scholarly journals Commentary: Just What is Critical Race Theory and What’s it Doing in a Progressive Field like Public Health?

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supp 1) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra L. Ford ◽  
Collins O. Airhihenbuwa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Educational Disparities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical Race Praxis

<p>Gloria Ladson-Billings cautiously promotes the use of Critical Race Theory (CRT) to address racism’s contribution to educational disparities. Nearly a decade ago, we issued a similar call to the multidisciplinary field of public health. Public health touts its progressive roots and focus on equity, but do those efforts draw on CRT? To answer this question, we define CRT, describe its origin in the field of law, and review the ways its use has grown in the field of public health. Public health interventions and poli­cies rely heavily on evidence; therefore, we re-introduce the semi-structured research method we developed to facilitate empiri­cal application of CRT, ie, the Public Health Critical Race Praxis (PHCRP).</p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(Suppl 1):223-230; doi:10.18865/ed.28.S1.223</p>

scholarly journals Commentary: Critical Race Theory Training to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: The Public Health Critical Race Praxis Institute

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supp 1) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
James Butler, III ◽  
Craig S. Fryer ◽  
Mary A. Garza ◽  
Sandra C. Quinn ◽  
Stephen B. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical Race Praxis

<p class="Pa6"> Racism is a fundamental cause of racial and ethnic disparities in health outcomes. Researchers have a critical role to play in confronting racism by understanding it and intervening on its impact on the health and well-being of minority populations. This requires new paradigms and theoretical frameworks that are responsive to structural racism’s present-day influence on health, health disparities, and research. To address the complexity with which racism influences both health and the production of knowl­edge about minority populations, the field must accelerate the professional develop­ment of researchers who are committed to eliminating racial and ethnic health disparities and achieving health equity. In this commentary, we describe a unique and vital training experience, the Public Health Critical Race Praxis Institute at the Univer­sity of Maryland’s Center for Health Equity. Through this training institute, we have focused on the experiential knowledge of diverse researchers committed to examining racism and trained them on putting racism at the forefront of their research agendas. The Institute brought together investigators from across the United States, including junior and senior faculty as well as post­doctoral fellows. The public health critical race methodology was purposefully used to structure the Institute’s curriculum, which instructed the scholars on Critical Race Theory as a framework in research. During a 2.5-day training in February 2014, scholars participated in activities, attended presenta­tions, joined in reflections, and interacted with Institute faculty. The scholars indi­cated a strong desire to focus on race and racism and adopt a Public Health Critical Race Praxis framework by utilizing Critical Race Theory in their research. <em></em></p><p class="Pa6"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(Suppl 1):279-284; doi:10.18865/ed.28.S1.279.</p>

Science and Medicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tita Chico
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
History Of

Abstract Abstract The titles reviewed in this chapter concern science and medicine studies. They represent work drawn from a variety of contexts and disciplinary perspectives, including science and technology, the history of science, literary studies, critical race theory, public health, the philosophy of science, law, ethnography, anthropology, architecture, and geology. The chapter has five sections: 1. Histories and Historicity; 2. Epistemology and Dissemination; 3. Institutions and Praxis; 4. Bodies and Subjectivities; and 5. Conversations (Journals).

scholarly journals To what extent are complex public health interventions transferable across contexts? Protocol of an interdisciplinary study of a school-based nutritional health intervention in France

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Kelly-Irving ◽  
Emilie Gaborit ◽  
Laurence Mabile ◽  
Florent Beraut ◽  
Thierry Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Questions

Background: Governments across Europe have attempted to address the obesogenic environment through a variety of policy measures over the last two decades. A growing literature advocates for complex population interventions in public health. Such approaches embrace the need for interventions that can operate within the complexity of real-life situations as well as capturing and tracking interactions between an intervention and its context. Aim: This paper describes the original interdisciplinary methodological approach of a research project. The study was designed to ascertain whether complex public health interventions can be transferred from one local context to another while remaining loyal to their initial objectives. Method: An integrated interdisciplinary qualitative design was established to elaborate and answer the research questions. Three disciplinary strands were involved: Political Science, Public Health and Sociology. The three strands worked together while applying their specific methodological approaches. Results: The Political Science strand analysed the public health nutrition intervention taking a socio-historic policy studies top-down perspective. The Public Health Strand developed a method of analysing the three interventions through a co-construction process with the participants. This allows for the key functions, forms and context of each intervention to be identified and compared. The Sociology strand performed ethnographic methods to observe and analyse the deployment and activities linked with each intervention across sites. Together the three strands provide an interdisciplinary analysis of the length and breadth of the interventional scope with which to answer the research questions. Discussion: Here, we discuss the operational challenges involved in the project, including the difficulties encountered with the interdisciplinary approach, as well as field work challenges.

