The impact of native competitors on an alien invasive: temporal niche shifts to avoid interspecific aggression

Ecology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Harrington ◽  
Andrew L. Harrington ◽  
Nobuyuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Michael D. Thom ◽  
Pablo Ferreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Aggression ◽  
Temporal Niche ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Whole genome duplication potentiates inter-specific hybridisation and niche shifts in Australian burrowing frogs Neobatrachus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Yu. Novikova ◽  
Ian G. Brennan ◽  
William Booker ◽  
Michael Mahony ◽  
Paul Doughty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Exome Capture ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Population Genomic ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
Inheritance Mode ◽  
The Impact

Polyploidy has played an important role in evolution across the tree of life but it is still unclear how polyploid lineages may persist after their initial formation. While both common and well-studied in plants, polyploidy is rare in animals and generally less well-understood. The Australian burrowing frog genus Neobatrachus is comprised of six diploid and three polyploid species and offers a powerful animal polyploid model system. We generated exome-capture sequence data from 87 individuals representing all nine species of Neobatrachus to investigate species-level relationships, the origin and inheritance mode of polyploid species, and the population genomic effects of polyploidy on genus-wide demography. We resolve the phylogenetic relationships among Neobatrachus species and provide further support that the three polyploid species have independent autotetraploid origins. We document higher genetic diversity in tetraploids, resulting from widespread gene flow specifically between the tetraploids, asymmetric inter-ploidy gene flow directed from sympatric diploids to tetraploids, and current isolation of diploid species from each other. We also constructed models of ecologically suitable areas for each species to investigate the impact of climate variation on frogs with differing ploidy levels. These models suggest substantial change in suitable areas compared to past climate, which in turn corresponds to population genomic estimates of demographic histories. We propose that Neobatrachus diploids may be suffering the early genomic impacts of climate-induced habitat loss, while tetraploids appear to be avoiding this fate, possibly due to widespread gene flow into tetraploid lineages specifically. Finally, we demonstrate that Neobatrachus is an attractive model to study the effects of ploidy on the evolution of adaptation in animals.

Interference competition and temporal niche shifts: elephants and herbivore communities at waterholes

Oecologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Valeix ◽  
Simon Chamaillé-Jammes ◽  
Hervé Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Interference Competition ◽  
Temporal Niche ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
Herbivore Communities

scholarly journals The role of the gut microbiota in the dietary niche expansion of fishing bats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ostaizka Aizpurua ◽  
Lasse Nyholm ◽  
Evie Morris ◽  
Gloriana Chaverri ◽  
Luis Gerardo Herrera Montalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Niche Expansion ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
Dietary Transition ◽  
Dietary Niche ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Gut Microorganisms ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundDue to its central role in animal nutrition, the gut microbiota is likely a relevant factor shaping dietary niche shifts. We analysed both the impact and contribution of the gut microbiota to the dietary niche expansion of the only four bat species that have incorporated fish into their primarily arthropodophage diet.ResultsWe first compared the taxonomic and functional features of the gut microbiota of the four piscivorous bats to that of 11 strictly arthropodophagous species using 16S rRNA targeted amplicon sequencing. Second, we increased the resolution of our analyses for one of the piscivorous bat species, namely Myotis capaccinii , and analysed multiple populations combining targeted approaches with shotgun sequencing. To better understand the origin of gut microorganisms, we also analysed the gut microbiota of their fish prey ( Gambusia holbrooki ). Our analyses showed that piscivorous bats carry a characteristic gut microbiota that differs from that of their strict arthropodophagous counterparts, in which the most relevant bacteria have been directly acquired from their fish prey. This characteristic microbiota exhibits enrichment of genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis, as well as complex carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, likely providing their hosts with an enhanced capacity to metabolise the glycosphingolipids and long-chain fatty acids that are particularly abundant in fish.ConclusionsOur results depict the gut microbiota as a relevant element in facilitating the dietary transition from arthropodophagy to piscivory.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic niche shifts in dinosaurs influenced size, diversity and extinction in terrestrial vertebrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Codron ◽  
Chris Carbone ◽  
Dennis W. H. Müller ◽  
Marcus Clauss
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Ontogeny ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrate ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Ontogenetic Niche Shifts ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
Size Diversity ◽  
Intermediate Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Land Vertebrates

