.

scholarly journals Behavioural Traits of Four Dogs Breeds in Czech Households

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Baranyiová ◽  
A. Holub ◽  
M. Tyrlík
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Household Members

Our study was aimed at the behavioral aspects of coexistence with people of four canine breeds in Czech households. From the original set of data in 305 earlier analyzed dogs we selected 89 animals, i.e. those concerning the four most numerous breeds, (34 Dachshunds, 16 Schnauzers, 23 German Shepherd Dogs and 16 Poodles), and compared their 85 behavioural traits and interactions with their household members. The results were evaluated using the chi-square test. Dogs belonging to these four breeds differed significantly in only 28 (32.9%) of the indicators under study. Except for a few German Shepherd Dogs all members of our group were considered to be companion animals and household members. They were no longer used as earth dogs or hunting, guarding/herding dogs. Breed characteristics were taken into consideration only exceptionally. People kept them for pleasure and not for their original skills, once carefully selected for and modified. On the contrary, these skills became undesirable in urban environment. Despite that, dog breeds are designated by their original functions and use, even though the anthropomorphic selection pressures continue. People want their dogs to adapt more and more to the intimate co-existence in rural and urban environments. Thus, canine behaviour is under massive selection pressures.

Perthes’ disease of the hip: socioeconomic inequalities and the urban environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1053-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C Perry ◽  
Colin E Bruce ◽  
Daniel Pope ◽  
Peter Dangerfield ◽  
Mary Jane Platt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Perthes Disease ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Using Data

IntroductionPerthes’ disease is a puzzling childhood hip disorder for which the aetiology is unknown. It is known to be associated with socioeconomic deprivation. Urban environments have also been implicated as a risk factor, however socioeconomic deprivation often occurs within urban environments and it is unclear if this association is the result of confounding. The objective of the current work was to gain a greater understanding of the influence of the urban/rural environment in Perthes’ disease.MethodsThis was a descriptive observational study using the Scottish Morbidity Record, based in Scotland, UK using data from 2000–2010. A total of 443 patients with a discharge diagnosis of Perthes’ disease were included. Socioeconomic deprivation was determined using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, and exposure to the ‘urban environment’ was recorded based on the Scottish Urban–Rural Classification.ResultsThere was a strong association with socioeconomic deprivation, with rates among the most deprived quintile more than twice those of the most affluent (RR 2.1 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.9)). Urban areas had a greater rate of Perthes’ disease discharges (RR 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.2)), though this was a reflection of greater deprivation in urban areas. Stratification for socioeconomic deprivation revealed similar discharge rates in urban and rural environments, suggesting that the aetiological determinants were not independently associated with urban environments.ConclusionsThe occurrence of Perthes’ disease within urban environments is high, yet this appears to be a reflection of higher socioeconomic deprivation exposure. Disease rates appear equivalent in similarly deprived urban and non-urban areas, suggesting that the determinant is not a consequence of the urban environment.

scholarly journals The quantity of information which parents and their seven-year-old children have on the affects of nutrition, oral hygiene and fluoride prophylaxis on dental health

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Marija Igic ◽  
Mirjana Apostolovic ◽  
Ljiljana Kostadinovic ◽  
Olivera Trickovic-Janjic ◽  
Dusan Surdilovic
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Rural And Urban

Introduction. Health education plays a crucial oral in maintaining good oral health of human population and, primarily, in reducing the incidence of caries as one of the most frequent oral diseases. This implies the need for a change in the behavior of individuals, groups or the society as a whole, in terms of the following: establishing a proper nutrition regime, establishing the habit of maintaining oral hygiene and the use of fluorides. The goal of the paper is to determine the quantity of information which parents and their seven year old children have on the effects of nutrition, oral hygiene and fluoride prophylaxis on dental health in rural and urban environment. Material and methods. The survey included 450 seven-year-old children and their parents in urban and rural environments. The quantity of information about proper nutrition, oral hygiene and fluoride prophylaxis was determined based on specific questionnaires for children and their parents. Results. The quantity of information about the effects of proper nutrition, oral hygiene and fluoride prophylaxis on dental health of seven year old children is significantly larger in urban, as compared to the rural environment. The quantity of information of parents about the effects of proper nutrition, oral hygiene and fluoride prophylaxis on dental health is larger in urban, as compared to the rural environment. Conclusion. This research suggests a need to intensify health education activities, especially in the rural environment.

scholarly journals A MÚSICA SERTANEJA COMO REFLEXO DE TRANSFORMAÇÕES DOS LUGARES DE ESCUTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Luciana Carolina Fernandes Faria ◽  
João Pedro Turino Silva
Keyword(s):  
Country Music ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Rural Exodus ◽  
Musical Elements ◽  
Society Today

This article aims to analyze and compare Brazilian country music from different decades in order to identify which elements have been preserved, which have changed over time and the possible associations between these transformations and the increase in the urban population. For this, two country songs were selected, one from 1926 and the other from 2028, in order to identify which musical elements have been transformed and which have been preserved over the time and under the influence of the rural exodus process. Through bibliographic research, we found that our country has undergone through a significant urbanization, especially since the 1960s and this fact, aggravated by the influence of the cultural industry, caused changes in habits, actions and, consequently, caused changes in people's listening places; the wiretaps that were made and produced in the rural environment differ in many of the wiretaps that are made and produced in urban environments today. Such changes directly imply people's form of expression and artistic production. Through analytical research of the narrative and musical elements, this transformation of the listening places is evident, and demonstrates the culture, practices and concepts of two very diverse contexts (rural and urban). Listening places are produced by living beings and, in reciprocity, also produces them as beings; in this way, it becomes an important research object for the understanding of society today.

Relationships

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Exotic Pets

Relationships between organisms within urban environments are many and varied. Plants are found in many households, and in addition to the benefits derived from their decorative properties, they also purify the air by removing pollutants. Over the course of history some animals have become domesticated: cows, horses, goats, providing food and transport. Of these, a select group have become companions (cats, dogs, and more exotic pets). Such domesticated and companion animals are an important part of the overall biology of urban environments and these relationships are explored and discussed. Some former companion or domestic animals have become feral, and other animals have never been domesticated and live freely in the urban environment. Some of these animals have beneficial relationships with humans whereas others are parasitic or are considered pests. These relationships are the focus for the later part of the exploration set out in this chapter.

What is the urban environment and what is biology?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
First Century ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Genes To Ecosystems ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Initial Focus

The two main themes contained within the title The Biology of Urban Environments are explored. The initial focus is on urban environments. A discussion of the origins of cities and the global spread of urbanization leads on to a consideration of urban environments in the twenty-first century. In the second section, the focus switches to biology. The scope of the discipline is set out in terms of both the range of sub-disciplines and of biological scales. It is established from this discussion that in this book the topics considered span from genes to ecosystems and will be illustrated by examples of the biology of micro-organisms, plants, and animals. Importantly humans will be included within this consideration: our biology is affected by urban environments. The final part presents the structure of the book.

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