scholarly journals Transmission dynamics of SARS-COV-2 in China: impact of public health interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbao Wang ◽  
Yiqin Chen ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Ping Cai ◽  
Ye He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Actual Growth ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 has become a global pandemic. However, the impact of the public health interventions in China needs to be evaluated. We established a SEIRD model to simulate the transmission trend of China. In addition, the reduction of the reproductive number was estimated under the current forty public health interventions policies. Furthermore, the infection curve, daily transmission replication curve, and the trend of cumulative confirmed cases were used to evaluate the effects of the public health interventions. Our results showed that the SEIRD curve model we established had a good fit and the basic reproductive number is 3.38 (95% CI, 3.25–3.48). The SEIRD curve show a small difference between the simulated number of cases and the actual number; the correlation index (H2) is 0.934, and the reproductive number (R) has been reduced from 3.38 to 0.5 under the current forty public health interventions policies of China. The actual growth curve of new cases, the virus infection curve, and the daily transmission replication curve were significantly going down under the current public health interventions. Our results suggest that the current public health interventions of China are effective and should be maintained until COVID-19 is no longer considered a global threat.

scholarly journals Linguicism and Racism in Massachusetts Educational Policy

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Mitchell Viesca
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Educational Quality ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Educational Disparities

This paper presents a critically conscious policy analysis conducted on Massachusetts state policy regarding the education of secondary multilingual learners and their teachers through the lens of critical race theory (CRT).  My analysis suggests that even though current policy in Massachusetts is framed in terms of the overarching goals of educational quality and equality, in reality it substantively sanctions inequitable practices. This paper demonstrates that racism and linguicism (or language-based discrimination) towards multilingual learners are legally sanctioned in Massachusetts public schools as a consequence of state policy, thus contributing to educational disparities.

Immunization

2010 ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Claudia L. Swanton ◽  
Barbara J. Timm ◽  
Heidi K. Roeber Rice
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
China And India ◽  
Effective Public Health

The use of vaccines can be traced back to China and India before 200 BC. Vaccination, now considered one of the most effective public health interventions, became common practice in the 1940s with the introduction of vaccines for diphtheria and tetanus. Since that time, many infectious diseases have been well controlled through vaccination. This chapter focuses on live and attenuated bacterial and viral vaccines and those that are composed of toxoids. Hepatitis B, pneumococcal disease, and influenza are the most common vaccine-preventable diseases in adults. Rates of childhood vaccination remain suboptimal. Ideally, vaccination begins before infants are dismissed home after birth. Targeted awareness campaigns can be used to educate providers and the public about the importance of immunization.

scholarly journals Patterns of sedentary behavior and compliance with public health recommendations in Spanish adolescents: the AFINOS study

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 2237-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Martínez Gómez ◽  
Oscar L. Veiga ◽  
Belén Zapatera ◽  
Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez ◽  
Sonia Gomez-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Total Proportion ◽  
Watching Tv

The aims of the present study were: (i) describe patterns of sedentary behavior in Spanish adolescents; and (ii) determine the proportion of adolescents that do not meet the public health recommendations for sedentary behavior. This study comprised 1,724 Spanish adolescents (882 girls), aged 13 to 16 years. Patterns of sedentary behavior (TV viewing, use of computer games, console games and surfing the Internet) were assessed using the HELENA sedentary behavior questionnaire. The total proportion of adolescents watching TV, using computer and console games, and surfing the internet for more than two hours daily was 24%, 9%, 7%, and 17%, respectively, on weekdays, and 50%, 22%, 16%, and 35%, respectively, on weekends. Over 63% of the adolescents from the study did not meet the recommendation for sedentary behavior (< 2 hours daily screen time) on weekdays and 87% did not comply with this recommendation on weekends. Since sedentary behavior plays a key role in adolescent health, public health interventions in Spain that take these factors into consideration are needed.

scholarly journals Public Health Policies and Global COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Komaroff ◽  
A A Belhouchet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
P Value ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background Was the world prepared to face the pandemic with a standard strategy? Objectives To evaluate the association between public health interventions against the COVID-19 outbreak and the outcome. Methods The observational study included data on incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases (outcome) and public health non-pharmaceutical interventions (exposure) from five countries: France, Italy, Japan, South Korea, and the USA, December 31, 2019 through April 12, 2020. The public health measures were grouped into five categories: lockdown, movement restrictions, public health measures, social (including social distancing) and economic measures, and use of facial mask. The multiple linear regressions were utilized to test the hypothesis that implementation of some public health measures was associated with the change in the incident number of COVID-19 cases, 2-sided, α = 0.05. Results The incidence of COVID-19 would be significantly greater without lockdown (1.89 times, p-value &lt;.0001), public health and economic measures (25.17, p-value &lt;.0001), and using masks (11.93, p-value=0.002), assuming that all other public health policies are the same. The effectiveness increases with earlier time of implementation. Among considered countries, South Korea was the most efficacious, where all measures were statistically significantly efficacious (p-value &lt;0.05). Conclusions The findings demonstrate an association between public health measures and the outcome. The experience from South Korea should be studied further as the most effective non-pharmacological approach to fight the disease. This paper is the first step to develop the standardized approach utilizing the public health interventions to be applied effectively to the globe population. Key messages the most effective measures to control the COVID-19, and future outbreaks. The effect of particular measure varied by country and time of implementation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document