Given the physiological limits to egg size, large-bodied non-avian dinosaurs experienced some of the most extreme shifts in size during postnatal ontogeny found in terrestrial vertebrate systems. In contrast, mammals—the other dominant vertebrate group since the Mesozoic—have less complex ontogenies. Here, we develop a model that quantifies the impact of size-specific interspecies competition on abundances of differently sized dinosaurs and mammals, taking into account the extended niche breadth realized during ontogeny among large oviparous species. Our model predicts low diversity at intermediate size classes (between approx. 1 and 1000 kg), consistent with observed diversity distributions of dinosaurs, and of Mesozoic land vertebrates in general. It also provides a mechanism—based on an understanding of different ecological and evolutionary constraints across vertebrate groups—that explains how mammals and birds, but not dinosaurs, were able to persist beyond the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) boundary, and how post-K–T mammals were able to diversify into larger size categories.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Pattern of High Variation Traits in Subfamily Zygophylloideae (Zygophyllaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Wang ◽  
Honglan Yang ◽  
Tohir A. Bozorov ◽  
Dirk C. Albach ◽  
Daoyuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
The Impact

Patterns in traits and trait combinations reflect how organisms cope with their environment. Owing to different degrees of variability, the performance of traits varies during adaption to the changing environment. In this study, we focused on a taxon dominant in arid regions – the subfamily Zygophylloideae. We analyzed the evolutionary patterns of functional traits to clarify the impact of trait attributes on niche shifts. The results of phylogenetic signal analysis of traits revealed that quantitative traits, such as plant height, were not evolutionarily conserved. Phylogenetic regression pointed out that there are synergistic changes in environmental factors and in some traits within a phylogenetic context. These traits can meet the requirements of different environments more easily, possibly owing to their high variability. As a result, species in the subfamily Zygophylloideae showed clustering in some phenotypic spaces. Thus, the adaptive evolution of traits reduced niche restrictions of related environmental factors on species. The evolutionary analysis of functional traits in subfamily Zygophylloideae proved that high variability of traits allows fine-tuning according to the related environmental factors during the evolutionary process and promotes niche shifts.

scholarly journals The role of the gut microbiota in the dietary niche expansion of fishing bats

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ostaizka Aizpurua ◽  
Lasse Nyholm ◽  
Evie Morris ◽  
Gloriana Chaverri ◽  
L. Gerardo Herrera Montalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Niche Expansion ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
Dietary Transition ◽  
Dietary Niche ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Gut Microorganisms ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Due to its central role in animal nutrition, the gut microbiota is likely a relevant factor shaping dietary niche shifts. We analysed both the impact and contribution of the gut microbiota to the dietary niche expansion of the only four bat species that have incorporated fish into their primarily arthropodophage diet. Results We first compared the taxonomic and functional features of the gut microbiota of the four piscivorous bats to that of 11 strictly arthropodophagous species using 16S rRNA targeted amplicon sequencing. Second, we increased the resolution of our analyses for one of the piscivorous bat species, namely Myotis capaccinii, and analysed multiple populations combining targeted approaches with shotgun sequencing. To better understand the origin of gut microorganisms, we also analysed the gut microbiota of their fish prey (Gambusia holbrooki). Our analyses showed that piscivorous bats carry a characteristic gut microbiota that differs from that of their strict arthropodophagous counterparts, in which the most relevant bacteria have been directly acquired from their fish prey. This characteristic microbiota exhibits enrichment of genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis, as well as complex carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, likely providing their hosts with an enhanced capacity to metabolise the glycosphingolipids and long-chain fatty acids that are particularly abundant in fish. Conclusions Our results depict the gut microbiota as a relevant element in facilitating the dietary transition from arthropodophagy to piscivory.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Organic Syntheses During the Impact of a Comet with a Gaseous Planet

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Cesare Guaita ◽  
Roberto Crippa ◽  
Federico Manzini
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Blue Filter ◽  
Organic Syntheses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA large amount of CO has been detected above many SL9/Jupiter impacts. This gas was never detected before the collision. So, in our opinion, CO was released from a parent compound during the collision. We identify this compound as POM (polyoxymethylene), a formaldehyde (HCHO) polymer that, when suddenly heated, reformes monomeric HCHO. At temperatures higher than 1200°K HCHO cannot exist in molecular form and the most probable result of its decomposition is the formation of CO. At lower temperatures, HCHO can react with NH3 and/or HCN to form high UV-absorbing polymeric material. In our opinion, this kind of material has also to be taken in to account to explain the complex evolution of some SL9 impacts that we observed in CCD images taken with a blue filter.

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